The Proliferation of Myofibrils During Muscle Fibre Growth

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-603
Author(s):  
G. GOLDSPINK
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
Longitudinal Splitting ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Fibre Growth ◽  
Large Muscle

Myofibrils in muscle fibres of different sizes and different ages were examined and measured using phase-contrast and electron microscopy. During the post-natal growth of the mouse biceps brachii muscle the number of myofibrils in some fibres increases from about 75 to 1200 The range of myofibril size was from 0.4-1.2 µm. The distribution of myofibril sizes in muscles of all ages studied was bimodal A high incidence of longitudinal splitting of myofibrils was observed with the electron microscope in differentiating muscle fibres and in some medium and large muscle fibres. Size measurements with the electron microscope showed that the splitting myofibrils were about twice as large as non-splitting myofibrils and that the myofibrils split more or less down the middle. A possible explanation for the splitting is that the peripheral I filaments are pulled at an angle slightly oblique to the myofibril axis, because of the discrepancy in the A and I-filament lattice spacings. When the myofibril reaches a certain size the oblique pull of the peripheral I filaments is strong enough to cause the Z disks to rip. From data on the size, shape and number of myofibrils at different stages of growth it was concluded that longitudinal splitting is the means by which the number of myofibrils increases during post-natal growth.

Sarcomere Length During Post-Natal Growth of Mammalian Muscle Fibres

1968 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-548
Author(s):  
G. GOLDSPINK
Keyword(s):  
Sarcomere Length ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
Newborn Animal ◽  
Maximum Tension ◽  
Mammalian Muscle ◽  
Extended Position ◽  
The Difference

The length of the sarcomeres, the A- and the 1-filaments and their percentage overlap were measured in the fibres of the biceps brachii muscle from mice of different ages. The sarcomere length with the limb in the fully extended position was found to increase from 2.3 µ in the newborn animal to 2.8 µ in the adult. This increase was due to a decrease in the percentage overlap of the filaments and not to any change in the filament lengths. The sarcomeres at the ends of the fibres were found to be shorter than those in the middle of the muscle, at all ages. When the muscles were stretched beyond their resting length, only about the middle 60 % of the sarcomeres in the young muscles increased in length. Length/tension plots were obtained for young and old muscles and the difference in the shape of these plots could be explained as being due to the non-functional terminal sarcomeres of the young muscles. The maximum tension developed by the young muscles was found to be attained at an initial muscle length about 10 % greater than their length at maximum limb extension. The adult muscles developed maximum tension at their length at maximum limb extension.

scholarly journals Accessory head of biceps brachii muscle in North Indian cadavers

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 030-034
Author(s):  
Gurbachan Singh Gindha ◽  
Anand Kumar Sharma ◽  
Ratesh Kumar Munjal
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
Formaldehyde Solution ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Third ◽  
Long Head ◽  
The Right ◽  
Large Muscle

Abstract Background and aims : The biceps brachii is the large muscle of flexor compartment of arm. Normally it arises by two heads (long head and short head) and gets insertion in two parts (tendinous part and aponeurotic parts). The biceps brachii muscle is well known for variation in its origin. These variations can cause compression of brachial artery and median nerve which may pass deep to the accessory head of biceps brachii muscle, and can create problems for surgeons. So the surgeons should keep in mind such variations of biceps brachii muscle. The present study is to find out the variations in the origin of biceps brachii muscle. Material and methods: The present study was conducted in the department of anatomy of Gian Sagar Medical College, Ramnagar, Rajpura district Patiala (Punjab). In this study 32 human cadaveric limbs which were embalmed and fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution were used and these limbs were dissected and variations in origin of the biceps brachii muscle were noted. Results : Out of 32 limbs, 3 limbs (9.38%) were having three heads of biceps brachii muscle in its origin. The variations were found in the right limbs only. Conclusions : The knowledge of accessory head of biceps brachii muscle is important for the surgeons and troumatologists because there can be iatrogenic injury to the third head of biceps brachii muscle.

scholarly journals Histochemistry profile of the biceps brachii muscle fibres of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella, Linnaeus, 1758)

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S177-S183
Author(s):  
CHF Bortoluci ◽  
LH Simionato ◽  
GM Rosa Junior ◽  
JA Oliveira ◽  
JRP Lauris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Cebus Apella ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
Capuchin Monkey ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys ◽  
Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
Biceps Muscle ◽  
Fast Twitch

A general analysis of the behaviour of “Cebus” shows that when this primate moves position to feed or perform another activity, it presents different ways of locomotion. This information shows that the brachial biceps muscle of this animal is frequently used in their locomotion activities, but it should also be remembered that this muscle is also used for other development activities like hiding, searching for objects, searching out in the woods, and digging in the soil. Considering the above, it was decided to research the histoenzimologic characteristics of the brachial biceps muscle to observe whether it is better adpted to postural or phasic function. To that end, samples were taken from the superficial and deep regions, the inserts proximal (medial and lateral) and distal brachial biceps six capuchin monkeys male and adult, which were subjected to the reactions of m-ATPase, NADH-Tr. Based on the results of these reactions fibres were classified as in Fast Twitch Glycolitic (FG), Fast Twitch Oxidative Glycolitic (FOG) and Slow Twitc (SO). In general, the results, considering the muscle as a whole, show a trend of frequency FOG> FG> SO. The data on the frequency were studied on three superficial regions FOG=FG>SO; the deep regions of the inserts proximal FOG=FG=SO and inserting the distal FOG>FG=SO. In conclusion, the biceps brachii of the capuchin monkey is well adapted for both postural and phasic activities.

External Longitudinal Splitting of the Biceps Brachii Muscle for Coverage of Repaired Brachial Vessels

1988 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaron Har-Shai ◽  
Theodor Kaufman ◽  
Moshe Hashmonai ◽  
Bernard Hirshowitz ◽  
Alfred Schramek
Keyword(s):  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
Longitudinal Splitting

Observation of biological macromolecules using various electron microscopic methods

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Ohtsuki ◽  
Michael Sogard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Staining Techniques

Structural investigations of biological macromolecules commonly employ CTEM with negative staining techniques. Difficulties in valid image interpretation arise, however, due to problems such as variability in thickness and degree of penetration of the staining agent, noise from the supporting film, and artifacts from defocus phase contrast effects. In order to determine the effects of these variables on biological structure, as seen by the electron microscope, negative stained macromolecules of high density lipoprotein-3 (HDL3) from human serum were analyzed with both CTEM and STEM, and results were then compared with CTEM micrographs of freeze-etched HDL3. In addition, we altered the structure of this molecule by digesting away its phospholipid component with phospholipase A2 and look for consistent changes in structure.

The Imaging of Crystal Structures and Crystal Defects

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-217
Author(s):  
J.M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Atom Density ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Spatial Frequencies

The problem of "understandinq" electron microscope imaqes becomes more acute as the resolution is improved. The naive interpretation of an imaqe as representinq the projection of an atom density becomes less and less appropriate. We are increasinqly forced to face the complexities of coherent imaqinq of what are essentially phase objects. Most electron microscopists are now aware that, for very thin weakly scatterinq objects such as thin unstained bioloqical specimens, hiqh resolution imaqes are best obtained near the optimum defocus, as prescribed by Scherzer, where the phase contrast imaqe qives a qood representation of the projected potential, apart from a lack of information on the lower spatial frequencies. But phase contrast imaqinq is never simple except in idealized limitinq cases.

scholarly journals Is it the coracobrachialis superior muscle, or is it an unidentified rare variant of coracobrachialis muscle?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Olewnik ◽  
Nicol Zielinska ◽  
Łukasz Gołek ◽  
Paloma Aragonés ◽  
Jose Ramon Sanudo
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Rare Variant ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Coracoid Process ◽  
Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
Shoulder Region

AbstractThe coracobrachialis muscle (CBM) originates from the apex of the coracoid process, in common with the short head of the biceps brachii muscle, and from the intermuscular septum. The CBM demonstrates variability in both the proximal and distal attachment, with some extremely rare varieties, such as the coracobrachialis superior, coracobrachialis longus and coracocapsularis muscle. This case report describes an extremely rare variant of the coracobrachialis superior muscle, or a very rare variant of the CBM. Our findings highlight the importance of muscle variants in the shoulder region, especially the coracoid region, and are significant for radiologists, anatomists, physiotherapists and surgeons specializing in the shoulder joint.

scholarly journals Older Adults Exhibit a Reduced Ability to Fully Activate Their Biceps Brachii Muscle

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. M249-M253 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Yue ◽  
V. K. Ranganathan ◽  
V. Siemionow ◽  
J. Z. Liu ◽  
V. Sahgal
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Biceps Brachii Muscle
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