The Branching Pattern of the Nervus Ischiadicus after Passing through the Foramen Ischiadicum Majus in Hasak Sheep Breed

Background: Hasak is a sheep breed, developed as a result of crossbreeding studies at Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute. The aim of this study was to examine the macroanatomical structure of the nervus ischiadicus outside the cavum pelvis in Hasak sheep breed. Methods: 5 Hasak sheep were used for this study. After opening the body cavities of the cadavers, they were fixed in formaldehyde solution. The branches of the nervus ischiadicus were dissected separately and photographed. Result: It was observed that nervus ischiadicus was emitting nervus gluteus caudalis immediately after leaving the foramen ischiadicum majus. After this branching nervus ischiadicus coursed ventrally and it was divided into two nerves: nervus tibialis and the common root of nervus peroneus communis and nervus cutaneus surae caudalis.

Effect of salting time on formaldehyde content of dried salted Indo-Pacific mackerel

This paper reports an analysis of formaldehyde in dried salted short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) which was intentionally added with formaldehyde compared to those that was not. The purpose was to see whether salting could cover up the illegal use of formaldehyde. Mackerel was obtained from one day fishing landed at Karangantu Fishing Port, Serang-West Java. The fish was transported in ice by road (3 hours) to the laboratory in Jakarta, and divided into two groups upon arrival. One group was soaked in 3% (w/v) formaldehyde solution for 30 minutes, while another group was not (control treatment). They were then salted in saturated brine for 12 and 24 hours at ambient temperature and sun dried subsequently to 40% moisture content or less. The formaldehyde content of raw materials was in the range of 1.4-1.7 ppm, indicating that natural formaldehyde was present in the fish. Soaking in 3% formaldehyde solution for 30 minutes significantly increased fish formaldehyde content from 1.4-1.7 to 154-157 ppm, and decreased to 42.3-58.1 after 24 and 12h salting which then dropped to 25.0-35.9 ppm after drying, respectively. Those of control showed a slight decrease after salting and increase after drying, i.e. 2.7-3.4% in the final products. This results indicate that salting could not disguise the illegal use of formaldehyde to preserve raw materials, however small amount of formaldehyde in dried salted fish could be regarded natural formaldehyde of the fish.

GENERATING A STREAM WITH A STABLE FORMALDEHYDE CONCENTRATION IN THE LABORATORY

A laboratory-scale bio-trickling filter (BTF) was initialized to evaluate the removal of formaldehyde biologically. However, generating formaldehyde gas in the lab is one of the grand challenges hindering research efforts. Formaldehyde was introduced into the gaseous phase by aerating the required air flowrate through a diluted formaldehyde solution mixed with methanol as a stabilizer by a bubbler. However, achieving stable gaseous influent concentrations of formaldehyde was challenging since it polymerizes while volatilizing. Resulting in paraformaldehyde. The resulting white powder clogged the pipes and generated uneven gaseous concentrations. To solve this problem, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was added with a phosphate buffer to the aqueous formaldehyde solution to maintain the pH between 7.00-7.20. Additionally, the aqueous solution needed to be heated at 60℃ to eliminate the polymerization. The exhausted formaldehyde by volatilization was replaced by a continuous supply of aqueous diluted formaldehyde solution to keep the volume and mass of the aqueous solution and formaldehyde constant, respectively. Stable gaseous concentration was achieved for extended periods of time and verified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

Anatomical aspects of the forearm muscles of Myrmecophaga tridactyla

The giant anteater is one of the species classified as vulnerable to extinction. Burning and being run over are among important causes in the decrease of individuals of this species and a better knowledge of the anatomy of these animals can contribute to the treatment of injured animals and their restoration to the environment. Thus, the objective of this work was to describe aspects of the anatomy of the muscles of the forearm of M. tridactyla. For this purpose, six adult specimens were used, three females and three males. The corpses were fixed with a 10% formaldehyde solution and preserved in vats contai-ning the same solution. The thoracic limbs were dissected by routine dissection techniques. The forearm muscles of M. tridac-tyla were: brachioradialis; radial carpal extensor; common finger extensor; lateral finger extensor, ulnar carpal extensor; finger extensor I and II; long abductor of finger I; supinator, radial carpal flexor; ulnar flexor of the carpus, superficial flexor of the fingers, deep flexor of the fingers, pronator teres and square pronator, which were innervated by the radial, ulnar and median nerves. These muscles give a large volume to the forearm, are robust and have highly developed tendons, especially those invol-ved with the flexion of the carpus, digits and elbow, actions that are fundamental to your defense habits and search for food.