An Adrenergic Nervous System in Sea Anemones

1963 ◽  
Vol s3-104 (68) ◽  
pp. 531-534
Author(s):  
ERIK DAHL ◽  
BENGT FALCK ◽  
CLAES VON MECKLENBURG ◽  
HARRY MYHRBERG
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
New Method ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Fluorescent Substance ◽  
Metridium Senile ◽  
Adrenergic Nervous System ◽  
Oral Disk

A new method for the demonstration of certain mono-amines by means of fluorescence microscopy was applied to the tentacles and oral disk of the sea anemones Metridium senile and Tealia felina. A fluorescent substance was found in the cells and fibres of the tentacular ectodermal nervous system. This nervous system probably has a double sensory and motor function.

A Comparison of the Nervous Systems of two Sea-Anemones, Calliactis parasitica and Metridium senile

1961 ◽  
Vol s3-102 (59) ◽  
pp. 319-326
Author(s):  
ELAINE A. ROBSON
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Nerve Net ◽  
Metridium Senile ◽  
Calliactis Parasitica

The properties of the actinian nervous system are known mainly from physiological experiments on Calliactis parasitica (Couch), and from histological work on Metridium senile (L.). The structure of the nerve-net in the mesenteries of Calliactis is now shown to resemble in general that in Metridium. Methylene blue stains a network of bipolar cells over the retractor muscle, together with sense-cells, and unlike Metridium, multipolar nerve-cells. The nerve-net over the radial surface of the mesentery is similarly much sparser. The distribution of nerve-cells and sense-cells in the column also resembles that in Metridium. Experiments on Metridium show that as in Calliactis, the rate of conduction in the mesenteries is greater than in other parts of the anemone. The column, including the sphincter region, conducts more slowly. It is thus shown that the presence of a well developed nerve-net over the retractors is associated with the development of fast tracts in the through-conduction system, and of rapid, facilitated contractions of the retractor muscles, in both species of anemone.

scholarly journals Leap Motion Controller Video Game-Based Therapy for Upper Extremity Motor Recovery in Patients with Central Nervous System Diseases. A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2065
Author(s):  
Irene Cortés-Pérez ◽  
Noelia Zagalaz-Anula ◽  
Desirée Montoro-Cárdenas ◽  
Rafael Lomas-Vega ◽  
Esteban Obrero-Gaitán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Leap Motion ◽  
Motion Controller ◽  
Motor Dexterity ◽  
Quality Evidence

Leap Motion Controller (LMC) is a virtual reality device that can be used in the rehabilitation of central nervous system disease (CNSD) motor impairments. This review aimed to evaluate the effect of video game-based therapy with LMC on the recovery of upper extremity (UE) motor function in patients with CNSD. A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed in PubMed Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and PEDro. We included five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with CNSD in which LMC was used as experimental therapy compared to conventional therapy (CT) to restore UE motor function. Pooled effects were estimated with Cohen’s standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). At first, in patients with stroke, LMC showed low-quality evidence of a large effect on UE mobility (SMD = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.47, 1.45). In combination with CT, LMC showed very low-quality evidence of a large effect on UE mobility (SMD = 1.34; 95% CI = 0.49, 2.19) and the UE mobility-oriented task (SMD = 1.26; 95% CI = 0.42, 2.10). Second, in patients with non-acute CNSD (cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease), LMC showed low-quality evidence of a medium effect on grip strength (GS) (SMD = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.90) and on gross motor dexterity (GMD) (SMD = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.28, 1.17) in the most affected UE. In combination with CT, LMC showed very low-quality evidence of a high effect in the most affected UE on GMD (SMD = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.06, 1.15) and fine motor dexterity (FMD) (SMD = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.07, 1.57). In stroke, LMC improved UE mobility and UE mobility-oriented tasks, and in non-acute CNSD, LMC improved the GS and GMD of the most affected UE and FMD when it was used with CT.

Synaptosomal [125I]triiodothyronine after intravenous [125I]thyroxine.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (6) ◽  
pp. E638
Author(s):  
M B Dratman ◽  
F L Crutchfield
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Brain Uptake ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Adrenergic Nervous System ◽  
Brain Cytosol

We administered [125I]thyroxine intravenously to adult male rats and measured uptake and subcellular distribution of the hormone and its metabolites in brain. Fractional brain uptake decreased after a large dose of iodothyronine, providing evidence for saturability of the uptake mechanism. Well-defined patterns of regional and subcellular labeling were noted within 1 h after [125I]thyroxine injection. Radioactivity in synaptosomes was always greater than in any other particle separated per gram of brain, increasing linearly relative to radioactivity in brain cytosol during the 1st h. Although [125I]triiodothyronine derived from [125I]thyroxine was not identified in serum at any time interval, it was measurable in synaptosomes within 20 min and in brain cytosol within 1 h after labeled hormone administration. Concentrations of the radioactive metabolite were twofold greater and ratios of [125I]triiodothyronine to [125I]thyroxine concentration were threefold greater in synaptosomes than in cytosol. Therefore, thyroxine may be converted to triiodothyronine within nerve terminals. Synaptosomal localization of iodothyronines and their metabolites may be relevant to the marked central and peripheral adrenergic nervous system effects of these aromatic amino acid hormones.

Synthesis of high-specific-radioactivity 4- and 6-[18F]fluorometaraminol- PET tracers for the adrenergic nervous system of the heart

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Langer ◽  
Frédéric Dollé ◽  
Héric Valette ◽  
Christer Halldin ◽  
Françoise Vaufrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Pet Tracers ◽  
High Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Adrenergic Nervous System

scholarly journals Innovative aspects of I.P. Pavlov’s scientific and pedagogical activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-321
Author(s):  
Lena Chugunow
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
New Method ◽  
Scientific Creativity ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
Scientific Doctrine ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Collective Thinking

Formation and development of Pavlov’s scientific ideas are traced in the historical objective material of Pavlov’s school. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was a brilliant organizer of collective scientific work. His innovation was represented in famous «Pavlov’s Wednesdays», organized in 1922. «Pavlov’s Wednesdays» is not only the document of the physiologist’s thinking process about the higher nervous system in its highest phase of development and informative complex of his scientific doctrine – it is a new method of scientific creativity – «collective thinking».

Biochemical Genetic Variation, Growth and Regeneration of the Sea Anemone, Metridium, of British Shores

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Bucklin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Metridium Senile ◽  
Genetic Differentiation Of Populations ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Enormous Number ◽  
Interesting System

Sessile organisms capable of asexual reproduction may be expected to show much genetic differentiation among local populations: mating between distant individuals is unlikely and genetic drift will contribute to differentiation since habitats can be colonized by one or a few individuals. This study investigates genetic differentiation of populations of the sea anemone Metridium senile (L.) in Great Britain. Individuals of M. senile are sessile and reproduce both sexually, by free-spawning of gametes, and asexually, by regeneration of fragments torn from the pedal disc. Metridium senile is one of the most common and widespread of British sea anemones (Manuel, 1981); reports place it at an enormous number and variety of sites around Britian (unpublished results of surveys by the Underwater Conservation Society of the United Kingdom). The extensive geographic range and variability of the species have confounded attempts to determine the taxonomic status of the ecological and morphological forms, but make it an interesting system for genetic analysis.

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