scholarly journals In vivo analysis of partitioning of cardiac output between systemic and central venous sinus circuits in rainbow trout: a new approach using chronic cannulation of the branchial vein

1988 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ishimatsu ◽  
G. K. Iwama ◽  
N. Heisler
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Venous Sinus ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Plasma Skimming ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Chronic Cannulation

Freshwater-acclimated rainbow trout were chronically and non-occlusively cannulated in the dorsal aorta (DA), sinus venosus (SV) and branchial vein (BV), the latter returning the blood perfusing the central venous sinus (CVS) of the gill after being shunted away from the systemic circuit. After recovery, blood samples from these three sites were analysed for haematocrit (Hct) and [Hb]. Branchial venous blood was found to have considerably lower Hct and [Hb] (Hct = 3.5 +/− 3.1%; [Hb] = 1.04 +/− 0.75 g 100 ml-1) than systemic blood (DA: Hct = 24.3 +/− 8.9%, [Hb] = 6.54 +/− 2.90 g 100 ml-1; SV: Hct = 23.1 +/− 8.8%, [Hb] = 6.15 +/− 2.55 g 100 ml-1; means +/− S.D. N = 8), which strongly suggests that plasma skimming occurred at arteriovenous anastomoses and arterioles draining into the CVS. The partitioning of cardiac output, calculated on the basis of the [Hb] data, showed that the systemic flow accounted for 93 +/− 4.6% (N = 7) of the total cardiac output with only 7 +/− 4.7% of cardiac output being diverted into the CVS, thus bypassing the systemic vasculature. Previous results using in vitro experiments are compared with the present data in an evaluation of the usefulness of the isolated perfused gill and head preparations in the experimental analysis of circulatory physiology in fish gills.

scholarly journals Drosophila Hormone Receptor 38 Functions in Metamorphosis: A Role in Adult Cuticle Formation

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1465-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kozlova ◽  
G V Pokholkova ◽  
G Tzertzinis ◽  
J D Sutherland ◽  
I F Zhimulev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
P Element ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Orphan Receptors ◽  
Mrna Isoforms ◽  
A Cell ◽  
In Vivo Analysis

Abstract DHR38 is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily in Drosophila homologous to the vertebrate NGFI-B-type orphan receptors. In addition to binding to specific response elements as a monomer, DHR38 interacts with the USP component of the ecdysone receptor complex in vitro, in yeast and in a cell line, suggesting that DHR38 might modulate ecdysone-triggered signals in the fly. We characterized the molecular structure and expression of the Dhr38 gene and initiated an in vivo analysis of its function(s) in development. The Dhr38 transcription unit spans more than 40 kb in length, includes four introns, and produces at least four mRNA isoforms differentially expressed in development; two of these are greatly enriched in the pupal stage and encode nested polypeptides. We characterized four alleles of Dhr38: a P-element enchancer trap line, l(2)02306, which shows exclusively epidermal staining in the late larval, pre-pupal and pupal stages, and three EMS-induced alleles. Dhr38 alleles cause localized fragility and rupturing of the adult cuticle, demonstrating that Dhr38 plays an important role in late stages of epidermal metamorphosis.

The procoagulant effects of factor V Leiden may be balanced against decreased levels of factor V and do not reflect in vivo thrombin formation in newborns

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (03) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Hyytiäinen ◽  
Ulla Wartiovaara-Kautto ◽  
Veli-Matti Ulander ◽  
Risto Kaaja ◽  
Markku Heikinheimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Cord Plasma ◽  
Adult Plasma ◽  
Thrombin Formation

SummaryThrombin regulation in newborns remains incompletely understood.We studied tissue factor-initiated thrombin formation in cord plasma in vitro, and the effects of Factor VLeiden (FVL) heterozygosity on thrombin regulation both in vitro and in vivo in newborns. Pregnant women with known thrombophilia (n=27) were enrolled in the study. Cord blood and venous blood at the age of 14 days were collected from 11 FVL heterozygous newborns (FVL-positive) and from 16 FVL-negative newborns. Prothrombin fragment F1+2 and coagulation factors were measured. Tissue factor-initiated thrombin formation was studied in cord platelet-poor plasma (PPP) of FVL-negative and -positive newborns, and in both PPP and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of healthy controls. The endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) in cord PPP or PRP was ∼60% of that in adult plasma, while thrombin formation started ∼55% and ∼40% earlier in cord PPP and PRP, respectively. Further, in FVL-positive newborns thrombin formation started significantly earlier than in FVL-negative newborns. Exogenous activated protein C (APC) decreased ETP significantly more in cord than in adult PRP. In FVL-negative cord plasma 5nM APC decreased ETP by 17.4±3.5% (mean±SEM) compared with only 3.5±3.8% in FVL-positive cord plasma (p=0.01). FVL-positive newborns showed similar levels of F1+2 but significantly decreased levels of factor V compared with FVL negative newborns both in cord plasma (FV 0.82±0.07 U/ml vs. 0.98±0.05 U/ml, p=0.03) and at the age of two weeks (FV 1.15±0.04 U/ml vs. 1.32±0.05 U/ml, p=0.03). In conclusion, newborn plasma showed more rapid thrombin formation and enhanced sensitivity to APC compared with adult plasma. FVL conveyed APC resistance and a procoagulant effect in newborn plasma. Lack of elevated F1+2 levels in FVL-positive infants, however, suggested the existence of balancing mechanisms; one could be the observed lower level of factor V in FVL heterozygous newborns.

In Vivo and In Vitro Debromination of Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE 209) by Juvenile Rainbow Trout and Common Carp

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (15) ◽  
pp. 4653-4658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Stapleton ◽  
Brian Brazil ◽  
R. David Holbrook ◽  
Carys L. Mitchelmore ◽  
Rae Benedict ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Decabromodiphenyl Ether ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Bde 209

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo evaluation of diamond-coated strips

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Lione ◽  
Francesca Gazzani ◽  
Chiara Pavoni ◽  
Stefano Guarino ◽  
Vincenzo Tagliaferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Point ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Tribological Test ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Abrasive Grains ◽  
Abrasive Power ◽  
In Vivo Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To test in vitro and in vivo the wear performance of diamond-coated strips by means of tribological testing and scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: To evaluate the in vitro wear performance, a tribological test was performed by a standard tribometer. The abrasive strips slid against stationary, freshly extracted premolars fixed in resin blocks, at a 2-newton load. At the end of the tribological test, the residual surface of the strip was observed by means of SEM analysis, which was performed every 50 meters until reaching 300 meters. For the in vivo analysis, the strip was used for 300 seconds, corresponding to 250 meters. Results: The strips presented a fenestrated structure characterized by diamond granules alternating with voids. After the first 50 meters, it was possible to observe tooth material deposited on the surface of the strips and a certain number of abrasive grains detached. The surface of the strip after 250 meters appeared smoother and therefore less effective in its abrasive power. After 300 seconds of in vivo utilization of the strip, it was possible to observe the detachment of diamond abrasive grains, the near absence of the grains and, therefore, loss of abrasive power. Conclusions: Under ideal conditions, after 5 minutes (300 meters) of use, the strip loses its abrasive capacity by about 60%. In vivo, a more rapid loss of abrasive power was observed due to the greater load applied by the clinician in forcing the strip into the contact point.

The control of trophoblastic growth in the guinea pig

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-418
Author(s):  
E. B. Ilgren
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vivo Analysis

The growth of mouse trophectoderm depends upon the presence of the inner cell mass. Whether this applies to other species of mammals is not known. To investigate this problem, the guinea pig was selected for two reasons. Firstly, the growth of guinea-pig trophoblast resembles that of man. Secondly, earlier studies suggest that the proliferation of guinea-pig trophectoderm may not be under ICM control. Therefore, in the present study, the guinea-pig blastocyst was cut microsurgically to yield two tissue fragments. These contained roughly equal numbers of trophectodermal cells, one fragment being composed only of trophectoderm and the other containing ICM tissue as well. Subsequently, the growth of these mural and polar fragments was followed in vitro since numerous technical difficulties make an in vivo analysis of this problem impracticable. In a manner similar to the mouse, the isolated mural trophectoderm of the guinea pig stopped dividing and became giant. In contrast, guinea-pig polar fragments formed egg-cylinder-like structures. The latter contained regions structurally similar to two presumptive polar trophectodermal derivatives namely the ectoplacental and extraembryonic ectodermal tissues. These findings suggest that guinea-pig trophectodermal growth may occur in a manner similar to the mouse and thus be under ICM control.

scholarly journals Structure Based Design and Synthesis of Peptide Inhibitor of Human LOX-12: In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of a Novel Therapeutic Agent for Breast Cancer

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e32521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay kumar Singh ◽  
Ratnakar Singh ◽  
Farhat Naz ◽  
Shyam Singh Chauhan ◽  
Amit Dinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Peptide Inhibitor ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Novel Therapeutic
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document