Interactions between Ion Exchange and Metabolism in Erythrocytes of the Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

1991 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. TUFTS ◽  
R. G. BOUTILIER
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Sodium Potassium Pump ◽  
Ouabain Inhibition ◽  
The Relationship

Experiments were carried out to investigate the relationship between ion exchange and energy metabolism in rainbow trout erythrocytes in vitro. Under resting conditions, the sodium/potassium pump accounts for 20 % of the cellular energy budget. In the presence of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, however, this increases to 43 %. Inhibition of the sodium/potassium pump with ouabain results in greater increases in erythrocyte water content and sodium and chloride concentrations and a greater decrease in erythrocyte potassium concentration following stimulation by isoproterenol. Moreover, the decrease in erythrocyte NTP levels observed following adrenergic stimulation does not occur when the sodium/potassium pump is inhibited with ouabain. Inhibition of the sodium/potassium pump also abolishes the increase in oxygen consumption by the cells which normally takes place following adrenergic stimulation. Finally, depletion of erythrocyte NTP levels by the sodium ionophore monensin or by previous incubation with nitrogen does not result in a significant increase in oxygen consumption. Thus, catecholamines appear to be crucial for the metabolic-membrane coupling that occurs following adrenergic stimulation in rainbow trout erythrocytes.

scholarly journals GLUCOSE METABOLISM BY SEA RAVEN (HEMITRIPTERUS AMERICANUS) AND RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) ERYTHROCYTES

1994 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sephton ◽  
W Driedzic
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Glucose Disappearance ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Sea Raven ◽  
Extracellular Glucose ◽  
14Co2 Production ◽  
Hemitripterus Americanus

The fate of extracellular glucose in blood isolated from sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus) and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) was determined. In blood from both species incubated in vitro at low physiological pH, the decrease in plasma glucose concentration was more than adequate to support oxygen consumption. Glucose disappearance could not be accounted for by increases in lactate, red blood cell (RBC) glucose or RBC glycogen concentrations. Rates of 14CO2 production from [6-14C]glucose over a 2 h incubation period were less than 1 % of metabolic rate. Only small amounts of label appeared in RBC protein, lipid or glycogen fractions relative to metabolic rates, but label accumulated in the intracellular acid-soluble fraction (presumably free glucose, glycolytic intermediates, amino acids, citric acid cycle intermediates, etc.) at rates consistent with oxygen consumption and glucose disappearance. The simplest explanation for the mismatch between 14CO2 production and the other estimates of metabolic rate is that incubation times were too short for equilibration to occur. A consequence is that studies of this nature cannot use 14CO2 production to elucidate rates of aerobic fuel utilization. By default, the data imply that glucose serves as a primary aerobic metabolic fuel for the RBCs, at least under some conditions.

scholarly journals Time course of red blood cell intracellular pH recovery following short-circuiting in relation to venous transit times in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (2) ◽  
pp. R397-R407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till S. Harter ◽  
Alexandra G. May ◽  
William J. Federspiel ◽  
Claudiu T. Supuran ◽  
Colin J. Brauner
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Athletic Ability

Accumulating evidence is highlighting the importance of a system of enhanced hemoglobin-oxygen (Hb-O2) unloading for cardiovascular O2 transport in teleosts. Adrenergically stimulated sodium-proton exchangers (β-NHE) create H+ gradients across the red blood cell (RBC) membrane that are short-circuited in the presence of plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase (paCA) at the tissues; the result is a large arterial-venous pH shift that greatly enhances O2 unloading from pH-sensitive Hb. However, RBC intracellular pH (pHi) must recover during venous transit (31–90 s) to enable O2 loading at the gills. The halftimes ( t1/2) and magnitudes of RBC β-adrenergic stimulation, short-circuiting with paCA and recovery of RBC pHi, were assessed in vitro, on rainbow trout whole blood, and using changes in closed-system partial pressure of O2 as a sensitive indicator for changes in RBC pHi. In addition, the recovery rate of RBC pHi was assessed in a continuous-flow apparatus that more closely mimics RBC transit through the circulation. Results indicate that: 1) the t1/2 of β-NHE short-circuiting is likely within the residence time of blood in the capillaries, 2) the t1/2 of RBC pHi recovery is 17 s and within the time of RBC venous transit, and 3) after short-circuiting, RBCs reestablish the initial H+ gradient across the membrane and can potentially undergo repeated cycles of short-circuiting and recovery. Thus, teleosts have evolved a system that greatly enhances O2 unloading from pH-sensitive Hb at the tissues, while protecting O2 loading at the gills; the resulting increase in O2 transport per unit of blood flow may enable the tremendous athletic ability of salmonids.

Adrenergic stimulation of glycolysis without change in glycolytic enzyme binding in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocytes

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 950-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn H. Sephton ◽  
William R. Driedzic
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Enzyme Binding ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Cell Membrane Binding ◽  
Stimulation Of

Whole blood from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was incubated in vitro with pharmacological levels of isoproterenol. The adrenergic stimulation of glycolysis in erythrocytes (RBCs) was assessed by monitoring the rate of 14C incorporation from [6-14C]-glucose into the acid-soluble RBC fraction. During a 3-h in vitro incubation, incorporation of label into the acid-soluble RBC fraction of isoproterenol-treated whole blood (0.25 ± 0.04 μmol glucose∙mL−1 RBC∙h−1) was higher than into untreated blood (0.08 ± 0.01 μmol glucose∙mL−1 RBC∙h−1). The percentage of cell membrane binding for phosphofructokinase, aldolase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ranged from 17 to 35% and was not altered by adrenergic stimulation. Adrenergic stimulation activates glycolysis in rainbow trout RBCs but not through the modulation of enzyme binding.

Elemental signatures in otoliths of hatchery rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): distinctiveness and utility for detecting origins and movement

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Gibson-Reinemer ◽  
Brett M. Johnson ◽  
Patrick J. Martinez ◽  
Dana L. Winkelman ◽  
Alan E. Koenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ambient Levels

Otolith chemistry in freshwater has considerable potential to reveal patterns of origin and movement, which would benefit traditional fisheries management and provide a valuable tool to curb the spread of invasive and illicitly stocked species. We evaluated the relationship between otolith and water chemistry for five markers (Ba/Ca, Mn/Ca, Sr/Ca, Zn/Ca, and 87Sr/86Sr) in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) using the existing hatchery system in Colorado and Wyoming, USA, to provide controlled, seminatural conditions. Otolith Ba/Ca, Sr/Ca, and 87Sr/86Sr reflected ambient levels, whereas Mn/Ca and Zn/Ca did not. Using only the markers correlated with water chemistry, we classified fish to their hatchery of origin with up to 96% accuracy when element and isotope data were used together. Large changes in 87Sr/86Sr were evident in otolith transects, although subtler changes in Sr/Ca were also detectable. Our results suggest the relatively few otolith markers that reflect ambient chemistry can discriminate among locations and track movements well enough to provide valuable insight in a variety of applied contexts.

Inter-tissue differences in mitochondrial enzyme activity, RNA and DNA in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (24) ◽  
pp. 3377-3384 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Leary ◽  
B. J. Battersby ◽  
C. D. Moyes
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Mitochondrial Rna ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzyme ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
The Relationship

We examined whether the relationships between mitochondrial enzyme activity, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) were conserved in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues that differ widely in their metabolic and molecular organization. The activity of citrate synthase (CS), expressed either per gram of tissue or per milligram of total DNA, indicated that these tissues (blood, brain, kidney, liver,cardiac, red and white muscles) varied more than 100-fold in mitochondrial content. Several-fold differences in the levels of CS mRNA per milligram of DNA and CS activity per CS mRNA were also observed, suggesting that fundamental differences exist in the regulation of CS levels across tissues. Although tissues varied 14-fold in RNA g-1, poly(A+) RNA (mRNA)was approximately 2 % of total RNA in all tissues. DNA g-1 also varied 14-fold across tissues, but RNA:DNA ratios varied only 2.5-fold. The relationship between two mitochondrial mRNA species (COX I, ATPase VI) and one mitochondrial rRNA (16S) species was constant across tissues. The ratio of mtRNA to mtDNA was also preserved across most tissues; red and white muscle had 10- to 20-fold lower levels of mtDNA g-1 but 7- to 10-fold higher mtRNA:mtDNA ratios, respectively. Collectively, these data suggest that the relationship between mitochondrial parameters is highly conserved across most tissues, but that skeletal muscles differ in a number of important aspects of respiratory gene expression ('respiratory genes'include genes located on mtDNA and genes located in the nucleus that encode mitochondrial protein) and mtDNA transcriptional regulation.

Estrogenic activity of multicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in vitro assays

2019 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Kolanczyk ◽  
Jeffrey S. Denny ◽  
Barbara R. Sheedy ◽  
Patricia K. Schmieder ◽  
Mark A. Tapper
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

The relationship between emergence from spawning gravel and growth in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Å. Andersson ◽  
D. C. Laursen ◽  
P. I. M. Silva ◽  
E. Höglund
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Vimentin in a cold-water fish, the rainbow trout: highly conserved primary structure but unique assembly properties

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Herrmann ◽  
M.D. Munick ◽  
M. Brettel ◽  
B. Fouquet ◽  
J. Markl
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Intermediate Filament ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Filamentous Form ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Bona Fide

We have isolated from a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spleen cDNA library a clone coding for vimentin. The deduced amino acid sequence reveals a high degree of identity with vimentin from carp (81%), frog (71%), chick and human (73% each). Large stretches in the central alpha-helical rod are identical within all four classes of vertebrates, but in 17 residues spread over the entire rod, the two fish differ distinctly from the tetrapod species. In addition, in the more diverged non-helical head domain, a nonapeptide motif previously shown to be important for regular filament formation is conserved. Recombinant trout vimentin assembles into bona fide filaments in vitro, with a temperature optimum between 18 and 24 degrees C. Above 27 degrees C, however, filament assembly is abruptly abolished and short filaments with thickened ends as well as structures without typical intermediate filament appearance are formed. This distinguishes its assembly properties significantly from amphibian, avian and mammalian vimentin. Also in vivo, after cDNA transfection into vimentin-free mammalian epithelial cells, trout vimentin does not form typical intermediate filament arrays at 37 degrees C. At 28 degrees C, and even more pronounced at 22 degrees C, the vimentin-positive material in the transfected cells is reorganized in the perinuclear region with a partial fibrillar appearance, but typical intermediate filament arrays are not formed. Together with immunoblotting and immunolocalization data from trout tissues, where vimentin is predominantly found in glial and white blood cells, we conclude that vimentin is indeed important in its filamentous form in fish and other vertebrates, possibly fulfilling cellular functions not directly evident in gene targeting experiments carried out in mice.

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