scholarly journals Effect of density and species preferences on collective choices: an experimental study on maggot aggregation behaviours

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (6) ◽  
pp. jeb233791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Fouche ◽  
Valery Hedouin ◽  
Damien Charabidze
Keyword(s):  
Larval Density ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Developmental Niche ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Species Preferences

ABSTRACTCollective decisions have been extensively studied in arthropods, but they remain poorly understood in heterospecific groups. This study was designed to (1) assess the collective behaviours of blow fly larvae (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in groups varying in density and species composition, and (2) relate them to the costs and benefits of aggregating on fresh or decomposed food. First, experiments testing conspecific groups of Lucilia sericata and Calliphora vicina larvae, two species feeding at the same time on fresh carcasses, demonstrated decreases in growth and survival on rotten beef liver compared with fresh liver. However, mixing species together reduced this adverse impact of decomposition by increasing the mass of emerged adults. Second, larval groups were observed in binary choice tests between fresh and rotten liver (i.e. optimal and sub-optimal food sources). The results showed that larvae interacted with each other and that these interactions influenced their food preferences. We observed that (1) larvae were able to collectively choose the optimal food, (2) their choice accuracy increased with larval density and (3) the presence of another species induced a reversal in larval preference towards rotten food. These results highlight the ubiquity of collective decision properties in gregarious insects. They also reveal an unexpected effect of interspecific association, suggesting the colonization of new resources through a developmental niche construction.

A crossover design to assess feeding preferences in terrestrial isopods: A case study in a Mediterranean species

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Montesanto ◽  
Sofia Cividini
Keyword(s):  
Food Preferences ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Terrestrial Isopods

AbstractA crossover design was used to study food preferences and capability of nutritional acclimation to different food sources in terrestrial isopods, which live in xeric environments, by using

Relationship of larval density and heterozygosity to growth and survival of juvenile marbled salamanders (Ambystoma opacum)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C. Chazal ◽  
John D. Krenz ◽  
David E. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Ambystoma Opacum ◽  
Size At Metamorphosis ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Marbled Salamander ◽  
Relationship Of

Intraspecific competition and enzyme variability have been observed to influence the bioenergetics of many organisms. In amphibians, larval growth affects body size at metamorphosis, which in turn can lead to differences in adult survival and fecundity. We manipulated larval density in a population of the marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum, and measured body size and enzyme variability in surviving newly metamorphosed juveniles. Crowded larval conditions resulted in lower survival and smaller body sizes at metamorphosis. Multilocus heterozygosity showed no relation to body size at high larval densities; however, at low larval densities relatively homozygous animals were larger. There was a significant interaction between heterozygosity and larval density in their effects on larval traits. Competition had a greater effect on body size at metamorphosis than did heterozygosity. Survival may be enhanced by heterozygosity but in a manner unrelated to body size.

scholarly journals CONSUMO DE RESÍDUOS AGRÍCOLAS E URBANOS PELO DIPLÓPODE Trigoniulus corallinus

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando De Sousa Antunes ◽  
Rafael Nogueira Scoriza ◽  
Dione Galvão da Silva ◽  
Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Banana Tree ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Potential Food

Os diplópodes são capazes de ingerir serapilheira parcialmente decomposta, transformando-a em matéria orgânica que enriquece o solo. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar potenciais fontes alimentares dos diplópodes da espécie Trigoniulus corallinus em laboratório fornecendo diferentes resíduos na forma de serrapilheira não decomposta, por um período de dez dias. Os resíduos utilizados neste experimento (todos senescentes) foram: aparas de grama batatais; folhas de gliricídia; de flemingia; de pata de vaca; de bananeira, além de um resíduo industrializado, neste caso, pedaços de papelão picado. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com dez repetições. Ao final de dez dias foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: massa seca do resíduo restante da alimentação dos diplópodes, massa seca dos coprólitos e mortalidade dos diplópodes. A mensuração das taxas de consumo dos diplópodes mostraram-se diferentes entre os tratamentos, sendo as maiores taxas observadas para as folhas de flemingia (25,4 %) seguido pelas folhas de gliricídia (21,2 %). A massa de coprólitos gerados foi maior a partir dos resíduos de flemingia (0,214 g) e foi ausente na presença de papelão e gliricídia. Observou-se 100% de mortalidade dos diplópodes após o consumo de folhas de gliricídia. Depreende-se dos resultados que diplópodes da espécie T. corallinus são capazes de ingerir resíduos pobres em nutrientes, porém exibem nitidamente preferência alimentar por resíduos que contenham maiores teores de nutrientes.Palavras-chave: gongolos, compostagem, agricultura orgânica. CONSUMPTION OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN WASTES BY THE DIPLOPODA Trigoniulus corallinus  ABSTRACT: Diplopods are able to ingest litter partially decomposed, transforming them into organic matter that enrich the soil. This work aimed to evaluate potential food sources of the dipropods of the specie Trigoniulus corallinus in the laboratory providing different residues in the form of non - decomposed litter for a period of ten days. The residues used in this experiment (all senescent) were: batatais grass cuttings; Gliricidia leaves; of Flemingia; of cow's foot; of banana tree, in addition to an industrialized residue, in this case pieces of cardboard. The design was completely randomized, with ten replications. At the end of ten days, the following parameters were evaluated: dry mass of the remaining diplopods feed, dry mass of coprolites and mortality of diplopods. The measurement of the consumption rates of the diplopods were different among the treatments, with the highest rates observed for the leaves of flemingia (25.4%) followed by the leaves of gliricidia (21.2%). The mass of generated coprolites was higher from the flemingia residues (0.214 g) and was absent in the presence of cardboard and gliricidia. It was observed 100% mortality of the diplopods after consumption of gliricidia leaves. It appears from the results that dipropods of T. corallinus species are able to ingest nutrient-poor residues, but clearly exhibit their food preferences for residues containing higher nutrient contents.Keywords: millipedes, composting, organic agriculture. 

scholarly journals Ketahanan Pangan Keluarga Orang Rimba Selatan Taman Nasional Bukit Dua Belas Jambi: Studi Mikroetnografi Keluarga Njalo Dalam Menghadapi Pandemik

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Adi Prasetijo ◽  
Kristiawan John ◽  
Dwi Sutiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Industrial Plantation ◽  
Food Needs

The Orang Rimba are a hunting-gathering group that lives depending on the availability of the forest. Forests not only function as livelihoods but also have cultural significance as a resource for their cultural traditions. However, in the last few decades, forest conversion in Jambi province has increased. The increased function of forests in Jambi from forests as plantation areas, mining areas and industrial plantation forest areas has made the lives of the Orang Rimba as a hunting-gathering group increasingly threatened. Food security is a condition in which all people, at any time, have access both physically, socially, and economically to adequate, safe, and nutritious food which can meet food needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Through the micro ethnography approach, the purpose of this paper is to know and understand the phenomenon of food security from the perspective of the Orang Rimba as seen from its availability, adequacy, affordability, and security. Orang Rimba have food security by relying on food sources available in the forest. In a state of urgency they will return to the forest.

scholarly journals Same length, different shapes: ants collectively choose a straight foraging path over a bent one

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 20180070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Bles ◽  
Thibault Boehly ◽  
Jean-Louis Deneubourg ◽  
Stamatios C. Nicolis
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Straight Path ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Pheromone Trail

In socials insects, exploration is fundamental for the discovery of food resources and determines decision-making. We investigated how the interplay between the physical characteristics of the paths leading to food sources and the way it impacts the behaviour of individual ants affects their collective decisions. Colonies of different sizes of Lasius niger had access to two equal food sources through two paths of equal length but of different geometries: one was straight between the nest and the food source, and the other involved an abrupt change of direction at the midway point (135°). Both food sources were discovered simultaneously, but the food source at the end of the straight path was preferentially exploited by ants. Based on experimental and theoretical results, we show that a significantly shorter duration of nestbound travel on the straight path, which rapidly leads to a stronger pheromone trail, is at the origin of this preference.

scholarly journals What Is the Carcass-Usage Mode of the Collembola? A Case Study of Entomobrya proxima in the Laboratory

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichao Feng ◽  
Liang Chang ◽  
Shaoqing Zhang ◽  
Xinyu Zhu ◽  
Sina Adl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

Collembola display a variety of feeding habits, and prey on many types of food at different trophic levels in the soil. In most cases, their feeding selections are widely varied. In the interest of the food preferences of E. proxima, we attempted to confirm how the Collembola utilize food when feeding on carrion (unusual sources). Four different soil animals (with different stable isotope values and increasing trophic levels) were used to examine whether collembolans can use dead insects as a food resource in specific manners, depending on food preference. Our results demonstrated that the food preference of a collembolan changed significantly after feeding on insects with different feeding habits for 60 days. We found that stable isotope values (δ13C) of Entomobrya proxima approached those of the food sources. A large proportion of the diet (more than 50%) should directly consist of insect body parts, with the remainder consisting of indirectly used, mixed microorganisms naturally growing on animal food, such as fungi (Rhizopus sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp., and Aspergillus sp.) and bacteria (Bacillus sp1. and Bacillus sp2.). Based on this research, the food preference of collembolans is more focused on carcasses (dead insect bodies) than microorganisms during the animal-food decomposition process.

scholarly journals Food preferences of wild house-mice (Mus musculus L.)

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Rowe ◽  
A. Bradfield ◽  
R. Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Wild House Mice ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis

SummaryThe relative acceptance of various plain foods by wild house-mice (Mus musculus L.) was compared in laboratory choice tests. The palatability of glycerine and six oils, each included at 5% in pinhead oatmeal, was compared in a similar manner.The most favoured food was found to be whole canary seed (Phalaris canariensis). Pinhead oatmeal and wheat were also comparatively well accepted. Glycerine, corn oil, arachis oil and mineral oil were more palatable than either olive, linseed or cod-liver oils.The results of the choice tests are considered in relation to the use of poison baits for the control of free-living mice.

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