scholarly journals A test of altitude-related variation in aerobic metabolism of Andean birds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gutierrez-Pinto Natalia ◽  
Gustavo A. Londoño ◽  
Mark A. Chappell ◽  
Jay F. Storz
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Aerobic Metabolism ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Capacity ◽  
Elevational Variation ◽  
Broad Scale

Endotherms at high altitude face the combined challenges of cold and hypoxia. Cold increases thermoregulatory costs, and hypoxia may limit both thermogenesis and aerobic exercise capacity. Consequently, in comparisons between closely related highland and lowland taxa, we might expect to observe consistent differences in basal metabolism (BMR), maximal metabolism (MMR), and aerobic scope. Broad-scale comparative studies of birds reveal no association between BMR and native elevation, and altitude effects on MMR have not been investigated. We tested for altitude-related variation in aerobic metabolism in 10 Andean passerines representing five pairs of closely related species with contrasting elevational ranges. Mass-corrected BMR and MMR were significantly higher in most highland species relative to their lowland counterparts, but there was no uniform elevational trend across all pairs of species. Our results suggest that there is no simple explanation regarding the ecological and physiological causes of elevational variation in aerobic metabolism.

scholarly journals A test of altitude-related variation in aerobic metabolism of Andean birds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Gutierrez-Pinto ◽  
Gustavo A. Londoño ◽  
Mark A. Chappell ◽  
Jay F. Storz
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Aerobic Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Capacity ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
Broad Scale

AbstractEndotherms at high altitude face the combined challenges of cold and hypoxia. Cold increases thermoregulatory costs, and hypoxia may limit both thermogenesis and aerobic exercise capacity. Consequently, in comparisons between closely related highland and lowland taxa, we might expect to observe consistent differences in basal metabolism (BMR), maximal metabolism (MMR), and aerobic scope. Broad-scale comparative studies of birds reveal no association between BMR and native elevation, and altitude effects on MMR have not been investigated. We tested for altitude-related variation in aerobic metabolism in 10 Andean passerines representing five pairs of closely related species with contrasting elevational ranges. Mass-corrected BMR and MMR were significantly higher in most highland species relative to their lowland counterparts, but there was no uniform elevational trend across all pairs of species.Summary statementWe tested for altitude-related variation in aerobic metabolism in species pairs with contrasting elevational ranges. Metabolic rates were significantly higher in most highland species but there was no uniform elevational trend.

The Neurochemistry of Pair Bonding

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thomas Curtis ◽  
Zuoxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Human Biology ◽  
Pair Bonding ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Social Attachment ◽  
Recent Developments

The formation and maintenance of social attachments are fundamental to human biology. Because deficits in the ability to form such attachments are associated with a variety of psychological disorders, an understanding of the neural basis of social attachment may provide insights into the causes of such disorders. Comparative studies using several closely related species of voles that display different social organizations and behaviors have begun to provide important insights into the neurochemical events underlying social attachment. Here we review recent developments in the study of social attachment, focusing on the roles of specific neurochemical systems in pair-bond formation.

scholarly journals Genomic compatibility occurs over a wide range of parental genetic similarity in an outcrossing plant

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1570) ◽  
pp. 1333-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Willi ◽  
Josh Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Hybrid Breakdown ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broad Scale

The theory of inbreeding and outbreeding suggests that there is a hump-shaped relationship between the genetic similarity of sexually reproducing parents and the performance of their offspring. Inbreeding depression occurs when genetic similarity is high, whereas hybrid breakdown is expected when genetic similarity is low. Between these extremes, the effect of genetic similarity on fitness is unclear. We studied the shape of this relationship by crossing 65 target genotypes of the clonal, self-incompatible Ranunculus reptans with partner genotypes spanning a broad scale of genetic similarity, ranging from crosses within populations to between-population crosses and hybridisation with a closely related species. Offspring were raised in outdoor tubs. Results revealed a quadratic relationship between parental genetic distance and offspring performance, with the clonal component of fitness more strongly hump-shaped than the sexual component. Optimal genetic similarity encompassed a broad range of within-population and between-population crosses. This pattern of genomic compatibility has important implications for the evolution of mating systems and mate choice.

Comparative studies on Culex bitaeniorhynchus Giles (1901) and its tenax variant (Diptera: Culicidae) in Chandigarh, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-304
Author(s):  
Rani Ranjana ◽  
Kaur Sandeep ◽  
Kaur Sukhbir ◽  
Kaur Sagandeep
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
One Way Anova

During present investigations the detailed morphotaxonomic studies of Culex bitaeniorhychus revealed that it exists in two forms i.e typical and tenax in and around Chandigarh. Various intraspecific variations in the morphology and male genitalia were observed in both these forms. The main aim of this study is to distinguish these two forms of Cx. bitaeniorhynchus and their separation from other closely related species. The intraspecific variants of these forms have been studied further with respect to phallosome regions of the male genitalia. For assessing the significant differences among their phenotypic characteristics one–way ANOVA was done along with pair-wise comparisons of samples means. Some of the earlier workers have considered tenax form, a synonym of Cx. infula which is another closely related species of Cx. bitaeniorhynchus. But, on the basis of remarkable differences observed between tenax and infula, it is suggested that these two are separate taxons and should not be synonymised.

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