Orientational Movements of the Foot of Littorina Species in Relation to the Plane of Vibration of Polarized Light

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-224
Author(s):  
G. H. CHARLES
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Lens Aperture ◽  
Light Rays ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Littorina littoralis (L.), L. saxatilis (L.), L. neritoides (L.) and L. littorea (L.) responded to the plane of vibration (e vector) of polarized light directly incident upon their eyes in the virtual absence of any substrate reflexions. Photonegative winkles orientated parallel with the plane of vibration and photopositive individuals at right angles to this plane. 2. Decrease of the angle of incidence towards zero of polarized light rays incident upon the lens aperture of Littorina littoralis completely destroyed the ability to orientate to the plane of vibration. This can be explained on the basis of a Fresnel reflexion/refraction mechanism of orientation. 3. Unilaterally blinded Littorina littoralis gave just as good an orientation to vertical rays of polarized light as winkles with intact vision. 4. It is concluded that the eyes of Littorina species are capable of detecting the plane of vibration of polarized light directly incident from above by means of a Fresnel reflexion/refraction mechanism, and that orientation does not depend on balanced stimulation of the two eyes.

On resolving fine periodic microstructures in the optical microscope

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
W.S. Putnam ◽  
C. Viney
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Periodic Microstructures ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Materials

Many sheared liquid crystalline materials (fibers, films and moldings) exhibit a fine banded microstructure when observed in the polarized light microscope. In some cases, for example Kevlar® fiber, the periodicity is close to the resolution limit of even the highest numerical aperture objectives. The periodic microstructure reflects a non-uniform alignment of the constituent molecules, and consequently is an indication that the mechanical properties will be less than optimal. Thus it is necessary to obtain quality micrographs for characterization, which in turn requires that fine detail should contribute significantly to image formation.It is textbook knowledge that the resolution achievable with a given microscope objective (numerical aperture NA) and a given wavelength of light (λ) increases as the angle of incidence of light at the specimen surface is increased. Stated in terms of the Abbe resolution criterion, resolution improves from λ/NA to λ/2NA with increasing departure from normal incidence.

scholarly journals ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ДІЇ ПОЛІХРОМАТИЧНОГО ПОЛЯРИЗОВАНОГО СВІТЛА ПРИ УШКОДЖЕННЯХ ШКІРИ ВИСОКОЮ ТЕМПЕРАТУРОЮ

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Gulyar ◽  
Yu. I. Strelchenko ◽  
V. M. Jelskyj
Keyword(s):  
Process Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Wound Surface ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Secondary Alteration ◽  
Open Flame ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Inflammation Reaction ◽  
Stimulation Of

We developed a valid experimental model of dosed burn to study the influence of polarized light on burns, obtained from open flame, with a possibility of their basic parameters regulation. In the article there are characterized the expression and peculiarities of inflammation reaction process, development and dynamics of granulation growth and the process of burn wound epithelization. We observed polarized light positive influence on burn wound regeneration and speed of its healing. In particular, we singled out: derma depth alteration restriction and secondary alteration of skin tissues and sub muscles, activation of mechanisms, that restrict inflammation, fibroblasts proliferation increase, formation of granulations and neo-angiogenesis, stimulation of proliferation, keratinocytes' migration and wound surface epithelialization under the influence of polarized light. We singled out expressed antinociceptive, anti-stress and adaptive-stimulating effects of polarized light on central nervous system functional state at burns.

The thickness of the helium film

1951 ◽  
Vol 205 (1081) ◽  
pp. 270-285 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Liquid Helium ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Helium Film ◽  
Helium Ii ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Barium Stearate

A description is given of an optical method for the determination of the thickness of the helium II film. Linearly polarized light is reflected from a stainless steel mirror, the upper part of which is coated with a layer of barium stearate one molecule thick and the lower part with a similar layer three molecules thick. The reflected light passes through a mica compensating plate and a nicol prism. Adjustment of the mica plate and nicol gives equality of illumination on the ‘1’ and ‘3’ areas. If now a film of helium II covers the mirror the nicol must be rotated to restore equality of illumination. The rotation is a measure of the thickness of the helium film, the relation between the two quantities being calculated in terms of the angle of incidence and the optical constants of liquid helium, barium stearate and stainless steel. The observed thickness at any given height above the liquid helium was found to be nearly independent of the temperature between 1⋅1 and 2⋅18° K but then decreased rapidly to zero at the λ -point. In the formula d = k / h 1/ z for the thickness d at height h cm. for any given temperature, the value of z varies from 3⋅5 at 1⋅1° K to 2⋅5 at 2⋅1° K. The thickness at 1 cm. and 1⋅5° K is provisionally given as 1⋅9 x 10 -6 cm.

II. Geometrical optics of variable-frequency light rays in special relativistic and nonrelativistic situations:The general law of reflection

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 747-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
W T Chyla
Keyword(s):  
Coherent Scattering ◽  
Skin Depth ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Reflection Point ◽  
General Law ◽  
Light Rays ◽  
Relativistic Treatment ◽  
Angle Of Reflection

The general law of reflection concerns situations when the light ray undergoes a shift of frequency at the reflection point. For example, it governs reflection of light rays from a moving mirror (either in a vacuum or in a transparent medium), reflection from a motionless mirror coated with a layer of Raman-active molecules in the coherent-scattering regime, or external reflection of X-rays from the surface of a condensed matter sample, with partial dissipation of energy within the skin depth. The general law of reflection is derived from the extremum principle for propagation of variable-frequency light rays. It states that the angle of reflection depends not only on the angle of incidence but also on the frequency shift in the reflection point and dispersion of the refractive index of the medium in contact with the mirror. The compatibility of the general law of reflection and the special relativistic treatment of reflection is examined in detail. Applications of the new law of reflection are discussed in the special relativistic and the nonrelativistic regime. PACS Nos.: 42.15-i, 03.30+p

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ПОЛІХРОМАТИЧНОГО ПОЛЯРИЗОВАНОГО СВІТЛА В ПОЄДНАННІ З БЛИЖНІМ ІНФРАЧЕРВОНИМ ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯМ НА НЕЙРОГУМОРАЛЬНІ, ІМУННІ ТА ТКАНИННІ ЗМІНИ ПРИ ОПІКОВІЙ ТРАВМІ

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Gulyar ◽  
Yu. I. Strelchenko ◽  
V. M. Jelskii
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Wound Surface ◽  
Secondary Alteration ◽  
Open Flame ◽  
Central Nerve System ◽  
Nerve System ◽  
Stimulation Of

<p>We performed experimental studies on rats who received dosed influence by open flame on the skin. We observed polarized light positive influence on central nerve system functional state at burns. There activated anti-stress and adaptive stimulating mechanisms. We singled out, that under the influence of polarized light, there occurs accelerated restriction of derma depth alteration restriction and skin tissues secondary alteration and sub muscles. We singled out activation of mechanisms that restrict inflammation, fibroblasts proliferation increase. We observed it on the background of stimulation of granulations formation and neoangiogenesis, stimulation of keratocytes migration and wound surface epithelialization.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of ellipsometric parameters in the reflection of circularly polarized light from a thin anisotropic plate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (2) ◽  
pp. 022071
Author(s):  
V V Yatsyshen
Keyword(s):  
Anisotropic Plate ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Reflected Light

Abstract The article presents the results of the analysis of the angular spectra of the ellipsometric parameters of the reflected wave when a circularly polarized light wave is incident on an anisotropic plate. The given dependences show a very high sensitivity of the ellipsometric parameters of the reflected light on the angle of incidence and the angle between the optical axis and the normal to the plate boundary. The energy reflection spectra themselves show much less variability when these parameters change. It should be especially emphasized the nature of the change in the ellipsometric angle Δ, which is responsible for the type of elliptical polarization - when Δ> 0, the polarization is left-handed, and when Δ <0, it is right-handed. It is shown that a thin anisotropic plate at certain angles can serve as a polarization converter of the incident radiation. The ellipsometry parameter ρ characterizes the degree of compression of the ellipse - when ρ = 1, the ellipse is transformed into a circle, and the light is circularly polarized in this case. Thus, a thin anisotropic plate can not only convert left-handed polarization to right-handed, but it can also control the very shape of the polarization ellipse. Such a plate can be used in conjunction with a layered medium, for example, a one-dimensional photonic crystal, to control the polarization of the incident circularly polarized light.

Stimulation of glucose oxidase with white linearly polarized light

2009 ◽  
pp. NA-NA
Author(s):  
Anna Konieczna-Molenda ◽  
Maciej Fiedorowicz ◽  
Przemysław J. Tomasik
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Stimulation Of
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