Peripheral control of acoustic signals in the auditory system of echolocating bats

1975 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Suga ◽  
P. H. Jen
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cochlear Microphonic ◽  
Fusion Frequency ◽  
Incoming Signal ◽  
Self Stimulation

Many species of echolocating bats emit intense orientation sounds. If such intense sounds directly stimulated their ears, detection of faint echoes would be impaired. Therefore, possible mechanisms for the attenuation of self-stimulation were studied with Myotis lucifugus. The acoustic middle-ear-muscle reflex could perfectly and transiently regulate the amplitude of an incoming signal only at its beginning. However, its shortest latency in terms of electromyograms and of the attenuation of the cochlear microphonic was 3–4 and 4–8 msec, respectively, so that these muscles failed to attenuate orientation signals by the reflex. The muscles, however, received a message from the vocalization system when the bat vocalized, and contracted synchronously with vocalization. The duration of the contraction-relaxation was so short that the self-stimulation was attenuated, but the echoes were not. The tetanus-fusion frequency of tha stapedium muscle ranged between 260 and 320/sec. Unlike the efferent fibres in the lateral-line and vestibular systems, the olivo-cochlear bundle showed no sign of attenuation of self-stimulation.

Audiological findings in glomus tumours

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Qiu ◽  
Shengguang S. Yin ◽  
Fred J. Stucker ◽  
Mardjohan Hardjasudarma
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Cerebellopontine Angle ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractGlomus tumours involving the middle ear and the cerebellopontine angle are reported with emphasis on audiological findings. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), angiographic and pathological results are presented. Audiological tests, including impedance audiometry, evoked otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses, are valuable in evaluation of the effect of glomus tumours on the auditory system as well as their pathological extent.

The effect of alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists of the self-stimulation phenomenon

Life Sciences ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1253-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd Hastings ◽  
Robert M. Stutz
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonists ◽  
Self Stimulation

scholarly journals Effect of the middle ear cavity on the response of the human auditory system

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Garcia-Gonzalez ◽  
Antonio Gonzalez-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Human Auditory System

scholarly journals Dopamine neurons projecting to medial shell of the nucleus accumbens drive heroin reinforcement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Corre ◽  
Ruud van Zessen ◽  
Michaël Loureiro ◽  
Tommaso Patriarchi ◽  
Lin Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
The Self ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Gaba Neurons ◽  
Calcium Indicators ◽  
Compulsive Consumption ◽  
Self Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractThe dopamine (DA) hypothesis posits the increase of mesolimbic dopamine levels as a defining commonality of addictive drugs, initially causing reinforcement, eventually leading to compulsive consumption. While much experimental evidence from psychostimulants supports this hypothesis, it has been challenged for opioid reinforcement. Here, we use genetically encoded DA and calcium indicators as well as cFos to reveal that heroin activates DA neurons located in the medial part of the VTA, preferentially projecting to the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulations of VTA DA or GABA neurons establish a causal link to heroin reinforcement. Inhibition of DA neurons blocked heroin self-administration, while heroin inhibited optogenetic self-stimulation of DA neurons. Likewise, heroin occluded the self-inhibition of VTA GABA neurons. Together, these experiments support a model of disinhibition of a subset of VTA DA neurons in opioid reinforcement.

Assessment of sound transfer function of middle ear based on cochlear microphonic (CM) evoked by direct excitation of ossicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (0) ◽  
pp. J02515P
Author(s):  
Takaaki FUJISHIRO ◽  
Ryo EBINE ◽  
Yuka IRIE ◽  
Chee SZE KEAT ◽  
Takenobu HIGO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Cochlear Microphonic ◽  
Direct Excitation

Effect of Trimethadione on the Self-Stimulation Phenomenon

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 850-853
Author(s):  
J. St-Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Medial Forebrain Bundle ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Anticonvulsant Drug ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Drive ◽  
Self Stimulation

The effects of the anticonvulsant drug trimethadione on the self-stimulation (S.S.) phenomenon are studied on rats. S.S. is elicited via electrodes implanted in the posterior medial forebrain bundle (M.F.B.). Following administration of trimethadione (325 mg/kg i.p.) a tendency toward improvement of S.S. is found; this trend is not statistically significant. The fact that no change of S.S. is observed in the areas of the posterior M.F.B. where seizures rarely occur is discussed in the light that the high rates of S.S. obtained from these areas might be related to the absence of disruptive epileptiform activity. It is concluded that the high rates of S.S. usually obtained from the posterior areas of the M.F.B. may be due to properties such as the involvement of these areas in high-drive behavior and facilitation of motor activity.

scholarly journals Control of a hair bundle’s mechanosensory function by its mechanical load

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. E1000-E1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Salvi ◽  
Dáibhid Ó Maoiléidigh ◽  
Brian A. Fabella ◽  
Mélanie Tobin ◽  
A. J. Hudspeth
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Vestibular System ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Hair Bundle ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Single Hair ◽  
Signal Detector ◽  
Single Organ

Hair cells, the sensory receptors of the internal ear, subserve different functions in various receptor organs: they detect oscillatory stimuli in the auditory system, but transduce constant and step stimuli in the vestibular and lateral-line systems. We show that a hair cell's function can be controlled experimentally by adjusting its mechanical load. By making bundles from a single organ operate as any of four distinct types of signal detector, we demonstrate that altering only a few key parameters can fundamentally change a sensory cell’s role. The motions of a single hair bundle can resemble those of a bundle from the amphibian vestibular system, the reptilian auditory system, or the mammalian auditory system, demonstrating an essential similarity of bundles across species and receptor organs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document