Treatment Switch in Poor Responders with Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Background Among locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) patients, poor response to initial neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is associated with unfavorable outcomes; however, changing the postoperative therapy regimen in this group of patients is unclear. We compared the poor responders who continued the original protocols with that of patients who switched treatment after NAC plus D2 gastrectomy. Methods Our study included LAGC patients who achieved tumor regression grade 3 according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer/College of American Pathologists system, after NAC, between December 2006 and December 2017 at our institution. Outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events during postoperative treatment. The propensity score matching method was used to match patients. Results Overall, 160 patients were enrolled in the final analysis set, including 21 switched cases and 139 non-switched cases. A 1:2 matched cohort (21 switching vs. 42 non-switching) was generated to eliminate all confounding factors. No statistical differences were observed in OS and PFS, either in the whole patients (OS: log-rank p = 0.804; PFS: log-rank p = 0.943) or in the matched cohort (OS: log-rank p = 0.907; PFS: log-rank p = 0.670) between the two groups. Patients with changed regimens had a significantly higher rate of peripheral neurotoxicity (p = 0.045). Contrarily, a lower rate of overall adverse events was observed in the non-switching group with marginal significance (p = 0.069). Conclusion Adjusting to a non-cross-resistant regimen only by post-NAC pathological evaluation may not be sufficient for designing an effective treatment route for LAGC poor responders. Treatment change required a more scrutinized clinical track, which involved a multifaceted assessment.