scholarly journals Sonochemical Reaction of Formic Acid-Water Solution. Effects of Dissolved Gases, Formic Acid Concentration and Reaction Temperature on the Rate of Production and the Distribution of Sonochemical Products.

1997 ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi HARADA
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Acid Water ◽  
Dissolved Gases ◽  
Sonochemical Reaction ◽  
Acid Water Solution

A Silicon Microfabricated Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cell

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yeom ◽  
G. Z. Mozsgai ◽  
A. Asthana ◽  
B. R. Flachsbart ◽  
P. Waszczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Acid Water Solution

A silicon-based microfabricated fuel cell running on formic acid has been developed to provide a high energy and power density power source on the millimeter size scale. A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell was fabricated utilizing the Nafion™112 membrane bonded between electrodes on silicon substrates. The cell was fueled by a concentrated formic acid-water solution and the catalyst used was Pt. The preliminary result shows that the microfabricated formic acid fuel cell may be a promising alternative for very small portable fuel cell applications.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND FORMIC ACID CONCENTRATION ON DELIGNIFICATION OF LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Nurul Athirah Alwi ◽  
Nor Hanimah Hamidi ◽  
Noormazlinah Ahmad ◽  
Siti Hajar Noor Shaari
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optimal Reaction Temperature

Delignification is essential for wide range of technologies especially in paper industry and ethanol as transportation fuel. Researches have been made by thermal, mechanical, chemical and biology treatment. Recently, L. Leucocephala has been in centre of attraction for paper making industry while formic acid, a typical organosolv system has been given attention by the researchers due to effectiveness on the ability to break down and modify the lignin structure. Hence, delignification of L. Leucocephala was studied using chemical treatment with formic acid. The effect of reaction conditions including reaction temperature and formic acid concentration were investigated at atmospheric pressure for 6 hours of reaction time. Delignification percentage approximately 70 – 75 % (v/w) with a pulp yield of 40 – 62% (w/w) was obtained and the optimal reaction temperature is 90oC with 90% of formic acid concentration, respectively. Therefore, temperature and formic acid concentration affected significantly on the delignification process of L. Leucocephala.

Low-temperature fast atom bombardment mass spectra of frozen nitric acid-water solution

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1303-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina V. Kosevich ◽  
Oleg A. Boryak ◽  
Vlada A. Pashinskaya ◽  
Vadim S. Shelkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Fast Atom Bombardment ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Acid Water ◽  
Acid Water Solution

scholarly journals OPTIMASI PRODUKSI PULP FORMACELL DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) DENGAN METODE PERMUKAAN RESPON

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Hidayati ◽  
Ahmad Sapta Zuidar ◽  
Ahmad Fahreza
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
Hcl Concentration ◽  
Pulp Production

ABSTRACT Empty oil-palm bunches (EOPB) contains more enough cellulose so that it can be made as an alternative pulp production.  One of the process of pulp production which friendly environment is by using acetate acid and formic acid called by formacell process.  The aims of the research is to got optimation models of formic acid concentration, HCl concentration and cooking duration for the EFB pulp production.  The optimum result of the EOPB pulp production were 75% of cellulose, 8% of hemiselulosa, 10% of  lignin, and 80% of yield with the optimum concentration 20% of formic acid, 0,5% of HCl, and 2 hour of cooking duration.   Keyword : pulp formacell, EFB, RSM.   ABSTRAK Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) mengandung kadar selulosa yang cukup tinggi sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku alternatif produksi pulp.  Salah satu proses produksi pulp ramah lingkungan yaitu dengan menggunakan campuran pelarut asam asetat dan asam formiat sebagai bahan pemasak yang disebut proses formacell.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan model optimasi dari konsentrasi asam formiat, konsentrasi HCl dan lama pemasakan untuk produksi pulp TKKS.  Konsentrasi pemasakan optimum terjadi pada konsentrasi asam formiat 20%, konsentrasi HCl 0,5%, dan lama pemasakan selama 2 jam dengan hasil optimum untuk produksi pulp TKKS yaitu 75 % selulosa, 8 % hemiselulosa, 10% lignin, dan 80% rendemen.   Kata kunci: pulp formacell, TKKS, RSM.    

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