scholarly journals The Effect of Thymoquinone on the Characteristics of the Brain Extracellular Space in Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1306-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoxin Fan ◽  
Fang Tian ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Xiaogai Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Extracellular Space

Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia and middle cerebral artery occlusion induce expression of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor in the brain

2007 ◽  
Vol 412 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Ashton ◽  
Rosanna M.A. Rahman ◽  
Shiva M. Nair ◽  
Brad A. Sutherland ◽  
Michelle Glass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Hypoxia ◽  
Cb2 Receptor ◽  
Hypoxia Ischemia ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
The Brain

Abstract 166: Endothelial Overexpression of LOX-1 Increases Stroke Size in vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Akhmedov ◽  
Remo D Spescha ◽  
Francesco Paneni ◽  
Giovani G Camici ◽  
Thomas F Luescher
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
The Brain

Background— Stroke is one of the most common causes of death and long term disability worldwide primarily affecting the elderly population. Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) is the receptor for oxidized LDL identified in endothelial cells. Binding of OxLDL to LOX-1 induces several cellular events in endothelial cells, such as activation of transcription factor NF-kB, upregulation of MCP-1, and reduction in intracellular NO. Accumulating evidence suggests that LOX-1 is involved in endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, atherogenesis, myocardial infarction, and intimal thickening after balloon catheter injury. Interestingly, a recent study demonstrated that acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), which could prevent ischemic stroke, inhibited Ox-LDL-mediated LOX-1 expression in human coronary endothelial cells. The expression of LOX-1 was increased at a transient ischemic core site in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. These data suggest that LOX-1 expression induces atherosclerosis in the brain and is the precipitating cause of ischemic stroke. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to investigate the role of endothelial LOX-1 in stroke using experimental mouse model. Methods and Results— 12-week-old male LOX-1TG generated recently in our group and wild-type (WT) mice were applied for a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to induce ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) brain injury. LOX-1TG mice developed 24h post-MCAO significantly larger infarcts in the brain compared to WT (81.51±8.84 vs. 46.41±10.13, n=7, p < 0.05) as assessed morphologically using Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Moreover, LOX-1TG showed higher neurological deficit in RotaRod (35.57±8.92 vs. 66.14±10.63, n=7, p < 0.05) and Bederson tests (2.22±0.14 vs. 1.25±0.30, n=9-12, p < 0.05) - two experimental physiological tests for neurological function. Conclusions— Thus, our data suggest that LOX-1 plays a critical role in the ischemic stroke when expressed at unphysiological levels. Such LOX-1 -associated phenotype could be due to the endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, LOX-1 may represent novel therapeutic targets for preventing ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization, Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Baicalin-Loaded Liposome on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion after i.v. Administration in Rats

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
Lingling Feng ◽  
Yujun Tan ◽  
Yan Xiang ◽  
Ruoqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
The Brain

The dry root of Scutellaria baicalensis, has traditionally been applied in the treatment of cerebral ischemia in Chinese clinics. Baicalin (BA) is considered the key ingredient in it for the brain protection effects. The bioavailability of BA is very low because of its poor lipid and water solubility, which limits the therapeutic effects and clinical application. The aim of the present study was to develop a novel BA-loaded liposome (BA-LP) formulation to improve the drug lipophilicity and further to enhance the drug-concentration in the brain tissues. This study is also designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of BA in the pathological conditions of stroke and evaluate the pharmacokinetic differences of BA caused by stroke after intravenous administration with BA and BA-LP. In this study, the novel BA-LP prepared in early stage were characterized by morphology, size, zeta potential, encapsulation rate and the in vitro release. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of BA and BA-LP were investigated by intravenous administration in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and normal group respectively. BA-LP had a mean particle size of 160–190 nm, zeta potential of −5.7 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 42 ± 1%. The BA-LP showed a sustained-release behavior, the in vitro drug-release kinetic model of BA-LP fit well with the biphasic dynamic model equation: Q = 1 − (60.12e0.56t − 59.08e0.0014t). Pharmacokinetic behavior in MCAO rats is not consistent with that of normal rats. The middle cerebral artery occlusion rats got higher Cmax and AUC0–t, which were about 1.5–2 times to normal rats both in BA and liposome groups. In addition, it got especially higher distribution in brain, while BA were not detected in brain tissues on normal rats. The Cmax and AUC0–t values were significantly greater with liposome than BA on both normal and MCAO rats. The tissue distribution behavior was significantly altered in the case of liposome administrated in comparison with BA, which the concentrations in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs and brain were all increased after administrated liposome, but decreased in kidneys. The TI values showed that the target of liposome was improved especially to heart, spleen and brain, and the brain’s target was higher in striatum and cerebellum. In conclusion, BA-LP might be a potential drug delivery system to improve the therapeutic efficacy of BA. In addition, these results also suggest that the pathological damages of ischemia-reperfusion have a significant impact on the pharmacokinetic traits of BA.

scholarly journals Cortical Impedance and Extracellular Volume Changes following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Cats

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Matsuoka ◽  
K.-A. Hossmann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Tissue Osmolality

In 30 adult cats, anesthetized with nitrous oxide and halothane, the middle cerebral artery was occluded using a transorbital approach. Extracellular volume changes were assessed by recording cortical impedance, and correlated with blood flow, tissue osmolality, and water and electrolyte content of brain tissue. Following middle cerebral artery occlusion, cortical impedance, after a free interval of about 1 min, sharply increased and after 30 to 60 min gradually stabilized between 180 and 200% of control. Calculated extracellular fluid volume decreased from 23.8 ± 1.2 to 13.1 ± 1.0% after 1 h and to 12.5 ± 1.0% after 2 h of ischemia. Shortly after middle cerebral artery occlusion, extracellular volume shifts correlated with blood flow over a range from 3 to 50 ml/100 g/min. Two hours later, a threshold-like dependency existed: below 25 ml/100 g/min extracellular space was reduced to about 50% of control; above 32 ml/100 g/min extracellular space was normal. Non-threshold correlations existed between extracellular space, tissue osmolality, and the electroencephalogram. Final water content of brain tissue correlated with the size of the extracellular space after 15 min, but not after 2 h of ischemia. This indicates that the narrowing of the extracellular compartment and ischemic brain edema are relatively independent consequences of cerebral ischemia.

scholarly journals Brain permeability of bilobalide as probed by microdialysis before and after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothee Lang ◽  
Christian Ude ◽  
Mario Wurglics ◽  
Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz ◽  
Jochen Klein
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT. Purpose. Bilobalide is an active constituent of Ginkgo biloba and has shown neuroprotective effects in mice with cerebral ischemia. In the present study, we investigated brain permeability of bilobalide (i) in healthy mice and (ii) in mice before or after stroke. Methods. We have used in vivo microdialysis and LC-MS to estimate extracellular levels of bilobalide. 10 mg/kg of bilobalide was given by i.p. injection to control mice, and 60 minutes before and after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Results. Bilobalide was already detectable in brain striatal microdialysates 10 min after i.p. administration and reached maximum levels (19 ng/mL, corresponding to 0.92 µM) after 40 min. Maximum plasma bilobalide levels were 5.9 µM. After an ischemic insult, the drug could be dialysed with similar efficiency as in control mice indicating slow elimination from the ischemic brain. When the drug was given after MCAO, availability in the brain was low, but measurable, at approx. 10% of control values. Conclusions. Our data demonstrate that bilobalide easily crosses the blood brain barrier and reaches extracellular concentrations in the brain that allow efficient interaction with target molecules such as neurotransmitter receptors. Availability of the drug in ischemic tissue is high when given before ischemia, but severely limited after MCAO.

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