1090 MUSCLE FORCE AND CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF ELBOW FLEXORS AND EXTENSORS IN BODYBUILDERS AND WEIGHTLIFTERS

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S194
Author(s):  
S. Ikegawa ◽  
Y. Kawakami ◽  
K. Funalo ◽  
T. Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elbow Flexors And Extensors

Muscle Force per Cross-sectional Area is Inversely Related with Pennation Angle in Strength Trained Athletes

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeki Ikegawa ◽  
Kazuo Funato ◽  
Naoya Tsunoda ◽  
Hiroaki Kanehisa ◽  
Tetsuo Fukunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Pennation Angle ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

Relationship between muscle force and muscle area showing glycogen loss during locomotion

1982 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
R. B. Armstrong ◽  
C. R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Triceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Fast Twitch

This experiment was designed to study the relationship between the cross-sectional area of rat skeletal muscle showing glycogen loss and the muscle forces exerted during exercise. Muscular force exerted by the extensors of the elbows and ankle was increased by 24% by loading rats with 24% of their body mass while running them on a treadmill at 30 m.min-1. VO2 increased by 24% and stride frequency was unchanged when the rats ran with loads. Cross-sectional areas of the elbow and ankle extensor muscles showing glycogen loss were compared from rats running with and without the load. We found a nearly direct proportionality between the changes in force and the changes in muscle area showing glycogen loss, i.e. when the force of the extensors was increased by 24%, the cross-sectional area of the elbow extensors showing glycogen loss increased by 28%, and that of the ankle extensor group increased by 24%. The more peripheral muscles in each group accounted for a greater proportion of the increase in cross-sectional area of the group showing glycogen loss (i.e. lateral and long heads of triceps brachii muscle accounted for 91% of the increase in the elbow extensor group, and gastrocnemius muscle accounted for 84% of the increase in the ankle extensor group). Most of the increases in muscle area showing glycogen loss occurred in fast-twitch-glycolytic fibres (84% in the elbow and 88% in the ankle). The data suggest that increasing muscle force requirements by 24% by loading resulted in proportional increases in cross-sectional area of muscles recruited to produce the force, i.e. that spatial recruitment primarily accounted for the elevation in force. The relatively greater increases in cross-sectional area showing glycogen loss of peripheral muscles within a group indicate the importance of studying whole groups of muscles when considering muscular recruitment patterns during exercise.

scholarly journals Assessment of Maximum Cross-Sectional Area and Volume of the Canine Biceps Brachii – Brachialis Muscles

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (335) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Armands Vekšins ◽  
Oskars Kozinda
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Brachialis Muscle ◽  
Tomography Data ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract The biceps brachii - brachialis muscles has attachment on the medial coronoid process (MCP) and proximal radius. It is considered that medial coronoid disease (MCD) can be caused by biceps brachii – brachialis muscle generated force to MCP. Computed tomography data from 31 dogs were analysed. The aim of this study was to compare biceps brachii – brachialis muscle volume and maximum cross-sectional area (mCSA) between clinically normal dogs to dogs with a MCD. Results showed that in dogs with MCD, biceps brachii - brachialis muscle volume and mCSA is smaller than in clinically normal dogs and therefore the generated muscle force cannot be considered as the main or accompanying cause of a MCD.

Adaptations in the elbow flexors of elderly males after heavy-resistance training

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 750-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Roman ◽  
J. Fleckenstein ◽  
J. Stray-Gundersen ◽  
S. E. Alway ◽  
R. Peshock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Males ◽  
Heavy Resistance Training

The structural and functional characteristics of the elbow flexors in five elderly males were studied before and after 12 wk of heavy-resistance training. Muscle volume and cross-sectional area of two of the elbow flexor (biceps brachii and brachialis) muscles were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Mean muscle fiber area, percent fiber distribution, and collagen and noncontractile tissue densities were determined on histological sections from needle biopsies. Isokinetic strength of the elbow flexors was measured at velocities between 60 and 300 degrees/s. Muscle volume and cross-sectional area of the biceps brachii and brachialis significantly increased by 13.9 and 22.6%, respectively, after the training program. A preferential hypertrophy of type II fibers (37.2%) was observed. Significant increases in peak torque were observed at all the tested velocities. The amount of work a subject could perform during a 25-repetition test at 240 degrees/s increased by 41% after training. These results demonstrate that the skeletal muscles of elderly individuals can adapt to heavy-resistance exercise and do so by increases in both muscle size and strength.

scholarly journals The Muscle-Bone Relationship in X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. E990-E995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis-Nicolas Veilleux ◽  
Moira S. Cheung ◽  
Francis H. Glorieux ◽  
Frank Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Distal Tibia ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Hypophosphatemic Rickets ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective

Context: We recently found that patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) have a muscle function deficit in the lower extremities. As muscle force and bone mass are usually closely related, we hypothesized that patients with XLH could also have a bone mass deficit in the lower extremities. Objective: The study objective was to assess the muscle-bone relationship in the lower extremities of patients with XLH. Setting: The study was carried out in the outpatients department of a pediatric orthopedic hospital. Patients and Other Participants: Thirty individuals with XLH (6 to 60 y; 9 male patients) and 30 age- and gender-matched controls participated. Main Outcome Measures: Calf muscle size and density as well as tibia bone mass and geometry were assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Muscle function was evaluated as peak force in the multiple 2-legged hopping test. Results: Muscle force was significantly lower in XLH patients than in controls but muscle cross-sectional area did not differ (after adjustment for tibia length). External bone size, expressed as total bone cross-sectional area, was higher in the XLH group than in controls. The XLH cohort also had statistically significantly higher bone mineral content. Conclusions: Patients with XLH have increased bone mass and size at the distal tibia despite muscle function deficits.

The sensitivity of muscle force predictions to changes in physiologic cross-sectional area

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Brand ◽  
Douglas R. Pedersen ◽  
James A. Friederich
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

Pelvic Canal Narrowing Caused by Triple Pelvic Osteotomy in the Dog

1994 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Holmberg ◽  
M. B. Hurtig ◽  
H. R. Sukhiani
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Pelvic Osteotomy ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canal Width ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Post Operative Complications

SummaryDuring a triple pelvic osteotomy, rotation of the free acetabular segment causes the pubic remnant on the acetabulum to rotate into the pelvic canal. The resulting narrowing may cause complications by impingement on the organs within the pelvic canal. Triple pelvic osteotomies were performed on ten cadaver pelves with pubic remnants equal to 0, 25, and 50% of the hemi-pubic length and angles of acetabular rotation of 20, 30, and 40 degrees. All combinations of pubic remnant lengths and angles of acetabular rotation caused a significant reduction in pelvic canal-width and cross-sectional area, when compared to the inact pelvis. Zero, 25, and 50% pubic remnants result in 15, 35, and 50% reductions in pelvic canal width respectively. Overrotation of the acetabulum should be avoided and the pubic remnant on the acetabular segment should be minimized to reduce postoperative complications due to pelvic canal narrowing.When performing triple pelvic osteotomies, the length of the pubic remnant on the acetabular segment and the angle of acetabular rotation both significantly narrow the pelvic canal. To reduce post-operative complications, due to narrowing of the pelvic canal, overrotation of the acetabulum should be avoided and the length of the pubic remnant should be minimized.

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