scholarly journals The Forefront for Novel Therapeutic Agents Based on the Pathophysiology of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy of Overactive Bladder

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Yoshida ◽  
Koichi Masunaga ◽  
Takashi Nagata ◽  
Makoto Yono ◽  
Yukio Homma
2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Saffari ◽  
Abolfazl Mahyar ◽  
Amir Kavian ◽  
Banafsheh Arad

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common cause of voiding dysfunction in children and is classified as lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). In recent studies, obesity and overweight are assumed as risk factors for voiding dysfunction and urinary incontinence in children. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between overweight and obesity with OAB in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study measured BMI in 56 children aged between 3 and 16 years with OAB (case group) and 56 healthy matched children (control group). Overweight and obesity were compared between the two groups. The study also accessed lower urinary tract symptoms and their association with BMI in the OAB children. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 18.0 for windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results: The mean age of the OAB patients was 7.71 ± 2.65 years, and 38 (67.8%) of them were female. Frequency and holding maneuvers were the most prevalent complaints. A history of urinary tract infection was detected in 46 (82.1%) of the OAB patients. There were no significant differences in overweight and obesity between the two groups (P = 0.23). Conclusions: No correlation was observed between overweight and obesity with OAB. The reason may be different socioeconomic conditions or malnutrition in these children. Thus, it is recommended to perform a study with a larger sample size in our community to assess malnutrition in the general children population.


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Patrícia Lordêlo ◽  
Alcina Teles

A disfunção do trato urinário inferior (DTUI) na infância apresenta alta prevalência, podendo levar a sintomas de urgência miccional, incontinência urinária, infecção do trato urinário, refluxo vesicoureteral, lesão renal, além de impactos psicoemocionais. A hiperatividade vesical (HV) é a forma mais comum de apresentação da DTUI, sendo caracterizada como uma alteração na fase de enchimento vesical, acompanhada por sintomas urinários próprios desta fase, mas com um padrão de fluxo urinário normal e sem apresentação de resíduo pós-miccional. A sua fisiopatologia ainda é controversa, e engloba possibilidades de alterações de origem central, de desencadeamento de contrações não inibidas do detrusor devido ao quadro de constipação intestinal, ou ainda a possibilidade de ser causada pelo quadro de infecção do trato urinário. Há três principais tratamentos disponíveis para tratar crianças com HV: medicação, uroterapia e eletroestimulação. Destes, a terapia medicamentosa ainda é a mais difundida pelo mundo, apesar de trazer diversos efeitos colaterais e baixa taxa de cura. A uroterapia é baseada em orientações miccionais e alimentares e deve ser indicada como a primeira linha terapêutica. A eletroestimulação ainda apresenta diversidade em relação à posição do eletrodo, tempo e frequência da aplicação e parâmetros diferentes em relação à corrente terapêutica. Apesar dessa variabilidade, as terapias combinadas da uroterapia com a eletroestimulação apresentam melhores resultados clínicos de acordo com os trabalhos disponíveis na literatura.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
G V. Kovalev ◽  
D. D. Shkarupa ◽  
N. D. Kubin ◽  
A. O. Zaitseva ◽  
I. V. Borodulina ◽  
...  

Introduction. The most common type of lower urinary tract dysfunction is an overactive bladder (OAB). Today there is a need to search for new effective methods of treating this disease.Purpose of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of transvertebral magnetic neuromodulation (TMN) of the lumbar spine in patients with OAB.Materials and methods. 26 patients were enrolled in the clinical study. The treatment course consisted of 15 procedures (3 times a week for 5 weeks). Before and after treatment at 1, 3 and 6 months, complaints were assessed using the ICIQ-SF and OAB-q SF questionnaires. Objective parameters were assessed by urodynamic tests before and 6 months after treatment.Results. We observed a significant improvement in patients subjective clinical status at all points of assessment. Transvertebral magnetic neuromodulation had the greatest influence on such urodynamic parameters as the first sensation, the first desire, strong desire, maximum cystometric capacity. Patterns of phase hyperactivity were absent in 60.8% of patients after treatment and terminal hyperactivity in 41.7% of patients.Conclusions. This small study observed a significant therapeutic effect of TMN in patients with OAB. Further large placebo-controlled trials are needed to develop universal effective protocols for lower urinary tract dysfunction treatment. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 732-737
Author(s):  
Patkawat Ramart ◽  
Phadungsak Sangsoad

Objective: To demonstrate which types of non-neurogenic female lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) respond to sacral neuromodulation (SNM) after the failure of all non-invasive treatments.Materials and Methods: Female LUTD performed SNM between 2017 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. A case with anatomical or neurological abnormalities were excluded by thorough physical examination and investigations. The specific type of LUTD, including midurethral obstruction (MUO), was diagnosed by videourodynamics (VUDS). Clinical diagnoses, including idiopathic urinary retention (IUR), voiding dysfunction (VD) and refractory overactive bladder (OAB), were used instead of VUDS diagnosis when the result was normal or inconclusive. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) in Thai version were used to compare between pre and post-treatment. Responder was defined as an IPSS and/or OABSS decreased more than 50% from baseline.Results: Total 21 cases were performed SNM. The average age was 49.6 (24–80) years. The average pre-treatment IPSS and OABSS were 23.4 and 6.4 as well as average post-treatment IPSS and OABSS were 13.7 and 3.8. Only 9 out of 21 cases (42.9%) showed improvement after SNM. The responders included 7 out of 11 MUO (63.6%), 1 out of 4 IUR (25.0%), and 1 out of 3 OAB (33.3%). None of the VD cases responded to SNM.Conclusion: SNM is another option for female patients with LUTD who have failed to respond to conservative treatments. After completely excluding anatomical and neurological abnormalities, the types of LUTD having a chance to respond to SNM are MUO, IUR, and OAB.


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