scholarly journals R&D Investment, Exporting, and Productivity Dynamics

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1312-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bee Yan Aw ◽  
Mark J Roberts ◽  
Daniel Yi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Productivity Dynamics ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Future Path ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper estimates a dynamic structural model of a producer's decision to invest in R&D and export, allowing both choices to endogenously affect the future path of productivity. Using plant-level data for the Taiwanese electronics industry, both activities are found to have a positive effect on the plant's future productivity. This in turn drives more plants to self-select into both activities, contributing to further productivity gains. Simulations of an expansion of the export market are shown to increase both exporting and R&D investment and generate a gradual within-plant productivity improvement. (JEL D24, F14, G31, L63, O31, O33)

scholarly journals Does Offshoring Reduce Industry Employment?

2007 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Hijzen ◽  
Paul Swaim
Keyword(s):  
Oecd Countries ◽  
High Income ◽  
Industry Level ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
Technology Effects ◽  
Industry Level Data ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper looks at the implications of offshoring for industry employment whilst explicitly accounting for the scale and technology effects of offshoring. The effects of offshoring on employment are analysed using industry-level data for 17 high income OECD countries. Our findings indicate that offshoring has no effect or a slight-positive effect on sectoral employment. Offshoring within the same industry (intra-industry offshoring) reduces the labour-intensity of production, but does not affect overall industry employment. Inter-industry offshoring does not affect labour-intensity, but may have a positive effect on overall industry employment. These finding suggest that the productivity gains from offshoring are sufficiently large that the jobs created by higher sales completely offset the jobs lost by relocating certain production stages to foreign production sites.

scholarly journals Agglomeration and Productivity: Evidence from Indian Manufactuaring

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Renjith Ramachandran ◽  
Ketan Reddy ◽  
Subash Sasidharan
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Industrial Agglomeration ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Annual Survey ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Productivity Gains

This study analyses the impact of industrial agglomeration on the total factor productivity (TFP) of Indian manufacturing. We employ plant-level data from the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) to measure TFP and industrial agglomeration. Our econometric analysis discerns a positive impact of industrial agglomeration on plant productivity. In addition, we find that the larger plants are the beneficiaries of productivity gains associated with agglomeration. Further, our findings are robust to alternate measures of TFP.

scholarly journals Sparking Manufacturing Innovation: How Temporary Interplant Assignments Increase Employee Idea Values

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp B. Cornelius ◽  
Bilal Gokpinar ◽  
Fabian J. Sting
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Manufacturing Innovation ◽  
Econometric Tests ◽  
Production Knowledge ◽  
Productivity Gains

Shop-floor employees play a key role in manufacturing innovation. In some companies, up to 75% of all productivity gains are the result of bottom-up employee ideas. In this paper, we examine how employee interplant assignments—short problem-solving jobs at other manufacturing plants within the same firm—influence employee-driven manufacturing innovation. Using unique idea-level data from a large European car parts manufacturer, we show that interplant assignments significantly increase the value of employees’ improvement ideas due to the short-term transfer of production knowledge and long-term employee learning. Both effects are amplified by assignments to plants that have high functional overlap (i.e., plants producing similar products using similar processes and machinery). One implication is that, for the purpose of employee-driven manufacturing innovation, assignments between peripheral plants with high functional overlap can be more effective than assignments to and from central plants. These findings are robust to several econometric tests. Our study provides novel and detailed empirical evidence of manufacturing innovation, and goes beyond previous research on the learning curve (learning by doing) by investigating how interplant assignments affect the value of employees’ improvement ideas (learning by moving). This paper was accepted by Charles J. Corbett, operations management.

CASE AND ITS CHALLENGE FOR CHANGE

1991 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
GREG BOONE
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Software Industry ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Work Practices ◽  
Software Developers ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
Ideological Change ◽  
Productivity Gains

Although the majority of professional trade press and academic attention regarding CASE (Computer Aided Software/Systems Engineering) has focused on technology, software developers have not been deluded by overinflated productivity gains attributed to those technologies. Truly profound technologies require a concomitant change in methods, practices, and techniques. Unfortunately, the majority of the software industry has had the expectation that CASE will automate their current work without rethinking work practices. Changing work practices, particularly among highly independent-minded software developers, who prize independent creativity more than team engineering, is the most difficult challenge facing the advance of the software development profession. Equally difficult is the ideological change from a productivity improvement expectation to a quality improvement expectation. This paper examines the current rate of CASE adoption and the changes necessary to accelerate its successful adoption.

Bypassing weak institutions in a large late-comer economy

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVGUENIA BESSONOVA ◽  
KSENIA GONCHAR
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Source Countries

AbstractThis paper addresses the link between the strong inflow of FDI into Russia in the 2000s and its weak institutions, using plant-level data across subnational regions. The findings imply that investors have responded positively to improved quality of institutions in certain regions, which offered a combination of wealth, skills and good infrastructure. High development levels in host regions helped to bypass some institutional shortcomings. Investors from source countries exhibiting comparable institutional environment appeared to be more immune to political conflict. Round-trip investors reacted to institutional determinants in almost the same manner as genuine investors, except for tolerance to labor market imperfections.

Coping With Dating Violence as a Function of Violence Frequency and Solution Attribution: A Structural Modeling Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Bapat ◽  
Terence J. G. Tracey
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Positive Effect

This study presents a structural model of coping with dating violence. The model integrates abuse frequency and solution attribution to relate to college women’s choices of coping strategies. Three hundred and twenty-four undergraduate women reported being targets of some physical abuse from a boyfriend and responded to questions regarding the abuse, their solution attribution, and their coping behaviors. Solution attribution mediated the relation between frequency of the abuse and coping. Abuse frequency had a positive effect on external solution attribution, and external solution attribution had a positive effect on the level of use of active coping, utilization of social support, denial, and acceptance.

scholarly journals Public disclosure of industrial pollution: the PROPER approach for Indonesia?

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
JORGE H. GARCÍA ◽  
THOMAS STERNER ◽  
SHAKEB AFSAH
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Public Disclosure ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Control Evaluation ◽  
Plant Level

ABSTRACTThis paper evaluates the effectiveness of the Program for Pollution Control Evaluation and Rating (PROPER) in Indonesia. PROPER, the first major public disclosure program in the developing world, was launched in June 1995; though it collapsed in 1998 with the Asian financial crisis, it is currently being revived. There have been claims of success for this pioneering scheme, yet little formal and conclusive analysis has been undertaken. We analyze changes in emissions concentrations (mg/L) using panel data techniques with plant-level data for participating firms and a control group. The results show that there was indeed a positive response to PROPER, especially among firms with poor environmental compliance records. The response was immediate, and firms pursued further emissions reductions in the following months. The total estimated reductions in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were approximately 32 per cent.

Impact of marketing effectiveness and capabilities, and export market orientation on export performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydin Kayabasi ◽  
Thandiwe Mtetwa
Keyword(s):  
Market Orientation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Marketing Capabilities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marketing Effectiveness ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between marketing effectiveness, marketing capabilities, export market orientation and export performance. Design/methodology/approach The research analyses whether export market orientation, marketing effectiveness and marketing capabilities are antecedents of export performance with structural equation modelling. Data to test the model were obtained through a structured survey of 443 export companies operating in the Aegean region of Turkey. After explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, the structural model was tested. Findings The findings suggest that export market orientation has a significant impact on marketing capabilities and marketing effectiveness, and that marketing effectiveness has a significant impact on export performance. This indicates that export market orientation is central to the development of marketing capabilities, while marketing effectiveness contributes to explaining export performance. Research limitations/implications There are several limitations of the research. The first significant limitation is that the variables had various sub-dimensions. The second limitation is about sampling of the research that it is not specific to a particular sector. Practical implications This paper provides useful insights to exporters on market orientation, focal dimensions of marketing effectiveness and marketing capabilities that would help them enhance their export performance. Originality/value Using the resource-based view, this paper contributes to the explanation for export performance by assessing the role of export market orientation behaviour on marketing capabilities and marketing effectiveness.

Are there dynamic productivity gains from agricultural trade?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanki Moon
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Trade Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
Dynamic Gain

PurposeThe primary purpose of this paper is to take an in-depth look at the question of whether liberalizing trade in agriculture can generate dynamic productivity gains comparable to those in the manufacturing sector.Design/methodology/approachIn contrast to the manufacturing sector that has generated firm/plant-level trade data, there is a lack of farm-level trade data that are needed for empirical measurement of dynamic productivity gains. Therefore, the authors use thought experiments to analyze the sequence of events that would occur when trade is liberalized for agriculture; delineate the expected behaviors of the actors involved in the trade and draw inferences about whether there would be dynamic productivity gains from agricultural trade.FindingsThe central finding is that there would be little dynamic gain from agricultural trade at the farm level due to the limited role of producers in shaping their international competitiveness. Yet, agricultural trade may generate dynamic gains if states or input supply corporations respond to the freer trade environment by making more investments for research and development (R&D). Further, when intraindustry prevails, there can be productivity gains at the industry level due to the transfer of resources from less to more efficient farm producers.Originality/valueThe findings of the paper are expected to present insights into value for researchers working in the area of agricultural trade; for agricultural trade policymakers in developing countries and for trade negotiators engaged in reforming or designing World Trade Organization (WTO)’s trade rules for agriculture.

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