scholarly journals Does Affirmative Action Work? Caste, Gender, College Quality, and Academic Success in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 1495-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendrakumar Bagde ◽  
Dennis Epple ◽  
Lowell Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
College Attendance ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Work Caste ◽  
Admissions Policy ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Disparate Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Caste Structure

Public policy in modern India features affirmative action programs intended to reduce inequality that stems from a centuries-old caste structure and history of disparate treatment by gender. We study the effects of one such affirmative action program: an admissions policy that fixes percentage quotas, common across more than 200 engineering colleges, for disadvantaged castes and for women. We show that the program increases college attendance of targeted students, particularly at relatively higher-quality institutions. An important concern is that affirmative action might harm intended beneficiaries by placing them in academic programs for which they are ill-prepared. We find no evidence of such adverse impacts. (JEL O15, O17, I23, I28, J15, J16, Z13)

The early story: A brief history of the creation of entrepreneurship at Babson College and the discovery of innovation’s missing imperative

2020 ◽  
pp. 095042222097856
Author(s):  
Robert Ronstadt ◽  
Jeffrey Shuman ◽  
Karl Vesper
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Early History ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Institutional Commitment ◽  
Undergraduate Major ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Core Part ◽  
Complete Story

The authors document in detail how the entrepreneurship program was created at Babson College in the 1970s. They recount the early history of Babson’s program because the school was one of the first, if not the first, to make a huge institutional commitment that led to entrepreneurship becoming a core part of its academic programs. At the time, other schools had an entrepreneurship course or two, but Babson’s commitment involved the creation of an undergraduate major, an MBA concentration, an annual research conference, a Distinguished Academy of Entrepreneurs, an Entrepreneurship Chair, and numerous outreach programs. These efforts influenced other universities to increase their entrepreneurship offerings to the extent that a new academic discipline—entrepreneurship studies—was born. A second reason for this article is the belief by those directly involved in the creation of Babson’s program that the complete story has not been told and is in danger of being misunderstood. Like most innovations, the creation of Babson’s entrepreneurship program was not a neat and tidy affair, but one more consistent with the turbulent notions put forth by Joseph Schumpeter and Clayton Christenson. Understanding Babson’s early history with entrepreneurship can help others pursuing or facilitating their own academic innovations.

Peculiar Whiteness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Mellette
Keyword(s):  
Southern Literature ◽  
White Trash ◽  
Poor Whites ◽  
Thomas Dixon ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Disparate Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poor White ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

Peculiar Whiteness argues for deeper consideration of the complexities surrounding the disparate treatment of poor whites throughout southern literature and attests to how broad such experiences have been. While the history of prejudice against this group is not the same as the legacy of violence perpetrated against people of color in America, individuals regarded as ‘white trash’ have suffered a dehumanizing process in the writings of various white authors. Poor white characters are frequently maligned as grotesque and anxiety-inducing, especially when they are aligned in close proximity to blacks or with other troubling conditions such as physical difference. Thus, as a symbol, much has been asked of poor whites, and various iterations of the label (e.g., ‘white trash,’ tenant farmers, or even people with a little less money than average) have been subject to a broad spectrum of judgment, pity, compassion, fear, and anxiety. Peculiar Whiteness engages key issues in contemporary critical race studies, whiteness studies, and southern studies, both literary and historical. Through discussions of authors including Charles Chesnutt, Thomas Dixon, Erskine Caldwell, William Faulkner, and Flannery O’Connor, the book analyzes how we see how whites in a position of power work to maintain their status, often by finding ways to re-categorize and marginalize people who might not otherwise have seemed to fall under the auspices or boundaries of ‘white trash.’

scholarly journals Affirmative Action for Minorities in India: Constraints and Possibilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Mohd. Sanjeer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

India is one of the most socially fragmented and unequal societies of the world. At the same time, it has the distinction of having the longest history of most elaborative affirmative action programmes for alleviating socially structured inequalities. While the affirmative action programmes have wider coverage in terms of social groups, there is continuing demand by new social groups for getting acknowledged as ‘disadvantaged’ and inclusion in the system of affirmative action. While group based ‘reservation’ as the most vital instrument of social justice has long been under fire and grappling with several challenges, the social justice regime is faced with the charge that it has largely excluded nation’s religious minorities. Of course, religion based affirmative action is faced with many constraints; nevertheless there are possibilities for it. This article discusses the constraints and possibilities of affirmative action for disadvantaged religious minorities, Muslims in particular.  

Access to Internet and Internet Shutdown: A Rights Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internet Freedom ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Union Territory ◽  
Different Parts

Access to the internet is fast becoming a basic right given the plethora of information available on the net these days. In the current scenario, the issue of internet shutdown has become an important concern in India. Internet shutdown affects people socially, psychologically and economically. On one hand, many democratic countries of the world are discussing about digital freedom and human rights, while on the other hand, some countries including India are continuously practicing Internet shutdowns in different parts of their countries. India has become the top country of the world in terms of the numbers of Internet shutdowns. The Internet has become such a prominent source of information for all of us that when Internet connectivity is suspended, many people are affected as they depend on the Internet services for various purposes. Internet shutdown is not only harmful to democracy and governance but also to the economy of the country. Internet shutdowns are direct violations of digital freedom and human rights. The main objective of this paper is to argue that access to internet is a basic right and highlight the problem of Internet shutdown in India and its adverse impact on the lives of Indians. In addition, this paper attempts to highlight a brief history of Internet shutdowns in India. The paper shows how frequent clampdowns on internet affects the economy, as has been the case of Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir thereby highlighting the case for internet freedom for the survival of the economy especially in Digital India.

Developing a Nature Rx Program on a College Campus

Nature Rx ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Rakow Donald
Keyword(s):  
College Campus ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
History Of

The chapter traces the history of how physicians began prescribing time in nature. Steps in developing a campus-based Nature Rx program include: organizing a committed group with broad representation across campus, securing support among top administrators, inventorying available green spaces, engaging students, intentionally partnering with health and counseling services, developing easily usable apps and/or websites, cultivating relationships with relevant academic programs, developing an approach to effectively evaluating the program, identifying challenges, and finally modelling the desired behavior around time in nature.

scholarly journals P065: The history of emergency medicine in Ottawa

CJEM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
pp. S100
Author(s):  
D. James ◽  
S. Lamb ◽  
J.R. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Learning Modules ◽  
Ottawa Hospital ◽  
Ottawa Civic Hospital ◽  
History Of

Introduction/Innovation Concept: There is a paucity of peer-reviewed works investigating the History of Emergency Medicine (EM) in Canada, and none examining a single centre. This study analyzed the academic and clinical evolution of EM in the City of Ottawa from its origins to present. Methods: The study comprised primary and secondary historical research and an oral history methodology. A literature review was performed on the following databases: PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, JSTOR, Web of Science, Historical Abstracts; five medical history journals were also searched. Data were collected from City of Ottawa Archives, Archives of the Sisters of Charity of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital Libraries, University of Ottawa Libraries, RCPSC and CFPC Archives, Historical Society of Ottawa documents, Ottawa newspaper archives, and professional correspondences. The oral history component consisted of formal interviews with seven practicing and retired Emergency Physicians in Ottawa. Ethics approval was not required though consent was obtained from respondents. Curriculum, Tool, or Material: The literature review yielded the following: PubMed: 218 results, 180 excluded for non-relevance, 3 papers included in analysis. Historical Abstracts: 1 result, overlap with PubMed. Other databases and medical history journals yielded no papers. Along with extensive archival data, these results were used to construct a detailed timeline of EM history in Ottawa and Canada more broadly. Residency training in EM in Ottawa was initiated in 1972 at the impetus of the Board of the Ottawa Civic Hospital. Two main themes recurred in the interviews: resistance from existing specialties to EM becoming a specialty, and early Emergency Rooms staffed by the least trained people treating the least differentiated patients. Early EM physicians were not viewed positively by other specialists. Conclusion: Pioneering EM physicians were forced to validate the specialty as distinct, rigorous, and credible. In Ottawa this was achieved by developing strong core academics and research. Nationally, this has been instrumental in establishing EM as a viable standalone academic specialty. Modern consult pushback may have evolved from existing specialists fighting against the creation of EM combined with their negative perception of EM physicians. These data could be incorporated into learning modules for EM residency academic programs, and the methods applied to other centres.

Learning Strategies That Help Students SOAR to Success

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Kiewra ◽  
Linlin Luo ◽  
Junrong Lu ◽  
Tiphaine Colliot
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Graphic Organizers ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Strategy Research ◽  
Academic Tasks ◽  
Strategy System ◽  
Processing Theory ◽  
History Of

Students are expected to know how to learn but rarely are taught the learning strategies needed for academic success. There is a long history of learning strategy research that has uncovered many effective and independent strategies students can use to facilitate learning and boost achievement. Unfortunately, researchers have been less successful in devising and promoting integrated and uncomplicated study systems students can employ. A prescriptive strategy system, SOAR, combines four simple and empirically proven strategies that can be readily employed by students for various academic tasks. SOAR is an acronym for the system’s four integrated components: Select, Organize, Associate, and Regulate. Briefly, select refers to selecting and noting key lesson ideas. Organize refers to representing selected information using graphic organizers such as matrices and illustrations. Associate refers to connecting selected ideas to one another and to previous knowledge. Regulate refers to monitoring and assessing one’s own learning. SOAR is based on information-processing theory and is supported by research. Five empirical studies have investigated SOAR strategies compared to students’ preferred strategies or to another strategy system (SQ3R) and found SOAR to be more effective for aiding learning and comparative writing. Specific means for how to employ each SOAR strategy are described such as recording longhand notes and revising them for select, creating appropriate graphic organizers for organize, generating examples and using mnemonics for associate, and using distributed retrieval and error analysis for regulation. Although research on SOAR is just emerging as of 2019, it appears an effective and simple means for directing students in how to learn and study.

The Forgotten Female Offender

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
Ray R. Price
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Female Offender ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Female Crime ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Disparate Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
System Information

Until recently the female offender was generally overlooked by an overwhelmingly male-dominated criminal justice system. Information derived from an extensive search of the literature illustrates the dramatic increase of female crime; it further suggests the potential for modifying the sexist nature of the criminal justice system. Questions are raised about some popular misconceptions pertaining to the data. A review of the history of women's involvement as subjects of the criminal justice system in general, and correction in particular, reveals disparate treatment for men and women throughout that process. Both positive and negative effects of this orientation are examined. The article then focuses on rehabilitation. Attention is directed to particular suggestions for reform, leading to a postulation of new directions in treatment of the female offender.

The Role of Metacognitive Reading Strategies, Metacognitive Study and Learning Strategies, and Behavioral Study and Learning Strategies in Predicting Academic Success in Students With and Without a History of Reading Difficulties

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thérèse M. Chevalier ◽  
Rauno Parrila ◽  
Krista C. Ritchie ◽  
S. Hélène Deacon
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
University Students ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Reading Strategies ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
History Of Reading ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metacognitive Reading Strategies

We examined the self-reported use of reading, study, and learning strategies in university students with a history of reading difficulties (HRD; n = 77) and with no history of reading difficulties (NRD; n = 295). We examined both between-groups differences in strategy use and strategy use as a predictive measure of academic success. Participants completed online questionnaires regarding reading history and strategy use. GPA and frequency of use of academic support services were also obtained for all students. University students with HRD reported a different profile of strategy use than their NRD peers, and self-reported strategy use was differentially predictive of GPA for students with HRD and NRD. For students with HRD, the use of metacognitive reading strategies and the use of study aids predicted academic success. Implications for university student services providers are discussed.

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