scholarly journals Income-Induced Expenditure Switching

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 3898-3931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolfs Bems ◽  
Julian di Giovanni
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Income Effect ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Expenditure Switching ◽  
Group Change

This paper shows that an income effect can drive expenditure switching between domestic and imported goods. We use a unique Latvian scanner-level dataset, covering the 2008–2009 crisis, to document several empirical findings. First, expenditure switching accounted for one-third of the fall in imports, and took place within narrowly defined product groups. Second, there was no corresponding within-group change in relative prices. Third, consumers substituted from expensive imports to cheaper domestic alternatives. These findings motivate us to estimate a model of nonhomothetic consumer demand, which explains two-thirds of the observed expenditure switching. Estimated switching is driven by income, not changes in relative prices. (JEL E21, F14, F31, F32, I11, L81)

Money Demand, Consumer Demand and Relative Prices in Australia

1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (155) ◽  
pp. 338-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH W. CLEMENTS ◽  
PHUONG NGUYEN
Keyword(s):  
Money Demand ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Relative Prices

Relative prices and expenditure switching effect

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (17) ◽  
pp. 2069-2073
Author(s):  
Shikuan Chen ◽  
Ming-Jen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Switching Effect ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Expenditure Switching

Fruit and berry raw materials is a promising source of food ingredients for flour confectionery.

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
L.N. Fedyanina ◽  
◽  
E.S. Smertina ◽  
V.A. Lyakh ◽  
A.E. Elizarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Promising Source

The article considers the problem of improving the range of confectionery from the standpoint of use plant materials of satisfaction by consumer demand in dieteticpreventive foods. The analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature on promising directions of improving the range of dietetic-preventive confectionery is given. It is noted that in the recipes for flour confectionery introduced from non-traditional raw materials containing dietary fiber.

Competitive and Complementary Relations in International Travel: The Case of British Travel to Cyprus

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-420
Author(s):  
Petros Anastasopoulos ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Association ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Demand Equations

This is an econometric analysis of demand for travel to Cyprus by Britons. We examined the competitive and complementary relations between travel to Cyprus and other well-established travel destinations in the Mediterranean basin. Because many package tours include several countries in their destinations within a given journey, and because individual travelers find it more advantageous to visit more than one country in a single trip, it may be meaningful to examine international travel within the contest of groups of countries rather than a single country competing for international travelers. Specifically, we provide an analysis of the competitive and complementary relations existing between the tourism sectors of Cyprus and that of Greece, Spain and Portugal for British travelers. We provide estimates of income and relative price elasticities based of export demand equations upon annual data from 1980-2016. We tested for the stationarity of the variables and derived estimates of the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). These tests confirm a strong association between the incomes of Britons and their decision to travel to Cyprus. Furthermore, we show the relative prices between Cyprus and other competing destinations in the Mediterranean to play an important role in determining British travel to Cyprus.

Effect of Social Norm on Consumer Demand: Multiple Constraint Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Sungjee Choi ◽  
Inwoo Nam ◽  
Jaehwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Norm ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Multiple Constraint ◽  
Constraint Approach

“Analytical Techniques for Development Planning” (A Review Of Tims' Multisector Model For Pakistan'S Third Plan (1965-70))

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-263
Author(s):  
Azizur Rahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Sectoral Output ◽  
Consistency Model ◽  
Present Decade ◽  
Optimizing Model ◽  
Multisector Model

In the present decade there has been a great proliferation of multisectoral models for planning. Part of the incentive has certainly been the potentiality of their application in formulating the actual plans. By now there have been so many different types of multisectoral models that it is useful to attempt some kind of classification according as whether or not they embody certain well-known features. The advantage of such a classification is that one gets a general idea about the structure of the model simply by knowing where it belongs in the list of classification. One broad principle of classification is based on whether the model simply provides a consistent plan or whether it also satisfies some criteria of optimality. A multisectoral consistency model provides an allocation of the scarce resources (e.g., investment and foreign exchange) in such a way that the sectoral output levels are consistent with some given consumption or income target, consistency in this context meaning that the supply of each sector's output is matched by demand generated by intersectoral and final use at base-year relative prices. To the extent that the targets are flexible, there may be many such feasible plans. An optimizing model finds the "best" possible allocation of resources among sectors, the "best" being understood in the sense of maximiz¬ing > a given preference function subject to the constraints that ensure that the plan is also feasible.

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