scholarly journals Disease and Gender Gaps in Human Capital Investment: Evidence from Niger's 1986 Meningitis Epidemic

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Archibong ◽  
Francis Annan
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines whether disease burdens, especially prevalent in the tropics, contribute significantly to widening gender gaps in educational attainment. We estimate the impact of sudden exposure to the 1986 meningitis epidemic in Niger on girls' education relative to boys. Our results suggest that increases in meningitis cases during epidemic years significantly reduce years of education disproportionately for primary school-aged going girls in areas with higher meningitis exposure. There is no significant effect for boys in the same cohort and no effects of meningitis exposure for non-epidemic years. Our findings have broader implications for climate-induced disease effects on social inequality.

scholarly journals Getting a Barista Job: Adjudicating the Impact of Human Capital, Social Capital, Age and Gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Ed Collom
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
High Status ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This study concerns the role of human capital, social capital, age, and gender in acquiring a job as an entry-level barista. Employment records were coded and analyzed in order to identify the key factors differentiating this applicant pool. The results from multivariate models produce fewer positive associations between human capital and social capital indicators than the literature suggests. Those with greater educational attainment are more likely to have high-status references on their applications. As seen in previous literature, the social capital of applicants is not very relevant in acquiring this entry-level job. Overall, educational attainment was most salient in increasing the odds of being interviewed and hired. The managers responsible for these decisions appear to favor formal higher education over work experience or references. The findings are discussed vis-à-vis women’s gains in higher education, the growth of the service sector, and the aging of the U.S. population.

scholarly journals The Impact of Investment in Human Capital on the Exports of Goods and Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-192
Author(s):  
Samina Siddique ◽  
Zafar Mahmood ◽  
Shabana Noureen
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Impact

With the growth of services economy worldwide, it has become essential for policymakers to comprehend the export competitiveness of nations to identify offshore export locations or alternatively offer their own sites as an exporting location. Human capital investment is considered as a key component in attracting foreign countries for outsourcing purposes. Earlier studies have shown mixed role of human capital investment on off shoring activities. This study assesses the effects of control variables (business environment, wages and IT infrastructure) and human capital investment on export of goods and services from the selected Asian outsourcing countries. Panel Estimated Generalized Least Square (EGLS) technique is used with country weights to specifically overcome the problem of autocorrelation. Empirical findings show that investment in human capital is significant for both goods and services exports. We found a large impact of human capital investment on exports of goods and services in selected Asian countries as compared to selected developed countries. Empirical findings further suggest that human capital is more essential for export of goods than export of services. From these findings, the study draws important implications for policymaking in countries who intend to offer themselves as an attractive location for exporting and for those who intend to locate their production activities overseas.

scholarly journals SALESPERSON HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND HETEROGENEOUS EXPORT ENTERPRISES PERFORMANCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-629
Author(s):  
Yongliang Zhao ◽  
Weihua Ruan ◽  
Yonghong Jiang ◽  
Junnan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Sales Managers ◽  
Management Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Staff Level

This paper aims to study the impact of salesperson human capital investment on the export performance of heterogeneous enterprises in China. To distinguish the different effects on the staff level and the management level, we define the human capital investment for the overall salespersons as human capital investment I and the human capital investment for the sales managers as human capital investment II, respectively measured by the salary of the ordinary salespersons and the ratio of expenses to sales. We find that human capital investment I has a significant positive effect on export performance, while human capital investment II shows a “positive U-shaped” relationship with export performance. Considering the heterogeneity of enterprise, the positive effect of human capital investment I is more significant than that of human capital investment II in enterprises with high R&D intensity. Moreover, with the improvement of technology intensity, both the promotion of human capital investment I and human capital investment II would generate greater influence on export performance.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF HOTELS' TRAINING ON OVERNIGHTS, REGIONAL GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT

2015 ◽  
pp. 213-222
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
The Impact

The role of human capital and, more specifically, the role of on the job training, has been widely analysed in the economic literature. Moreover, in the field of hospitality and tourism some studies focus on the relationship between training and hotel performance. This paper goes beyond this goal. It analyses the role of training on the hotel occupancy but, furthermore, it measures the impact of this human capital investment on the growth of a region, measured in terms of production, added value and employment. It combines both, microeconomic data from a database of two hundred hotels and the macro perspective of the Balearic Input-Output table, allowing measurement of the positive externalities that human capital investment in the hotel sector generates through the rest of the economy. Results show a positive and significant impact on potential growth and employment that goes beyond the strictly tourism-related sectors. In terms of policy recommendations, this work gives meaning to the promotion of public policies encouraging training practices at hotel level.

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