scholarly journals Child Penalties across Countries: Evidence and Explanations

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Kleven ◽  
Camille Landais ◽  
Johanna Posch ◽  
Andreas Steinhauer ◽  
Josef Zweimüller
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Event Studies ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
First Child ◽  
And Gender

This paper provides evidence on child penalties in female and male earnings in different countries. The estimates are based on event studies around the birth of the first child, using the specification proposed by Kleven et al. (2018). The analysis reveals some striking similarities in the qualitative effects of children across countries, but also sharp differences in the magnitude of the effects. We discuss the potential role of family policies (parental leave and childcare provision) and gender norms in explaining the observed differences.

The social investment approach and gender division of housework across East Asia and Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-188
Author(s):  
Mi Young An
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Division Of Housework ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Formal Childcare

This chapter discusses the issue of the gender division of housework, focusing on how formal childcare services and parental leave provisions are related to it. It comparatively studies the extent to which family policies are related to housework division in countries in East Asia and Europe. The chapter finds parental leave, which supports women as paid workers, is significant in Europe, but formal childcare services, which support women's deviant gender-roles, are significant when the examination is extended to East Asian countries. Gendered political power relations become significant only when Japan and Korea are added to the analysis. Neither gender-role ideology nor structural constraints, measured as gender wage gap, was an important macro-level factor. Ultimately, the chapter addresses how these results are related to the social investment approach to family and explains why the division of housework in East Asian countries remains highly gendered.

Labour Market Outcomes in Bangladesh: The Role of Poverty and Gender Norms

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bridges ◽  
David Lawson ◽  
Sharifa Begum
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Working against many grains: Rethinking difference, emancipation and agency in the counter-discourse of an ethnic minority women’s organisation in Belgium

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nella Van Den Brandt ◽  
Chia Longman
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Sexual Diversity ◽  
Religious Reform ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way ◽  
Structural Inequalities

In this article, we aim to contribute to feminist academic debates about multiculturalism and secularism/religion by drawing upon an analysis of an ethnic minority women’s organisation in Belgium that has been active since 1999: ella. The analysis focuses upon the way in which ella constructs notions of empowerment and emancipation by discussing structural inequalities, cultural-ethnic values and religious authority and identity. First, we look at how ella formulates its ideas about the emancipation trajectories of minoritised women and the potential role of religious belonging. Second, we look at ella’s discussion of religious interpretation and gender/sexual diversity. Here, we explore assumptions about the relationship between religious authority and minoritised women’s and LGBTQs’ desires and pursuit for knowledge. We conclude by considering ella as an affirmative-critical actor of multiculturalism, and an implicit agent of religious reform.

Career interruptions and current remuneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-878
Author(s):  
Benedikt Gerst ◽  
Christian Grund
Keyword(s):  
Middle Managers ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Career Interruptions ◽  
Bonus Payments ◽  
Wage Regressions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Salary Survey ◽  
Wage Increases

Purpose Career interruptions of employees imply important issues for both firms and individuals, including a possibly lower compensation after returning to a job. Different compensation components are explored, as bonus payments frequently complement fixed salaries for many employees, making various channels of lower compensation possible. This paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on a yearly salary survey among a rather homogeneous group of professionals and middle managers from the German chemical sector, which contains detailed information on compensation components next to individual and job characteristics. The incidence and duration of past career interruptions act as the most important independent variables. Mincer-type wage regressions are complemented by estimations on wage increases. Findings The results show that career interruptions are more related to lower subsequent bonus payments than they are to fixed salaries. Furthermore, interruptions caused by unemployment are associated with higher interruption pay gaps than those resulting from other reasons such as parental leave. The results even hint for catch-up effects following parental leave with regard to higher wage increases compared to individuals without interruptions. Career interruptions are more prevalent for female managers offering an explanation for a considerable part of gender pay gaps. Wage losses after career interruptions are more pronounced for male employees than they are for females, though. Originality/value This study extents the literature by disentangling the relation of career interruptions and different compensation components, bonus payments next to fixed salaries in particular. The role of interruption type and gender are also taken into account so that the paper deepens the understanding of the role of past career interruptions for employees’ remuneration.

“It was Necessary at the Beginning to Make This Whole Revolution”

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Suwada
Keyword(s):  
Family Policy ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Parental Roles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Policy Systems

This article compares and contrasts the attitudes of Polish and Swedish fathers to individualized or gender-neutral parental leaves popularly referred to as “daddy quotas.” The comparisons of two distinctively different societies that are characterized by very different family policy systems and gender-equality policies allow the article to explore how family policies help to shape men’s attitudes to parenthood and gendered parenting roles. Polish family policy is mother oriented and only recently started to address the social citizenship rights of fathers. Polish men’s role in the family is still normatively coded in terms of male breadwinning. Whereas in Sweden, there is a long tradition of gender-neutral parental leave and a normative and institutionalized social policy tradition of encouraging fathers into greater engagement with care work. This study shows that institutional contexts, in particular parental-leave provisions, impact how men perceive their own parental roles and their own interpretations of prevailing models of masculinities.

scholarly journals Distinction or Discrimination?A Qualitative Study of Sustainable growth of Women-Owned Technology based SMEs in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Syed Khurram Ali Jafri ◽  
Wafa Khurram
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Significant Factors

Technopreneurship development and its significance in economic growth has led world’s economies to identify the potential role of growth-oriented women-owned technology based SMEs for economic gains. The existing literature on growth among women owned firms, however, exclusively elucidates dearth of empirical research of this phenomenon particularly in transitional economies. This qualitative study is an attempt to reveal the most significant factors that influence the sustainable growth of women owned technology SMEs in Malaysia. The findings from semi-structured interviews from policy makers explain that sustainable growth among these women owned technology based SMEs appears to be entwined in both personal factors related to distinctiveness of these firms as well as external factors associated with socio-cultural discrimination. Several practical and managerial implications have been provided to enlighten policy makers and women technopreneurs on one hand and enhance theoretical knowledge of researchers in the field of technology, innovation and gender.

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