Measuring and Predicting Maturity to Parenthood: What Has Personality Got to Do with It?

Maturity to parenthood is essential for taking on parental roles but remains an understudied issue. Still, close relations between maturity and personality dimensions are commonly emphasized. Thus, conducting research on maturity in context of personality seems a valuable research direction. The present research consists of two studies, focusing on the development and validation of Maturity to Parenthood Scale (MPS), in relation to personality, emotional regulation, coping with challenges, and intimate relationship satisfaction. In both studies, childless adults aged 20–35 years took part: (1) 718 participants (Mage = 25.49; SD = 2.89; 479 women), (2) 150 participants (Mage = 23.69; SD = 3.15; 104 women). All the participants had been in an intimate relationship for at least six months at the time of the study, the majority declared their willingness to have children in the future, had higher education, and were professionally active. The results showed that MPS is a reliable, valid measure comprising the following three subscales: valence, behavioral, and cognitive–emotional maturity to parenthood. The findings also confirmed the importance of broad- and narrow-band individual differences and contextual factors for maturity. MPS may be used in psychoeducation, supporting the transition to biological or adoptive/foster parenthood, as well as in medical and psychological care.

Parental Role Changes in Romanian Transnational Families: Consequences of Migration

Even if there are consistent studies on the issue of transnational families, research is still needed to address the parental role changes in these families. The aim of this article was to identify the main changes in the parental roles of Romanian transnational families as a result of the parents’ labor migration. We used interviewing as the research method and directed content analysis to analyze the data. Purposive sampling was conducted in order to identify the interviewees. The results captured important role changes regarding the income provider role of the parent, but especially the role of emotional support provider that the parent should take on for the children. These findings highlight the need to develop specific measures to address the possible negative effects that affect these transnational families.

Wychowanie społeczne w myśli konserwatywnej w Polsce 1945–1962

Social Education in Conservative Thought in Poland 1945–1962 The end of World War II involved, among other things, new scientific considerations in the field of pedagogy. One area of interest was social education. In Poland in the period 1945–1962 two main concepts developed: first, a dominant, materialistic, communist-inspired ideology, and second, a concept inspired by conservative thought and Catholic assumptions that developed outside the mainstream of reflections on education. The aim of the article is to present the threads relating to social education, which appeared after 1945 in the work of representatives of Polish pedagogical thought functioning outside the main socialist paradigm. I focus on the conservative thought with the most oppositional potential in Poland, which was presented at that time mainly by Catholic-oriented educators. On the basis of primary source analysis, I draw attention to the issues that arise in this area: social virtues, family education and preparation for marital and parental roles, as well as national, state, and political education.

Strengthening Parent’s Engagement Amidst Pandemic: A Grounded Theory

The study mainly focused on determining how the parents support and assist their children while studying at home because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It utilized qualitative research with grounded theory as an approach. Using one-on-one interviews, the researchers generated emerging themes from constant comparative analysis of data collected about parents' engagement in children's education in the new normal. Participants of this study were the 27 purposively chosen parents of Calamba Bayside Integrated School. The study was conducted during the school year 2020-2021. In this study, parents describe their experiences regarding their roles in delivering lessons to their children. It also explores the strategies or ways of parents in providing support and assistance to their children while learning at home. The researchers analyzed and interpreted these using initial coding, focused coding, theoretical coding, and axial coding. The results revealed that parents provide support and assistance in the education of their children. These are by sharing inputs, consistent guidance, and provision of their children's educational needs. On the other hand, the challenges experienced by them include parents' level of knowledge, parents' time constraints, and parents' diverse roles. The researchers generated the Theory of Evolving Parental Roles, which refers to the functions of parents in education in the new normal.

Joint custody in cases of family breakdown: selected contexts

The institution of joint custody is a relatively new phenomenon in Poland. It is still relatively scarcely discussed and explored in legal studies or in pedagogy or psychology. The increasing interest in this form of custody in the situation of parents’ divorce results mainly from the ongoing transformation of parental roles, including the renewed recognition of the role and significance of the father in the child’s life. In cases of family breakdown, joint custody is sought as a solution whose primary objective is the good of the child. The aim of this article is to explore issues related to the use and popularization of joint custody in Poland, to outline changes in legislation regarding the regulations and possibilities of applying for joint custody and to critically analyse the current research on the advantages and disadvantages of joint custody in the context of the psychosocial development of the child in the context of parents’ divorce.

Analysis of Gender Fairness of Primary School Mathematics Textbooks in Turkey

This study aimed to analyse whether primary school mathematics textbooks in Turkey (grades 1 to 4) are fair concerning gender. The study analysed four mathematics textbooks approved by the Ministry of National Education and published for use in the 2019-2020 school year. These books were examined in terms of the ratio of the appearances of women and men, the activities performed by each gender, the professional and family roles assigned to these individuals, and who (children/adults) and where (outdoors/indoors) people were. In addition, famous people and characters mentioned in the books were investigated regarding their genders. Fistly, content analysis was used to determine the frequencies of the categorises; then a chi-square test was performed to determined whether there are significant differences in these categories regarding genders. The findings reveal some evidence of equality, including a balanced proportion of females/males appearing, and the presentation of girls and boys in all categories. However, gender inequality is still persistent in terms of the adults’ activities, occupational and parental roles, locations in which they are presented and people with whom they are shown. The results show that the textbooks contribute to the reproduction of gender stereotypes by presenting images of adults shaped by a sexist view.

The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education, Personality, and the Role of Parents Through Self Efficacy on Interest in Entrepreneurship

This study aimed to determine the effect of entrepreneurship education, personality, and the role of parents through self efficacy towards the interest in entrepreneurship. The population in this study were all students of class XI of SMK PGRI Blora 2017/2018 academic year totaling 127 students. This study used a saturated sample technique using the population as a study sample. Methods of collecting data used a questionnaire. The data analysis method used descriptive statistical analysis and path analysis. The results showed that (1) Entrepreneurship education, personality, self-efficacy had a positive and significant effect on the interest in entrepreneurship, but not with the role of parents who did not positively and significantly affect the interest in entrepreneurship (2) Entrepreneurship education, personality, and parental roles had a positive and significant effect on self efficacy (3) Self efficacy positively and significantly mediated entrepreneurship education, personality, and the role of parents in the interest in entrepreneurship.

How to Avoid "Unenlightened Sorrow": A Statistical Analysis of Plain Remarriage

This article is a basic quantitative analysis of widowhood and remarriage trends among several Plain churches. When compared to past studies of similar topics, a remarkable consistency of findings across both time and sect can be identified. Bereaved Plain spouses have largely experienced widowhood along separate gender-specific paths, in data sets ranging from 1730 to 2019 and from relatively liberal to traditional communities. Positing that much of Amish and Amish Mennonite society is designed to socialize and retain children, this article offers opportunities for deeper study of the parental roles undergirding that society. The primary research suggestions include spousal function in the context of family life, the various factors influencing the health of bereaved spouses, and the "marriage squeeze" present in many churches. The central data sets used in this study were collected from the 2019 edition of the Amish Mennonite Directory and the 2015 Church Directory of the Lancaster County Amish and Outlying Daughter Settlements. These reference books were sampled on a one-in-five and one-in-three basis, respectively. The resultant widowhood cases were contextualized by widowhood cases from studies by Elmer Lewis Smith and researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine.

The Role of Parents in Online Learning at SMK 2 Respati Jakarta

Online learning is distance learning that utilizes telecommunications and information technology. Online is used as a learning model during the corona pandemic to anticipate the spread of the Covid-19. In the learning process this is less effective because there is still a lack of parental roles in mentoring, supervising and motivating children while attending school from home. Parents are the first and foremost educators in the family environment. The purpose of this study was to find out how the role of parents in online learning at SMA Respati Jakarta and what obstacles were encountered in assisting children during learning. The research used is a qualitative descriptive study. data collection was done through filling out online questionnaires via google form, and interviews. The results showed that parents play a very important role in the teaching and learning process during learning from home. Where parents act as motivators, facilitators in accompanying and teaching materials that have not been maximally delivered by teachers due to limitations during this pandemic.

Life-course Variations in Spouses’ Division of Roles in Urban Areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Despite a growing acceptance of egalitarian gender attitudes, there is no empirical evidence about the division of roles between wives and husbands and its variation across their family life in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). This paper uses data from the 2014 to 2015 Time Use Survey, representing urban areas of the IRI, to examine the dynamics of the spouses’ division of roles across their family life. The findings confirm a gender division of roles. The mapping of the spouses’ role behaviours during their family life provides a combination of gender similarities and differences. Role configurations (or role variations across family life) clearly differ between spouses but the pathways (or life-course variations in role behaviours) are quite similar in some roles (i.e., community, individual and parental roles) and different in others (i.e., occupational and domestic roles). To the extent that the existing gender patterns are perceived as unjustified, they can be consequential not only for marital satisfaction and quality, but also for marriage and childbearing decisions.