scholarly journals Lymphatic drainage of Listeria inonocytogenes and Indian ink inoculated in the peritoneal cavity of the mouse

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Marco ◽  
M. Domingo ◽  
J. Ruberte ◽  
A. Carretero ◽  
V. Briones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Intracellular Bacterium ◽  
Lymph Drainage ◽  
Systemic Dissemination ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation

The lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity has been investigated by intraperitoneal inoculation of an intracellular bacterium ( Listeria monocytogenes) and an inert marker (Indian ink). The results reveal that both agents are transported, either after phagocytosis by intraperitoneal macro phages or in suspension in the lymph, towards the cranial sternal lymph nodes ( Lymphonodi sternales craniales) of the ventral thoracic Iymphocentrum ( Lymphocentrum thoracicum ventrale) and to the lymph nodes of the mediastinal lymphocentrum ( Lymphocentrum mediastinale), prior to systemic dissemination. This mechanism of peritoneal lymph drainage has relevance on experimental studies involving the inoculation of pathogens, and on the investigation of metastatic diffusion of neoplasms from the peritoneum.

scholarly journals Postmastectomic lymphedema prevention: modern possibilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
V. F. Baytinger ◽  
O. S. Kurochkina ◽  
E. G. Zvonarev ◽  
A. A. Loyt
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Posterior Surface ◽  
Lymph Drainage ◽  
Lateral Group ◽  
Preoperative Mapping

A three-dimensional computer model of the topographic and anatomical variants of the lymph nodes in the axillary fossa gives reason to doubt the indisputability of the known data on the normal anatomy of the lymph nodes. This mainly concerns the presence of a lateral (shoulder) group of axillary lymph nodes (4-6 nodes), which can be located not only on the medial, but also on the posterior surface of the shoulder. In some cases, this group of axillary lymph nodes is generally absent in its typical place and is in close proximity to the central (intermediate) group of lymph nodes. Attention to the lateral (shoulder) group of lymph nodes is due to the fact that through them lymph drainage occurs from the entire superficial (epifascial) lymphatic system of the volar surface of the upper limb (skin and subcutaneous tissue). From the lateral group of lymph nodes, lymph drainage goes either to the central group or to the deltapectoral lymph nodes. In the course of axillary lymph node dissection of I, II and III levels in breast cancer, it is possible to save only the deltapectal lymph node with its afferent and efferent vessels, which provides full-fledged lymphatic drainage from the dorsolateral surface of the upper limb. But in this situation, without lymphatic drainage (superficial and deep) with preserved lymph production, the inner (volar) part of the upper limb remains, where lymphostasis begins to develop. An exception is the variant of localization of the brachial group of lymph nodes on the posterior surface of the shoulder, in which it is possible to preserve the lateral group of lymph nodes, which does not fall into the block of adipose tissue with other regional lymph nodes, and therefore partially preserve the lymph drainage from the medial surface of the ipsilateral upper limb towards the deltapectoral lymph node. Taking into account the topographic and anatomical variability of the lymph drainage collectors in the axillary fossa and the varied nature of the involvement of lymph nodes in the metastatic process, in each clinical case, the standard preoperative mapping of axillary lymph nodes (reverse lymphatic mapping) does not allow predicting the risk and timing of the development of postoperative upper limb lymphedema. The advantage of our technology two-contrast fluorescent lymphography - is the possibility of visual differentiation of all elements of lymph drainage from the mammary gland (indocyanine green - ICG) and the ipsilateral upper limb (methylene blue - MB). According to the results of the study, it will be possible to clarify the localization of the lateral (shoulder) group of axillary lymph nodes, topographic and anatomical features of the lymphatic drainage collectors in the axillary fossa and indications for lymphovenous shunting for primary surgical prevention of postmastectomy lymphedema of the upper limb.

Quantitation of Lymphatic Drainage of the Peritoneal Cavity in Sheep: Comparison of Direct Cannulation Techniques with Indirect Methods to Estimate L Ymph Flow

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Tran ◽  
Helen Rodela ◽  
John B. Hay ◽  
Dimitrios Oreopoulos ◽  
Miles G. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Lymph Drainage ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Drainage Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Drainage ◽  
Ultrafiltration Failure ◽  
Lymph Duct ◽  
The Right

Objective It has been suggested that lymphatics may contribute to ultrafiltration failure in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) byabsorbing dialysate and ultrafiltrate from the peritoneal cavity. In most studies lymphatic drainage has been estimated from the disappearance of an instilled tracer from the peritoneal cavity or estimated from the appearance of an intraperitoneally administered tracer in the bloodstream. However, in sheep it is possible to cannulate several of the relevant lymphatics that drain the peritoneal cavity and assess lymph drainage parameters directly. The purpose of this study was to estimate lymph drainage from the peritoneal cavity in sheep using the disappearance of tracer from the cavity and the appearance of intraperitoneally instilled tracer in the bloodstream and to compare these results with those obtained from our previous studies using cannulation techniques. Design Experiments were performed in anesthetized and nonanesthetized animals. Volumes of 50 mL/kg of Dianeal 4.25% containing 25 μCi of 1251-albumin were infused into the peritoneal cavity. Results In anesthetized sheep the calculated peritoneal lymph drainage from monitoring the disappearance of tracer from the peritoneal cavity over 6 hours was 1.873±0.364 mL/kg/hour. Monitoring the appearance of tracer in the blood gave significantly lower peritoneal lymph flow rates of 1.094±0.241 mL/kg/hour. Directly measured lymph flow rates from our earlier publication were lower still and ranged from 0.156±0.028 -0.265±0.049 mL/hour/kg, depending on how we estimated the right lymph duct contribution to peritoneal drainage, since we could not cannulate this vessel. We repeated these experiments in conscious sheep. The value for lymph flow estimated from the disappearance of tracer from the peritoneal cavity was 2.398±0.617 mL/hour/kg and from the appearance of tracer in the blood, 1.424±0.113 mL/ hour/kg. The1ymph flow rates monitored from indwelling lymphatic catheters ranged from 1.021 ±0.186 -1.523±0.213 mL/hour/kg (again, depending on our estimates for the right lymph duct). Conclusions Lymph flow rates measured from indwelling lymphatic catheters provided the most conservative values for lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity under dialysis conditions. Estimates of lymphatic drainage based on the appearance of tracer in the blood gave values that were on average higher. The method using the disappearance of tracer from the cavity to estimate lymph flows overestimated peritoneal lymph drainage. Fluid was lost from the peritoneal cavity, and the estimated proportion of liquid lost through lymphatic drainage depended on the technique used to measure lymph flow rates.

Lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity in sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. F353-F358 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Abernethy ◽  
W. Chin ◽  
J. B. Hay ◽  
H. Rodela ◽  
D. Oreopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Lymphatic Absorption

Lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity has been investigated in anesthetized sheep. Studies involving intraperitoneal administration of a complex of Evans blue dye and bovine serum albumin demonstrated the existence of three anatomically distinct pathways. In the first pathway, dye is removed from the peritoneal cavity by diaphragmatic lymphatics that pass into caudal sternal lymph nodes. Efferent lymphatics from these nodes transport the material to cranial sternal lymph nodes. Efferent cranial sternal lymphatics then convey the material either directly or indirectly, via tracheal lymphatic trunks, to the right lymph duct. In the second pathway, the complex is transported from the peritoneal cavity by diaphragmatic lymphatics that pass into the caudal mediastinal lymph node. Efferent lymphatic ducts from this node transport the material to the thoracic duct. The third pathway appears to involve transport of the dye across the mesothelial lining of the abdominal viscera and removal from the interstitium by afferent visceral lymphatics. Material taken up in this manner is ultimately transported to the thoracic duct by efferent visceral lymphatics. Experiments involving measurements of lymphatic absorption of 125I-labeled human serum albumin from the peritoneal cavity indicated that, over the 6-h period studied, 4.55 +/- 1.20 and 1.43 +/- 0.56% of the injected tracer could be recovered in thoracic duct lymph and caudal mediastinal efferent lymph, respectively, and the sum of these values represented 26% of the recovered radioactivity. On the other hand, 16.95 +/- 6.93% of the injected radioactivity could be found in the blood over the same period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Reduced Lymphatic Drainage of Dialysate from the Peritoneal Cavity during Acute Peritonitis in Sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Rodela ◽  
Zheng-Yi Yuan ◽  
John B. Hay ◽  
Dimitrios G. Oreopoulos ◽  
Miles G. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Lymph Drainage ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Acute Peritonitis ◽  
Conscious Sheep ◽  
The Right

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute peritonitis on lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity in conscious sheep Design Peritonitis was induced with the addition of 1% casein or 1% albumin to the dialysis solution. Thirty sheep (5 groups of 6) were used in this study. One group received 50 mL/kg intraperitoneal infusions of Dianeal 4.25% (486 mOsm/L); a second group received 1% casein-DianeaI4.25% (493 mOsm/L); a third group received 1% albumin-Dianeal 4.25% (487 mOsm/L). In the fourth and fifth groups (controls and casein-injected) lymph was collected from the caudal mediastinal lymph node and the thoracic duct, both of which are involved in the lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity (peritonitis induced with casein). 1251-human serum albumin (25 μCi) was added to the dialysate as the lymph flow marker. Lymph drainage was estimated from (1) the appearance of the intraperitoneally administered tracer in the blood; (2) the disappearance of the tracer from the peritoneal cavity; and (3) the recovery of tracer in lymph. Results In noncannulated animals the cumulative volume removed by lymphatics over 6 hours (based on tracer recovery in blood) was 10.5 ±1.0 mL/kg in control animals versus 5.0 ± 0.6 mL/kg and 8.6 ± 1.2 mL/kg in casein and albumin-infused sheep, respectively. The suggestion of decreased lymph drainage in peritonitis was supported by the cannulation experiments. While the cumulative fluid removed from the peritoneal cavity over 6 hours in caudal lymph was unaffected by peritonitis (3.8 ± 0.4 mL/kg in controls vs 3.6 ± 0.5 mL/kg in casein injected animals), peritonitis reduced flow into the thoracic duct from 3.0 ± 0.3 to 1.1 ± 0.3 mL/kg. The sum of the volume removed in lymph in the cannulated preparations was 6.8 ± 0.4 mL/kg in controls versus 4.7 ± 0.5 mL/kg in the peritonitis group. The total volume removed from the cavity (including an estimate of flow based on the residual recovery of tracer in blood) was reduced from 12.6 ±1.4 in controls to 7.8 ± 0.6 mL/kg in the peritonitis sheep. In contrast, estimates of lymph drainage based on the disappearance of tracer from the peritoneal cavity suggested that lymph drainage increased (from 16.6 ±1.6 mL/kg in controls to 17.8 ±1.5 mL/kg and 25.5 ±1.7 mL/kg in the casein and albumin groups, respectively, in noncannulated animals and from 15.3 ± 1.4 mL/kg in controls to 25.0 ± 1.7 mL/kg in the cannulated group). In both noncannulated and cannulated sheep the total recovery of tracer was less in the peritonitis groups. Conclusions These studies demonstrated that lymph drainage of the peritoneal space was decreased in a casein peritonitis model. The decrease in lymph drainage is most obvious in the visceral pathway leading to the thoracic duct; however, diaphragmatic drainage into the right lymph duct may also be inhibited. The disappearance of tracer from the peritoneal cavity was elevated during peritonitis. Tracer disappearance has been used to estimate lymph drainage, but this approach suggested, incorrectly, that lymph flow had increased.

Immunohistochemical Identification of Lymphatic Vessels in the Periodontium of Equine Cheek Teeth

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Staszyk ◽  
Katja F. Duesterdieck ◽  
Hagen Gasse ◽  
Astrid Bienert
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Lymphatic Endothelium ◽  
Lymph Drainage ◽  
Mandibular Bone ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Distinct Distribution ◽  
Immunohistochemical Identification

Immunohistochemical detection of lymphatic capillaries was performed in the periodontium of maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth from 6 horses (aged 3–23 years). Tissue sections of the periodontium were taken at 4 different horizontal levels along the long axis of the tooth. The specimens were processed for immunoreaction with anti-Proxl, in order to distinguish lymphatic endothelium from blood vascular endothelium. Lymphatic vessels were detected in all periodontal tissues except for the dental cementum. Lymphatic capillaries were most densely distributed in the gingiva compared to other tissues of the periodontium. Lymphatic capillaries were found most consistently in samples taken from the gingival and subgingival regions in all horses examined. Within these levels, the gingiva as well as the spongiosa of the maxillary and mandibular bone had the greatest incidence of lymphatic vessels. Considering the distinct distribution of the lymphatic capillaries in the periodontium of the maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth, two complementary lymphatic drainage pathways are proposed: (1) superficial lymph drainage via the gingiva, emptying into the mandibular lymph nodes; (2) deep lymph drainage via the mandibular and maxillary spongiosa, emptying into the mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, respectively.

51Cr-RBCs and 125I-albumin as markers to estimate lymph drainage of the peritoneal cavity in sheep

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Yuan ◽  
H. Rodela ◽  
J. B. Hay ◽  
D. Oreopoulos ◽  
M. G. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Lymph Drainage ◽  
Ringer Lactate ◽  
Tracer Concentration ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Lymph Duct ◽  
Conscious Sheep

The purpose of this study was to compare the use of 125I-labeled human serum albumin (125I-HSA) and autologous 51Cr-labeled red blood cells (51Cr-RBCs) as lymph flow markers to estimate lymph drainage of the peritoneal cavity in conscious sheep. In one group, we assessed lymph drainage from the appearance of intraperitoneally administered tracer in the bloodstream. To determine distribution of drainage into discrete lymph compartments, in a second group of studies, lymph was collected from the caudal mediastinal lymph node and the thoracic duct, both of which are involved in lymphatic drainage of the ovine peritoneal cavity. Ringer lactate solution (50 ml/kg) containing 8–10 microCi each of 125I-HSA and 51Cr-RBCs was infused into the peritoneal cavity. Lymph drainage was calculated by dividing the change in mass of tracer in the blood or lymph compartments by the average intraperitoneal tracer concentration. In noncannulated animals, lymph drainage averaged over 6 h was higher with 125I-HSA as tracer (1.35 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.62 +/- 0.19 ml.h-1.kg-1 with 51Cr-RBCs). A similar pattern was noted in terms of drainage into the caudal lymphatic (0.89 +/- 0.23 and 0.52 +/- 0.19 ml.h-1.kg-1 with 125I-HSA and 51Cr-RBCs, respectively) and thoracic duct (0.16 +/- 0.06 and 0.05 +/- 0.02 ml.h-1.kg-1 with 125I-HSA and 51Cr-RBCs, respectively). Analysis of 125I-HSA and 51Cr-RBC concentrations in lymph and intraperitoneal fluid suggested sieving of RBCs at the diaphragmatic stomata or lymph nodes. Using 125I-HSA as tracer and combining data from noncannulated and cannulated sheep, we estimated peritoneal lymph drainage to be 1.35 ml.h-1.kg-1, with 66% of this flow drained by the caudal vessel, 22% by the parasternal pathway (right lymph duct), and 12% by the thoracic duct.

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