scholarly journals Blood lead and blood pressure. An analysis of health examination materials in two companies for lead poisoning.

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 754-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Fukaya ◽  
Yoshiyuki Ohno ◽  
Tadao Matsumoto ◽  
Miwako Arafuka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Health Examination

scholarly journals Blood lead level and risk of hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Fung Tsoi ◽  
Chris Wai Hang Lo ◽  
Tommy Tsang Cheung ◽  
Bernard Man Yung Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Lead Levels

AbstractLead is a heavy metal without a biological role. High level of lead exposure is known to be associated with hypertension, but the risk at low levels of exposure is uncertain. In this study, data from US NHANES 1999–2016 were analyzed. Adults with blood lead and blood pressure measurements, or self-reported hypertension diagnosis, were included. If not already diagnosed, hypertension was defined according to the AHA/ACC 2017 hypertension guideline. Results were analyzed using R statistics version 3.5.1 with sample weight adjustment. Logistic regression was used to study the association between blood lead level and hypertension. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated. Altogether, 39,477 participants were included. Every doubling in blood lead level was associated with hypertension (OR [95%CI] 1.45 [1.40–1.50]), which remained significant after adjusting for demographics. Using quartile 1 as reference, higher blood lead levels were associated with increased adjusted odds of hypertension (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: 1.22 [1.09–1.36]; Quartile 3 vs. Quartile 1: 1.15 [1.04–1.28]; Quartile 2 vs. Quartile 1: 1.14 [1.05–1.25]). In conclusion, blood lead level is associated with hypertension in the general population with blood lead levels below 5 µg/dL. Our findings suggest that reducing present levels of environmental lead exposure may bring cardiovascular benefits by reducing blood pressure.

Blood lead levels and risk factors for lead poisoning among children in Jakarta, Indonesia

2003 ◽  
Vol 301 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Albalak ◽  
Gary Noonan ◽  
Sharunda Buchanan ◽  
W.Dana Flanders ◽  
Carol Gotway-Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Lead Levels

Lead Poisoning: Twenty Years After

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-505
Author(s):  
HENRIETTA SACHS ◽  
DONALD I. MOEL
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

To the Editor.— In October 1991, the Centers for Disease Control decreased the blood lead level PbB) from 25 to 10 µg/dL and designated it as abnormal because of "overwhelming and compelling scientific evidence"1 that 10 µg/dL is associated with adverse neurobehavioral development. We have evidence to the contrary, obtained in a long-term follow-up of severely lead-poisoned children whom we treated before 1972 for PbBs between 80 and 470 µg/dL (mean, 150.3 ± 77.1 µg/dL); their mean age was 28 months.

Screening for Lead Poisoning: Measurements and Methodology

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-304
Author(s):  
Gordon D. McLaren ◽  
William F. Barthel ◽  
Philip Landrigan
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Concentration ◽  
Extensive Experience

Piomelli et al.1 have presented an extensive experience in comparison of free erythrocyte porphyrin (FEP) levels with blood lead concentrations. Their finding that an FEP ≥ 250µg/100 ml RBC was invariably associated with a blood lead concentration ≥ 6Oµg/100 ml is consistent with data obtained in our laboratory2 using a somewhat different microfluorometric method for FEP determination.3 We must, however, take issue with the conclusion of Piomelli et al.1 that only FEP levels above 250µg/100 ml RBC should be considered "positive."

RAPID PROTOPORPHYRIN QUANTITATION FOR DETECTION OF LEAD POISONING

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-631
Author(s):  
Larry P. Kammholz ◽  
L. Gilbert Thatcher ◽  
Frederic M. Blodgett ◽  
Thomas A. Good
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescent Method ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Fluorescence Test

A rapid fluorescent method for estimation of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) is described. Simple ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid extractions are performed, fluorescence quantitated in a fluorimeter and expressed numerically by comparison with known coproporphyrin standards. Fifty-six children were studied and the extent of lead poisoning was evaluated initially and at different follow-up intervals. A clear relationship was shown between FEP fluorescence and blood lead levels. A correlation was also seen for the intensity of fluorescence and evidence for increased absorption of lead, as estimated by x-ray evidence of ingested lead and deposits in bone. Children with iron deficiency anemia also showed elevations of FEP fluorescence. This FEP fluorescence test allows for a rapid, numerical determination which appears to be useful as a screening test for lead intoxication. It can quickly select patients that may have markedly increased lead absorption and need prompt therapy or select those that at least require further studies for possible lead exposure or the presence of anemia.

Question Regarding Need for Treatment

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-622
Author(s):  
Arthur W. Kaemmer ◽  
Byron R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mass Screening ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Elevated Blood Lead Levels

Dr. Greensher and his colleagues are to be congratulated for bringing to the readers' attention a most unusual source of lead poisoning. Inasmuch as many localities are initiating city-wide lead screening programs, it is obvious that pediatricians in this country will be seeing many children with abnormally elevated blood lead levels, and in many cases diligent efforts such as this will have to be undertaken to determine the exact source of the environmental lead. biggest problems with mass screening programs for lead poisoning are well outlined by Moriarty's article.2

Pool Cue Chalk: A Source of Environmental Lead

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-917
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Miller ◽  
Steven C. Curry ◽  
Donald B. Kunkel ◽  
Patricia Arreola ◽  
Ernest Arvizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Childhood Lead Poisoning ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coloring Agents

Lead compounds are used as coloring agents for numerous products. Two cases of children with elevated blood lead concentrations encountered by the authors suggested that pool cue chalk may serve as a source of environmental lead. The objective of this study was to determine lead content of various brands and colors of pool cue chalk. Atomic absorption analyses were conducted of 23 different types of pool cue chalk for lead content. Three of 23 types of pool cue chalk contained more than 7000 ppm (mg/kg) lead: one manufacturer's green and tangerine chalk and another manufacturer's green chalk. It was concluded that some brands of pool cue chalk contain relatively large amounts of lead and could contribute to childhood lead poisoning.

scholarly journals Annual physical health checks within a forensic inpatient service

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S72-S72
Author(s):  
Michael Cooper ◽  
Partha Gangopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Local System ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Checks ◽  
Blood Monitoring ◽  
Physical Examinations

AimsPatients prescribed antipsychotics are at risk of ill effects to their physical health. Our aims were to assess whether inpatients within a forensic service, on antipsychotic medications, were receiving annual physical health monitoring in accordance with current NICE and SIGN Guidelines. Based on these Guidelines the following objectives were identified: 1: Physical examination, BMI and blood pressure recorded within the past year2: FBC recorded within the past year3: U&Es recorded within past year4: LFTs recorded within the past year5: HbA1C / random glucose / fasting glucose recorded within the past year6: Random lipids / fasting lipids recorded within the past yearMethodInclusion Criteria: Patients admitted for longer than a year currently prescribed an antipsychotic.Data were collected cross-sectionally on 24/7/20 for all inpatients meeting the inclusion criteria. Medical notes and the blood results system were reviewed for results of any annual physical examinations and blood monitoring over the past year.Anonymized data were analysed using Excel.Result13 out of 17 inpatients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these 13 inpatients, 9 (69.2%) were prescribed clozapine, 1 (7.7%) zuclopenthixol, 1 (7.7%) paliperidone and 1 (7.7%) amisulpride.All patients had BMI and blood pressures recorded within the preceding month. Only 1 patient (7.7%) had an annual physical health examination within the past year.Findings for bloods taken within the past year were as follows:12 patients (92.3%) had an FBC recorded9 patients (69.2%) had U + Es recorded9 patients (69.2%) had LFTs recorded11 patients (84.6%) had HBA1c recorded7 patients (53.8%) had lipids recordedConclusionThere is scope for improvement with both annual physical examinations and blood monitoring.All patients had regular BMIs and blood pressure recorded which is largely attributable to nursing staff protocols. Low compliance with full annual physical examination could be explained by there being no local system in place for annual physical health checks and also frequent changes in junior doctor ward cover.Blood monitoring showed variable compliance with established standards. FBC monitoring had the best compliance, likely because the vast majority of our patients are prescribed clozapine, which necessitates minimal monthly FBC monitoring.This audit was presented to the Forensic Team and thereafter it was agreed for a local system to be put in place for annual physical health checks in the summer each year. This will improve oportunities to optimise our patients health. We plan to re-audit at this time.

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