scholarly journals Manufacturing Techniques and Alloying Compositions of Metal Decorative Artifacts in 18th Century, Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-305
Author(s):  
Jae Sung Lee ◽  
Yee Yee Win ◽  
Bonnie Lee ◽  
Jae Eun Yu
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Alloying Compositions

scholarly journals On the Importance of the Pre-Restoration Study of the Late 17th—18th Century Illustrated Collection of Stories from the Russian State Library Collection

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Zinaida S. Vakhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Library Collection ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Red Lead ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Iron Gall ◽  
State Library

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the illustrated collection of stories of the late 17th—18th century, which was conducted in 2018 and is a substantial part of the process of scientific restoration, one of the priority areas of the Russian State Library’s (RSL) activity. Library collections restoration pays special attention to manuscript sources. The document arrived from the Department of Manuscripts (coll. 178.1, no. 315) to the Department of Restoration of Library Collection for the planned restoration activities connected with the poor preservation status. The study of archival and literature sources was complemented by the application of modern methods for analyzing the composition of the document’s materials (the paper, ink, adhesives, and the paint layer of the miniatures). This technique allowed to settle a range of tasks necessary for developing a plan for further scientific restoration of the document: to characterize the materials of the manuscript and the paint layer of the miniatures and to analyse the existing losses and their causes. The manuscript contains 212 pages. Its artistic decoration includes illustrations to the stories (165 miniatures); headings written by ligature; red initials with ornamental appendices. The original text is written with black ink made on the basis of amorphous carbon and red ink on the basis of cinnabar (HgS). The last (binding) page has an owner’s entry, which is made with ink of iron gall nature likewise some marginalia in the margins. The paint layer of the miniatures contains protein as a binder; the pigments are ochre, azurite and cinnabar in a mixture with red lead. Several types of adhesives, used in previous (probably even pre-revolutionary) interventions, indicate the time diversity of their use. Based on the results of the study, methods have been selected and a plan of scientific restoration of the monument has been developed. It includes necessary interventions (taking into account their remote effects) that preserve as much as possible the manuscript’s features, which contain valuable information for researchers about the environment of its existence (notes, marginalia, etc.); its manufacturing techniques; processes occurring during its storage.

The story of two historical textile fragments: Technical analysis and reconstruction of the lost textile pattern

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110174
Author(s):  
Mateo M Kodrič Kesovia ◽  
Željko Penava ◽  
Danijela Jemo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Complex Matter

Cultural heritage textile artifacts that have been preserved only in their smaller fragmented remains represent a very interesting and complex matter, very rarely analyzed and studied individually as a separate entity. This case study covers multidisciplinary research conducted on two 18th century silk fragments with a seemingly identical pattern. Demonstrating the possibilities and challenges which arise when analyzing and interpreting incomplete cultural heritage textile materials, this study can serve as a stimulus for creating a large-scale database of historical fabrics which would allow comparison based on their differences or common characteristics. By applying only non-destructive and micro-analytical methods it has been determined that the fragments were made of the same material and using the same manufacturing techniques. It has been proven that fragments were not part of the same historical fabric, but most likely originated from different parts of the same liturgical vestment. The reverse engineering process applied to preserved fragments has resulted in a detailed technical documentation and a complete reconstruction of the lost original pattern.

A Comparative Study of Offsite Construction Manufacturing Techniques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Ritter ◽  
Beda Barkokebas ◽  
Youyi Zhang ◽  
Mohamed Al-Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

EPITAFIES OF THE RELATIVES OF HADJI IBRAHIM AL-URADI AS A SOURCE ON THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE SCIENTIST AND ON THE HISTORY OF GIDATL

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Sh M Khapizov ◽  
M G Shekhmagomedov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The Look ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Written Sources

The article is devoted to the study of inscriptions on the gravestones of Haji Ibrahim al-Uradi, his father, brothers and other relatives. The information revealed during the translation of these inscriptions allows one to date important events from the history of Highland Dagestan. Also we can reconsider the look at some important events from the past of Hidatl. Epitaphs are interesting in and of themselves, as historical and cultural monuments that needed to be studied and attributed. Research of epigraphy data monuments clarifies periodization medieval epitaphs mountain Dagestan using record templates and features of the Arabic script. We see the study of medieval epigraphy as one of the important tasks of contemporary Caucasian studies facing Dagestani researchers. Given the relatively weak illumination of the picture of events of that period in historical sources, comprehensive work in this direction can fill gaps in our knowledge of the medieval history of Dagestan. In addition, these epigraphs are of great importance for researchers of onomastics, linguistics, the history of culture and religion of Dagestan. The authors managed to clarify the date of death of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi, as well as his two sons. These data, the attraction of written sources and legends allowed the reconstruction of the events of the second half of the 18th century. For example, because of the epidemic of plague and the death of most of the population of Hidatl, this society noticeably weakened and could no longer maintain its influence on Akhvakh. The attraction of memorable records allowed us to specify the dates of the Ibrahim-Haji pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, as well as the route through which he traveled to these cities.

Nature, poetry and medicine in late 18th century England: a unified perspective of Erasmus Darwin

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-537
Author(s):  
M. McNEIL
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Nature Poetry ◽  
Medicine And Philosophy ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Medical Theory ◽  
Lunar Society Of Birmingham ◽  
Organizational Principles ◽  
Century Science ◽  
Erasmus Darwin

Erasmus Darwin was the focus and embodiment of provincial England in his day. Renowned as a physician, he spent much of his life at Lichfield. He instigated the founding of the Lichfield Botanic Society, which provided the first English translation of the works of Linnaeus, and established a botanic garden; the Lunar Society of Birmingham; the Derby Philosophical Society; and two provincial libraries. A list of Darwin's correspondents and associates reads like a "who's who" of eighteenth century science, industry, medicine and philosophy. His poetry was also well received by his contemporaries and he expounded the evolutionary principles of life. Darwin can be seen as an English equivalent of Lamarck, being a philosopher of nature and human society. His ideas have been linked to a multitude of movements, including the nosological movement in Western medicine, nineteenth century utilitarianism, Romanticism in both Britain and Germany, and associationist psychology. The relationships between various aspects of Darwin's interests and the organizational principles of his writings were examined. His poetical form and medical theory were not peripheral to his study of nature but intrinsically linked in providing his contemporaries with a panorama of nature. A richer, more integrated comprehension of Erasmus Darwin as one of the most significant and representative personalities of his era was presented.

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