The relationship between the proliferating ability and acetylcholinesterase activity of the neural tube cells in early chick embryos.

The earliest stage of neural crest cell (NCC) migration is characterized by an epitheliomesenchymal transformation, as the cells leave the neural tube. There is evidence that in a number of cell systems this transformation is accompanied by alteration or depletion of associated basement membranes. This study examines the ultrastructural relationship between mouse NCCs and adjacent basement membranes during the earliest stages of migration from the neural tube. Basement membranes were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence using antibodies to type-IV collagen. The ultrastructural features of NCCs and their relationship with surrounding tissues were also examined using TEM. In the dorsal region of the neural tube, from which NCCs originate, the basement membrane was depleted or absent, and with the immunofluorescence technique it was shown that this pattern was reflected in a deficit of type-IV collagen. TEM observations indicated that ultrastructurally NCCs differ from their neuroepithelial neighbours only in overall cell shape and their relationship to other cells and the extracellular matrix.

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The relationship between gene expression of cationic and neutral amino acid transporters in the small intestine of chick embryos and chick breed, development, sex, and egg amino acid concentration

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.2011-01458 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 90 (11) ◽

pp. 2548-2556 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

P.L. Zeng ◽

X.G. Li ◽

X.Q. Wang ◽

D.X. Zhang ◽

G. Shu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Amino Acid Concentration ◽

Neutral Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Transporters ◽

Chick Embryos ◽

The Relationship

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Analysis of chick somite myogenesis by in situ confocal microscopy of desmin expression.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/42.2.8288867 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 265-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

W H Borman ◽

D E Yorde

Keyword(s):

Confocal Microscopy ◽

Intermediate Filament ◽

Intermediate Filament Protein ◽

Chick Embryos ◽

Whole Mount ◽

Somite Formation ◽

Filament Protein ◽

The Relationship

We explored the relationship in chick embryos between somitogenesis and the onset of somite myogenesis by immunodetection of the muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin. Early somite desmin expression was detected by whole-mount in situ confocal microscopy. No detectable somite desmin was observed in embryos of 15 somites (Stage 12) or younger. In embryos having between 16 and 26 somites (Stages 12-15), desmin could be detected in somites positioned increasingly more caudal in the embryo. Finally, in embryos of 27 somites (Stage 16) and older, somite desmin expression was consistently present in all but the caudal-most six somites. Although the rate of somite formation is fairly constant, the rate of observed somite desmin expression progressing caudally in the embryo is greater initially than the rate of segmentation. After an embryo has formed about 27 somites, the rate of desmin appearance parallels the rate of segmentation at a distance of about six somites. This result suggests that very early somite myogenesis is not linked to somitogenesis.

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Head morphogenesis in embryonic avian chimeras: evidence for a segmental pattern in the ectoderm corresponding to the neuromeres

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.108.4.543 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 108 (4) ◽

pp. 543-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

G. Couly ◽

N.M. Le Douarin

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Neural Crest ◽

Developmental Stage ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Crest Cells ◽

Chick Embryos ◽

Quail Embryo ◽

Branchial Arches ◽

Developmental Unit

Areas of the superficial cephalic ectoderm, including or excluding the neural fold at the same level, were surgically removed from 3-somite chick embryos and replaced by their counterparts excised from a quail embryo at the same developmental stage. Strips of ectoderm corresponding to the presumptive branchial arches were delineated, thus defining anteroposterior ‘segments’ (designated here as ‘ectomeres’) that coincided with the spatial distribution of neural crest cells arising from the adjacent levels of the neural fold. This discrete ectodermal metamerisation parallels the segmentation of the hindbrain into rhombomeres. It seems, therefore, that not only is the neural crest patterned according to its rhombomeric origin but that the superficial ectoderm covering the branchial arches may be part of a larger developmental unit that includes the entire neurectoderm, i.e., the neural tube and the neural crest.

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