scholarly journals 道德判断的认知机制:研究现状与展望<br>The Neural Mechanism of Moral Judgment: Research Status and Future Directions

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
李 亚丹
2014 ◽  
Vol 681 ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
Jin Jiao Kong ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Yong Liang Li ◽  
Xu Tao Wu ◽  
Jian Gang Bi

Transformer is one of the most important equipment in power system, and accurate condition assessment for transformer is the key for condition based maintenance (CBM). So the study of condition assessment is particularly important. In this paper, the function, role and steps of condition assessment, research status, existing problems and future directions are analyzed and summarized. And this paper can be a reference for transformer’s condition assessment.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxin Li ◽  
Feiyan Chen ◽  
Wenhua Huang

The human brain has an enormous capacity to adapt to a broad variety of environmental demands. Previous studies in the field of abacus training have shown that this training can induce specific changes in the brain. However, the neural mechanism underlying these changes remains elusive. Here, we reviewed the behavioral and imaging findings of comparisons between abacus experts and average control subjects and focused on changes in activation patterns and changes in brain structure. Finally, we noted the limitations and the future directions of this field. We concluded that although current studies have provided us with information about the mechanisms of abacus training, more research on abacus training is needed to understand its neural impact.


2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael X Cohen ◽  
Fraser William Steel

Activity in the theta frequency band (4-8 Hz) over medial prefrontal regions has been consistently implicated in top-down cognitive control processes, including recognizing and resolving response conflict. It remains an unanswered question whether these theta-band dynamics are a neural mechanism of cognitive control, or instead are epiphenomenal to the neural computational machinery but are useful indices of brain function. Here we addressed this question by attempting to boost conflict processing (or its EEG theta-band signatures) via pre-trial exogenous theta-band visual flicker. Although the flicker successfully entrained posterior brain networks, there were no effects of flicker on behavior or on EEG signatures of conflict processing. In this paper, we detail our attempts and discuss possible future directions for using exogenous flicker in the study of the role of endogenous brain oscillations in conflict processing.


2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Rizzolatti ◽  
Luigi Cattaneo ◽  
Maddalena Fabbri-Destro ◽  
Stefano Rozzi

Our understanding of the functions of motor system evolved remarkably in the last 20 years. This is the consequence not only of an increase in the amount of data on this system but especially of a paradigm shift in our conceptualization of it. Motor system is not considered anymore just a “producer” of movements, as it was in the past, but a system crucially involved in cognitive functions. In the present study we review the data on the cortical organization underlying goal-directed actions and action understanding. Our review is subdivided into two major parts. In the first part, we review the anatomical and functional organization of the premotor and parietal areas of monkeys and humans. We show that the parietal and frontal areas form circuits devoted to specific motor functions. We discuss, in particular, the visuo-motor transformation necessary for reaching and for grasping. In the second part we show how a specific neural mechanism, the mirror mechanism, is involved in understanding the action and intention of others. This mechanism is located in the same parieto-frontal circuits that mediate goal-directed actions. We conclude by indicating future directions for studies on the mirror mechanism and suggest some major topics for forthcoming research.


Author(s):  
Jesse Graham ◽  
Piercarlo Valdesolo

Since the early 2000s, morality research in personality and social psychology has exploded, with more articles on moral judgment and moral behavior published in the first fifth of the 21st century than the entirety of the 20th century. However, while moral psychology is flourishing in the field, it remains deeply divided in several respects, with largely separate literatures for moral judgment and moral behavior, as well as separations between individual differences and situational effects for each. This chapter follows the two main cleavages in moral psychology, covering cultural and individual differences in moral judgment, situational effects on moral judgment, cultural and individual differences in moral behavior, and situational effects on moral behavior. Further, it highlights evidence of person–situation interactions for both moral judgment and moral behavior, and maps out several future directions for moral psychology.


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