scholarly journals Control of insect pests on fruit and field crops with hexaflumuron in North Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Κ. Ν. Komblas ◽  
P. Tsakonas ◽  
M. Lysandrou ◽  
Τ. Κ Elia
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Sesamia Nonagrioides ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Combined Control ◽  
Benzoylphenyl Ureas ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella ◽  
Mammalian Toxicity ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Experiments with hexaflumuron have been made against pests on apples, pears, peaches, potatoes and maize. On apples a predefined spray program was used for the combined control of Cydia pomonella (L) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Phyllonorycter blancardella. (Fabr.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), P. corylifoliella (Hbn) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), Leucoptera scitella (Zell.) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) and Adoxophyes orana (F.v. Roslerstamm) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Sprays started when C. pomonella adults appeared and were continued every 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Against Cacopsylla pyri L. (Homoptera: Psyllidae), Anarsia lineatella Zell. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), trials were made to define efficacy and timing, while trials on Leptinotarsa decendineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were only for efficacy. Hexaflumuron promised to be an excellent insecticide since it was at least as good as organophosphate standards, amitraz and the benzoylphenyl ureas (BPU) tested. With fewer sprays it gave seasonal and combined control on apple pests. It is a new BPU insecticide with low mammalian toxicity and fits IPM programs, since its toxicity to predators and parasites is low. Hexaflumuron had no effect on adults of the predator Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) in the potato trial. Sprays must start at the beginning of the oviposition of fruit damaging pests and at the egg or early larva-nymph stage of the foliage damaging pests. The spray must fully cover fruit and foliage.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) egg masses

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend O. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Cotton Leafworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Trichogrammatoidea Bactrae

Abstract Background The Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the major insect pests, causing a significant damage on different cultivated agricultural crops. Developing an alternative non-chemical tool, an effective and environmentally friendly method to suppress pest's infestation is essentially needed. Therefore, biological control by releasing the egg parasitoids could be the most promising tool for integrated pest management. Results This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) as a bio-control agent against S. littoralis egg masses with different physical characteristics (number of egg layer and degree of scale density) in a no-choice and choice tests, under laboratory conditions. Also, the parasitoids’ fitness in terms of parasitism percentage, developmental period, adults’ emergence percentage, female offspring percentage, and longevity were investigated. The results revealed that T. bactrae wasps had a great ability to parasitize S. littoralis egg masses, but with different rates, related to their layers and scales’ thickness in both tests. The highest parasitism percentage was observed on one-layer eggs, followed by two layers. However, 3-layer eggs were the least preferable one. High numbers of adult emergencies (> 80%) were observed in all tested egg masses, except in the case of 3 layers with high scales. Furthermore, female-biased sex ratios were noticed at all examined eggs, with only the exception of high-scaly eggs with a single layer that recorded the lowest rate (≤ 45%). Besides, the survival of adult female parasitoids was not significantly affected in both tests. Conclusions T. bactrae could be used as a bio-control agent against S. littoralis egg masses with different physical characteristics based on the achieved results.

Development of Immature Stages of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) Under Alternating and Constant Temperatures

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1337-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argyro A. Fantinou ◽  
Dionyssios Ch. Perdikis ◽  
Costas S. Chatzoglou
Keyword(s):  
Sesamia Nonagrioides ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Insect Pests of Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. : An Update

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-322
Author(s):  
N. Roychoudhury
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
North India ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Living Tree ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Damage Seed ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. (Dipterocarpaceae), commonly known as sal, is one of the most important timbers of India both ecologically and economically. It is of Indian origin, widely distributed in central and north India and constitutes an important ecosystem, which provides cool and calm environment rich in biodiversity. This tree species has a highest number of insect fauna among the forest trees. Of about 346 insects recorded on sal, about 155 species of insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera (105), Coleoptera (31), Thysanoptera (9), Hemiptera (4), Orthoptera (4), Ephemeroptera (1) and Isoptera (1) are associated with living tree. The major insect pests of sal are, ‘seed and seedling borer’ Pammene theristis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Eucosmidae), feeding on seed while they are on the tree; Sitophilus rugicollis Casey (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), damage seed either on the forest floor or during storage; white grubs such as Holotrichia spp. (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae), which feed on the root system of the plants in nurseries and beetles feed on the foliage; defoliators such as Caviria sericea Moore (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae), Lymantria mathura Moore (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae), Paectes subapicalis Walker (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), Trabala vishnou Lefebvre (Lepidoptera : Lasiocampidae), which feed on the leaves; stem borer such as Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Newman (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) and sap sucker, such as Drosicha stebbingi Green (Hemiptera : Coccidae). Termites, such as Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) and timber borers, such as Sinoxylon anale and S. crassum (Coleoptera : Bostrychidae), damage sal timber in dying, felled or stored logs in depots.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Iran inferred from mitochondrial DNA

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Esfandiari ◽  
Neda Mehravar ◽  
Hossein Motamedi ◽  
Hamid Rajabi Memari ◽  
Hossein Rajaei
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Sesamia Nonagrioides ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Resistance of Early Maturing Sweet Corn Varieties to Damage Caused by Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1432-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Velasco ◽  
P. Revilla ◽  
M. E. Cartea ◽  
A. Ordás ◽  
R. A. Malvar
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Sesamia Nonagrioides ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Notes on Life-History and Parasites of Syngrapha epigaea (Grt.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 759-761
Author(s):  
G. W. Wood ◽  
W. T. A. Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

It is perhaps because of their unimportance as insect pests that larvae of the genus Syngrapha have been so little studied. Syngrapha epigaea is no exception to this; but since it is one of the most common species of larvae found in commercial blueberry fields of eastern Canada, the following notes on its life-history and parasitism are here recorded.

scholarly journals Combinational Effect of Rumex tingitanus (Polygonaceae) Hexane Extract and Bacillus thuringiensis  δ-Endotoxin against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhekra Mhalla ◽  
Dalel Ben Farhat-Touzri ◽  
Slim Tounsi ◽  
Mohamed Trigui
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Potential Use

The increasing insect resistance against Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins is a serious problem which makes it urgent to look for new eco-friendly strategies. Combining these toxins with other biomolecules is one of the promising strategies against insect pests. In this work, we evaluated the bioinsecticidal potential of Rumex tingitanus extracts and B. thuringiensis strain BLB250 against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. The chemical composition of the hexane extract, the most active fraction, was analyzed to validate the correlation between chemical composition and biological activity. Among the tested extracts, only the hexanic extract showed toxicity against first and second instar larvae with LC50 of 2.56 and 2.95 mg g−1, respectively. The Bacillus thuringiensis BLB250 delta-endotoxins showed toxicity with an LC50 of 56.3 μg g−1. Therefore, the investigated combinational effect of BLB250 delta-endotoxins and R. tingitanus hexane extract proved significant synergistic effect against S. littoralis larvae. The GC-MS analysis of R. tingitanus hexane extract showed the richness of this extract in phytosterols such as β and γ-sitosterol (48.91%), campesterol (6.43%), and β-amyrin (8.92%) which are known for their insecticidal activity. This novel finding highlights the potential use of this combination against insect pests to prevent the appearance of resistance problems.

Considerations in experiments for the control of codling moth (Cydia pomonella (L.)) in apples

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
KM Cellier
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Individual Trees

A study was made of some aspects to be considered in experiments for the control of codling moth in apples. Examination of the number of fruit damaged by either deep entries or stings in samples of 100 fruit showed that the counts of damaged fruit could be considered as random samples from a Poisson (or binomial) distribution both within trees and also in plots up to a size of four test trees. An optimum plot size and sampling procedure was determined in experiments for the control of codling moth in apples. A single-tree plot with four samples per tree is optimum for unguarded plots, and plots of either one, two, three, or four trees with four samples per tree are satisfactory for guarded plots where the trees are hand-sprayed. Guarding seems an unnecessary safeguard and expense for hand-sprayed plots. Where "Air-Blast" spray machines are used, large plots with a double guard row are necessary, and it is sufficient to examine two to four samples per tree. It is suggested that Smith's heterogeneity law can be used to obtain the optimum plot size in experiments for the control of insect pests, and possibly of diseases on fruit trees. No reduction in experimental error was obtained by using the crop size of individual trees as a covariate in an analysis of covariance.

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