scholarly journals Reassessing the Greek National Schism of World War I: The Ideological Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Basil C. Gounaris ◽  
Marianna D. Christopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Political Choices ◽  
The One ◽  
East West ◽  
Economic Criteria

The National Schism that erupted in Greece during World War I has already been thoroughly analysed in the bibliography as a crisis of national unification, defined by geographical, political and socio economic criteria. The aim of this article is to move a step forward, to support that the National Schism might also be considered as an act in the broader and much older Greek ideological drama, that of the tantalising and incomplete “return” to the East via the European West. It is argued that the Schism, far from being a bipolar confrontation between supporters and opponents of Europe, did select from the East–West debate whatever arguments were necessary to invest military and political choices with a “deeper” meaning. Our approach focuses mostly on the rhetoric produced by the two opposing camps, the Venizelists and the anti-Venizelist block, from 1914 to 1922. It is, however, complemented by a retrospective presentation of the nineteenth-century debateover the Enlightenment and liberalism, on the one hand, and German idealism, on the other.

Children's Reading and the Culture of Girlhood: The Case of L.T. Meade

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Home Life ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The One ◽  
Children's Reading ◽  
Children’S Reading

By the beginning of World War I, a separate culture of girlhood had taken shape in Britain. “Girlhood” had its own interests, values, and (perhaps) ethics; its own language, customs, and literature. Fifty years earlier, when publishers first began to identify readers in a category which they differentiated from the adult audience on the one hand and the general children's audience on the other, they were not quite sure who girls were and what they might be interested in. Publishers' advertisements used terms such as “the girl from 8 to 18” and “those who have left the schoolroom but not yet entered society.” The earliest girls' magazines, which appeared in the last quarter of the century, opened their readers' contribution pages to “girls” up to the age of twenty-five. Mid-nineteenth-century fiction about girls generally emphasized home life and home duties, but by 1900 many books dwelt on the values and interactions of girls themselves, with hardly any mention of adults. As a first step in discussing the creation of girlhood – and the values, attitudes, and understandings which this creation encoded – the case of L.T. Meade is instructive.

Safekeeping and Sifting: Observations on the German Reformed Tradition, 1900-1930

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-164
Author(s):  
Georg Plasger
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Karl Barth ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
Nineteen Twenties ◽  
Reformed Tradition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
National Socialist Era

Abstract The German Reformed tradition between 1900 and 1930 has received little interest. Much more attention has been given to the Reformed churches during the National Socialist era and on acknowledging the massive influence of Karl Barth. The article gives an overview of the minority denomination of the Reformed confession in Germany. On the one hand we see that the Reformierte Bund, founded in 1884, breaks up during the Calvin jubilee of 1909. On the other hand, the crisis after World War I brought further difficulties. In the nineteen-twenties, a discussion grew about the function of the Reformed Confessions—are they to be kept intact and normative (so the Young Reformed line) or should they function to sift and sort out what is needed in each era and location (so Karl Barth)?

Explaining the 1914 War in Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-124
Author(s):  
Frank C. Zagare
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Incomplete Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
International History ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
The One ◽  
The Great War

This chapter focuses on the outbreak of World War I, which remains one of the most perplexing events of international history. It should be no surprise that rationalist interpretations of the July Crisis are a diverse lot, ranging from the sinister to the benign. This chapter constructs a theoretically rigorous rationalist explanation of World War I, the 1914 European war that involved Austria–Hungary, Germany, Russia, and France. On the one hand, this chapter confirms the view that one does not have to take a particularly dark view of German intentions to explain the onset of war in 1914; on the other hand, it also calls into question the “accidental war” thesis. A number of related questions about the Great War are addressed in the context of a generic game-theoretic escalation model with incomplete information.

Hofjudentum und Martyrium

Aschkenas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Otto Horch
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Witch Trials ◽  
The Witch ◽  
The One

AbstractThis contribution dwells on Jewish aspects in Alfred Döblin’s novel »Wallenstein«, which was written between 1916 and 1920. It refers, on the one hand, to the close financial connection between the Prague merchant and »court Jew« Jacob Bassevi and Wallenstein and the novel’s real protagonist, Emperor Ferdinand II, and, on the other hand, to a scene that stretches over several pages, depicting in a hyper-naturalistic manner the torture and burning of a Jewish couple. Similar to the witch trials, the scene documents the total cultural decline at the time of the Thirty Years’ War. Döblin’s historical novel is also a plea against the barbarism of World War I and against wars in general.

scholarly journals The Failure of “Truth and Clarity” at Berne: Kurt Eisner, the Opposition and the Reconstruction of the International

1973 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-201
Author(s):  
Robert F. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
The Real ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Ultimate Failure ◽  
The One ◽  
Opposition Group ◽  
Second International

To better understand why Marxist Internationalism took on the forms that it did during the revolutionary epoch that followed World War I, it is useful to reconsider the “International Labor and Socialist Conference” that met at Berne from January 26 to February 10,1919. This gathering not only set its mark on the “reconstruction” of the Second International, it also influenced both the formation and the development of the Communist International. It is difficult, however, to comprehend fully what transpired at Berne unless the crucial role taken in the deliberations by Kurt Eisner, on the one hand, and the Zimmerwaldian Opposition, on the other, is recognized. To a much greater extent than has generally been realized, the immediate success and the ultimate failure of the Conference depended on the Bavarian Minister President and the loosely structured opposition group to his Left. Nevertheless every scholarly study of the Conference to date, including Arno Mayer's excellent treatment of the “Stillborn Berne Conference”, tends to underestimate Eisner's impact while largely ignoring the very existence of the Zimmerwaldian Opposition. Yet, if these two elements are neglected it becomes extremely difficult, if not impossible, to fathom the real significance of Berne. Consequently there is a need to reevaluate Eisner's role in the proceedings, particularly his behind the scenes activities, as well as to consider the attempt to resurrect the Zimmer-waldian movement during the Conference. In no small way the responsibility for the fateful decisions taken at Berne, decisions which ultimately proved detrimental to the cause of the International, lies with the hyperactive Kurt Eisner and the relatively passive Zimmer-waldian Opposition.

scholarly journals Walter Scott and the Islamic East: Ivanhoe and the Talisman

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 758-764
Author(s):  
Nisreen Tawfiq Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sir Walter Scott ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
The West ◽  
Walter Scott ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
East West

This paper examines representations of the Islamic East in two novels by Sir Walter Scott: Ivanhoe (1820) and The Talisman (1825). The paper’s argument is that Scott’s representations of the Islamic East seems influenced in very specific ways by dominant nineteenth-century portrayals of the East. Scott’s two novels present ambivalent depictions of the East, some of which deviate from standard patterns of representation of earlier centuries. For instance, on the one hand his novels attribute positive spiritual qualities to Saracens such as generosity, bravery and kindness to animals, while on the other, and often in the same passage, they sometimes depict Saracens as violent and atavistic. I argue that, through his various narrators and characters, Scott depicts the relationship between the Islamic East and the Christian West as a significant form of cultural interaction whereby the East is presented as complementing the West. However, Scott’s portrayal of East-West relation is complex, and it would be inaccurate to claim that this denotes total acceptance of Islamic manners, customs and perspectives. 

THE ECONOMISTS OF THE LOST CAUSE AND THE MONETARY EDUCATION OF JOHN R. COMMONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dennis Chasse
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War I ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lost Cause ◽  
World War ◽  
The One

Wild price swings following World War I motivated some economists and their allies to start a stable money campaign. John R. Commons joined this campaign, and the story of his participation opens a window into an historical learning episode in which the campaign, though it failed, sparked intellectual efforts and interacted with events in ways that changed beliefs about relations between central bank actions, on the one hand, and unemployment, inflation, and economic growth, on the other. The paper dwells on Commons’ role and on the long learning experience that led participants to conclusions they could not have anticipated when they embarked on their campaign.

scholarly journals THE OTHER SIDE OF ARGENTINE FOREIGN TRADE: SOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF IMPORTS, 1880-1913

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Rayes
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War I ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Visible Part ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

AbstractHistoriography has payed less attention to imports than exports from the last quarter of the nineteenth century to the beginning of World War I. On the one hand, this is explained by the crucial and more visible part that exports played in fostering economic growth. On the other, the reason why imports have been less studied is the high level of disaggregation of the data available. In this paper, we analyse the official Argentine statistics as the main source for a reconstruction of imports. Then, we recalculate the balance of trade using our corrected export series. Additionally, we propose a research agenda based on gaps in the specialised literature and the possibilities given by the use of the official statistics.

Freedom and Well-Being

2021 ◽  
pp. 351-439
Author(s):  
John Skorupski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The One ◽  
Spiritual Freedom

John Stuart Mill is, on the one hand, a man of the Enlightenment, and on the other, the greatest liberal idealist of the nineteenth century. This chapter surveys his philosophy, interpreting it as a synthesis of epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics for the modern age comparable to that of Hegel. The two syntheses are opposed in fundamental respects, notably on the question of individualism and holism, yet in both of them freedom is the governing idea. The first two sections examine Mill’s intellectual development and his naturalism. In the third section his fundamental rethinking of utilitarianism is considered. The final section considers his philosophy of freedom, which takes a Schillerian inner or spiritual freedom to be the leading essential of well-being. The implications are traced through his social and political theory, notably in On Liberty and The Subjection of Women.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Bettez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
World War ◽  
The One ◽  
The Great War

When the United States joined the Great War—World War I—in April 1917, the Commonwealth of Kentucky remained both progressive and regressive. On the one hand, Progressives led by Governor Augustus Owsley Stanley and others had passed laws regulating child labor, workers’ compensation, and other socially beneficial measures. On the other hand, just ten years before war broke out in Europe, the state legislature had passed the Day Law, officially establishing segregation in schools. Kentucky state historian Jim Klotter has aptly termed this time in Kentucky’s history a “Portrait in Paradox.”...

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