ENTRE LA VIRTUD Y EL UTILITARISMO: UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LA EDUCACIÓN MORAL

La reflexión sobre cuestiones relacionadas con la educación moral, ya no solo en su concepción teórica, sino en su puesta en práctica dentro de las aulas, es esencial para el correcto ejercicio de la profesión docente. Por este motivo, se analizan las aportaciones realizadas por Aristóteles y John Stuart Mill a la educación moral con el fin de construir una reflexión pedagógica que facilite la comprensión del desarrollo moral del alumnado en el contexto educativo actual. A partir de una perspectiva filosófica, se utiliza un método analítico basado en el estudio de los postulados de la ética de la virtud y el utilitarismo; concretamente en cuestiones relacionadas con el desarrollo moral de los sujetos, la felicidad o la importancia del razonamiento ante los conflictos morales para comprender qué aportaciones se pueden aplicar a la educación actual. Las principales conclusiones extraídas tras el estudio son la importancia de reflexionar críticamente en los centros educativos sobre conceptos como prudencia, virtud, felicidad o ciudadanía; así como la riqueza que aporta al debate educativo la incorporación de conceptos como la virtud. Además, desarrollar virtudes en el alumnado permitirá que conozcan el bien, lo deseen y lo practiquen.

Compatibilismo pragmático-dialógico em J. S. Mill

Este artigo se propõe a apresentar e examinar o compatibilismo sustentado pelo filósofo John Stuart Mill. Apresento inicialmente a maneira usual de se defender o compatibilismo milliano, qual seja, uma concepção baseada no exercício de desejos de segunda ordem. Em seguida, defendo que o compatibilismo de Mill pode ser compreendido de modo mais produtivo se considerado como um compatibilismo de viés pragmático-dialógico.

Nothing Personal: Blavatsky and Her Indian Interlocutors

The Theosophical Society was an influential transnational religious movement founded by H. P. Blavatsky and others in 1875. With its theology of the impersonal Divine, Theosophy was particularly influential on the New Age, which inherited a propensity to see the divine in impersonal terms. Offering a corrective to the recent historiographical tendency that focuses solely on Theosophy’s Western aspects, this article analyzes Blavatsky’s written “conversations” on the nature of the Divine with two Indian Theosphists, T. Subba Row (1856–1890) and Mohini Chatterji (1858–1936). Contextualizing these discussions both globally and locally, it reveals Blavatsky’s engagement with Subba Row’s Vedantic reading of John Stuart Mill and her concurrent rejection of Mohini’s Brahmo-Samaj inspired theism. The article considers the power dynamics that lay behind these negotiations. It argues that they involved a mutual drive for legitimacy and were the result of complex transcultural encounters that resist reductionist historiographical tendencies.

The Harm Principle and the Nature of Harm

This article defends the Harm Principle, commonly attributed to John Stuart Mill, against recent criticism. Some philosophers think that this principle should be rejected, because of severe difficulties with finding an account of harm to plug into it. I examine the criticism and find it unforceful. Finally, I identify a faulty assumption behind this type of criticism, namely that the Harm Principle is plausible only if there is a full-blown, and problem-free, account of harm, which proponents of the principle can refer to.

Who Authored On Liberty? Stylometric Evidence on Harriet Taylor Mill's Contribution

It is well known that John Stuart Mill (JSM) repeatedly acknowledges Harriet Taylor Mill's (HTM) substantial contribution to On Liberty. After her death, however, he decides to publish the book under his name only. Are we justified in continuing this practice, initiated by JSM, of refusing unequivocal co-authorship status to HTM? Drawing on stylometric analyses, we make a preliminary case that JSM did not write On Liberty all by himself and that HTM had a hand in formulating it. Drawing on plausible standards for authorship ascription, we further point out that authorship status requires, in addition to a substantial contribution, the approval by all contributors. We discuss potential reasons to assume that HTM did not approve the published version of On Liberty and would have objected to including her name on the title page.

Kebijakan Kewajiban Vaksin Covid-19 Bukan Bentuk Pelanggaran HAM oleh Pemerintah

ABSTRAKKeberadaan corona virus di Indonesia membawa perubahan yang sangat besar pada kondisi ekonomi, kesehatan, pendidikan dan lain sebagainya. Berbagai kebijakan di ambil salah satunya adalah pemberian vaksin secara masal dan bertahap. Namun kebijakan ini menimbulkan pro dan kontra dalam masyarakat. Khususnya kebijakan kewajiban vaksin yang dinilai melanggar hak asasi manusia. Karena seharusnya pilihan vaksin adalah sukarela. Ini diperkuat dengan munculnya sanksi bagi yang menolak dilakukan vaksinasi. Kajian ini lakukan untuk mengurai permasalahan apakah kewajiban vaksinasi COVID-19 merupakan bentuk pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah. Untuk menjawab rumusan tersebut digunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan konseptual. Dan hasil penelitian ini bahwa kebijakan pemerintah menetapkan kewajiban vaksin tidak bisa lantas di justifikasi sebagai bentuk pelanggaran hak asasi manusia. Karena masyarakat juga memiiki kewajiban sebagai warganegara di bidang kesehatan sebagaimana Pasal 9 ayat 1 UU No. 36 Tahun 2009. Diperkuat Komnas HAM dan sejalan dengan teori yang di sebutkan John Stuart Mill bahwa setiap individu memiliki hak untuk bertindak berdasarkan keinginan mereka selama tindakan mereka tidak merugikan orang lain. Dengan tetap mengupayakan langkah persuasif dengan menimalkan sanksi administratif. Kata Kunci: kebijakan, kewajiban vaksin, pelanggaran HAM ABSTRACTThe existence of corona virus in Indonesia brings a very large change in economic conditions, health, education and so on. Various policies are taken, one of which is the provision of vaccines en masse and gradually. But this policy raises pros and cons in society. Especially the policy of vaccine obligations that are considered to violate human rights. The vaccine option should be voluntary. This is reinforced by the emergence of sanctions for those who refuse vaccinations. This study was conducted to unravel the problem of whether the COVID-19 vaccination obligation is a form of human rights violations committed by the government. To answer the formulation is used normative research methods with legal and conceptual approaches. And the results of this study that government policies set vaccine obligations can not be then justified as a form of human rights violations. Because the community also has obligations as citizens in the field of health as Article 9 paragraph 1 of Law No. 36 of 2009. Strengthened Komnas HAM and in line with the theory mentioned by John Stuart Mill that every individual has the right to act on their wishes as long as their actions do not harm others. By continuing to pursue persuasive steps by imposing administrative sanctions.Keywords: policies, vaccine obligations, human rights violations

Kymlicka’s Alignment of Mill and Engels: Nationality, Civilization, and Coercive Assimilation

John Stuart Mill claims that free institutions are next to impossible in a multinational state. According to Will Kymlicka, this leads him to embrace policies kindred to those of Friedrich Engels, aimed at promoting mononational states in Europe through coercive assimilation. Given Mill’s harm principle, such coercive assimilation would have to be justified either paternalistically, in terms of its civilizing effects upon the would-be assimilated, or non-paternalistically, with reference to the danger that their non-assimilation would pose to others. However, neither possible interpretation is plausible; Mill takes Europe’s civilized status to shield Europeans from paternalistic coercion, and he opposes coercive assimilation where it could conceivably be justified in the name of defense. Although this much suggests that Kymlicka misinterprets Mill by ignoring his definition of nationality, it leaves scope for Kymlicka to argue that Mill favors policies that promote mononationality through neglecting the languages and cultures of national minorities.

John Stuart Mill – Bildung und Selbstentfaltung

Was versteht eine Gesellschaft unter Bildung? Welcher Stellenwert wird ihr zugemessen? Welchen Erwartungen kan oder soll sie gerecht werden? Fragen, die in der heutigen Öffentlichkeit vehement diskutiert werden, waren auch zu Lebzeiten John Stuart Mills (1806–1873) Gegenstand bisweilen heftiger Auseinandersetzungen. Im Zentrum des zweiten Bandes der »Ausgewählten Werke« von John Stuart Mill stehen Bildung und Selbstentfaltung des Individuums. John Stuart Mill selbst hat nie eine öffentliche Bildungseinrichtung besucht, seine Erziehung und Ausbildung übernahm sein Vater James. Doch diese Erziehung und private Ausbildung hatten auch ihre Schattenseiten und bescherten ihm im jugendlichen Alter einige seelische Krisen. Wie in einem Bildungsroman beschreibt Mill den stufenweisen Prozess seiner geistigen Selbstentfaltung und produktiven Krisenbewältigung. Die Rede ist in diesem Band natürlich auch von Mills Tätigkeit als Parlamentsabgeordneter und als öffentlicher Intellektueller. Nicht das Pauken von abstraktem Wissen prägt sein Verständnis von Bildung, sondern die Herausbildung von individuellen Fähigkeiten und die Förderung der kindlichen Entdeckungslust. Das ist für ihn die Anknüpfung an Wilhelm von Humboldts Bildung zur Persönlichkeit´, für die Freiheit eine unerlässliche Bedingung ist.

John Stuart Mill – Freiheit, Fortschritt und die Aufgaben des Staates; 3.1

Das Prinzip gesellschaftlicher Freiheit wird heute auf reine Marktfreiheit reduziert, und liberale Positionen treten nur noch als einseitige Interessenpolitik auf. Vielleicht sollten auch die sogenannten Liberalen im Lande John Stuart Mill noch einmal zur Hand nehmen, um zu erkennen, welch hohes theoretisches Gut sie so leichtfertig über Bord geworfen haben und damit auch ihre Grundsätze und Ideen. Der Band 3.1 der »Ausgewählten Werke« enthält u. a. völlig überarbeitete und neu editierte Übersetzungen der Mill-Klassiker »Über die Freiheit« und »Utilitarismus«, zwei in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Harriet Taylor Mill entstandene und weiterentwickelte Schriften zur Theorie des Liberalismus.