Does standard cosmology really predict the cosmic microwave background?

Boundary Surface ◽

Big Bang ◽

Microwave Background ◽

Initial State ◽

Standard Cosmology ◽

Distant Galaxies ◽

Return Path ◽

The Right ◽

In standard Big Bang cosmology, the universe expanded from a very dense, hot and opaque initial state. The light that was last scattered about 380,000 years later, when the universe had become transparent, has been redshifted and is now seen as thermal radiation with a temperature of 2.7 K, the cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, since light escapes faster than matter can move, it is prudent to ask how we, made of matter from this very source, can still see the light. In order for this to be possible, the light must take a return path of the right length. A curved return path is possible in spatially closed, balloon-like models, but in standard cosmology, the universe is “flat” rather than balloon-like, and it lacks a boundary surface that might function as a reflector. Under these premises, radiation that once filled the universe homogeneously cannot do so permanently after expansion, and we cannot see the last scattering event. It is shown that the traditional calculation of the CMB temperature is flawed and that light emitted by any source inside the Big Bang universe earlier than half its “conformal age”, also by distant galaxies, can only become visible to us via a return path. Although often advanced as the best evidence for a hot Big Bang, the CMB actually tells against a formerly smaller universe and so do the most distant galaxies. An attempt to invoke a model in which only time had a beginning, rather than spacetime, has also failed.

Does standard cosmology really predict the cosmic microwave background?

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.22432.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Hartmut Traunmüller

Keyword(s):

Boundary Surface ◽

Big Bang ◽

Microwave Background ◽

Initial State ◽

Standard Cosmology ◽

Distant Galaxies ◽

Return Path ◽

The Right ◽

In standard Big Bang cosmology, the universe expanded from a very dense, hot and opaque initial state. The light that was last scattered about 380,000 years later, when the universe had become transparent, has been redshifted and is now seen as thermal radiation with a temperature of 2.7 K, the cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, since light escapes faster than matter can move, it is prudent to ask how we, made of matter from this very source, can still see the light. In order for this to be possible, the light must take a return path of the right length. A curved return path is possible in spatially closed, balloon-like models, but in standard cosmology, the universe is “flat” rather than balloon-like, and it lacks a boundary surface that might function as a reflector. Under these premises, radiation that once filled the universe homogeneously cannot do so permanently after expansion, and we cannot see the last scattering event. It is shown that the traditional calculation of the CMB temperature is flawed and that light emitted by any source inside the Big Bang universe earlier than half its “conformal age”, also by distant galaxies, can only become visible to us via a return path. Although often advanced as the best evidence for a hot Big Bang, the CMB actually tells against a formerly smaller universe and so do the most distant galaxies. While standard cosmology has additional deficiencies, those disclosed here defy rationality and therefore make a more well-founded cosmology indispensable.

Does standard cosmology really predict the cosmic microwave background?

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.22432.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Hartmut Traunmüller

Keyword(s):

Boundary Surface ◽

Big Bang ◽

Microwave Background ◽

Initial State ◽

Standard Cosmology ◽

Return Path ◽

The Right ◽

The Big Bang ◽

In standard Big Bang cosmology, the universe expanded from a very dense, hot and opaque initial state. The light that was last scattered about 380,000 years later, when the universe had become transparent, has been redshifted and is now seen as thermal radiation with a temperature of 2.7 K, the cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, since light escapes faster than matter can move, it is prudent to ask how we, made of matter from this very source, can still see the light. In order for this to be possible, the light must take a return path of the right length. A curved return path is possible in spatially closed, balloon-like models, but in standard cosmology, the universe is “flat” rather than balloon-like, and it lacks a boundary surface that might function as a reflector. Under these premises, radiation that once filled the universe homogeneously cannot do so permanently after expansion, and we cannot see the last scattering event. It is shown that the traditional calculation of the CMB temperature is inappropriate and that light emitted by any source inside the Big Bang universe earlier than half its “conformal age” can only become visible to us via a return path. Although often advanced as the best evidence for a hot Big Bang, the CMB actually tells against a formerly smaller universe and so do also distant galaxies.

Does standard cosmology really predict the cosmic microwave background?

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.22432.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Hartmut Traunmüller

Keyword(s):

Boundary Surface ◽

Big Bang ◽

Microwave Background ◽

Initial State ◽

Standard Cosmology ◽

Return Path ◽

The Right ◽

The Big Bang ◽

In standard Big Bang cosmology, the universe expanded from a very dense, hot and opaque initial state. The light that was last scattered about 380,000 years later, when the universe had become transparent, has been redshifted and is now seen as thermal radiation with a temperature of 2.7 K, the cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, since light escapes faster than matter can move, it is prudent to ask how we, made of matter from this very source, can still see the light. In order for this to be possible, the light must take a return path of the right length. A curved return path is possible in spatially closed, balloon-like models, but in standard cosmology, the universe is “flat” rather than balloon-like, and it lacks a boundary surface that might function as a reflector. Under these premises, radiation that once filled the universe homogeneously cannot do so permanently after expansion, and we cannot see the last scattering event. It is shown that the traditional calculation of the CMB temperature is inappropriate and that light emitted by any source inside the Big Bang universe earlier than half its “conformal age” can only become visible to us via a return path. Although often advanced as the best evidence for a hot Big Bang, the CMB actually tells against a formerly smaller universe and so do also distant galaxies.

Does standard cosmology really predict the cosmic microwave background?

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.22432.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Hartmut Traunmüller

Keyword(s):

Boundary Surface ◽

Big Bang ◽

Microwave Background ◽

Initial State ◽

Standard Cosmology ◽

Return Path ◽

The Right ◽

The Big Bang ◽

In standard Big Bang cosmology, the universe expanded from a very dense, hot and opaque initial state. The light that was last scattered about 380,000 years later, when the universe had become transparent, has been redshifted and is now seen as thermal radiation with a temperature of 2.7 K, the cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, since light escapes faster than matter can move, it is prudent to ask how we, made of matter from this very source, can still see the light. In order for this to be possible, the light must take a return path of the right length. A curved return path is possible in spatially closed, balloon-like models, but in standard cosmology, the universe is “flat” rather than balloon-like, and it lacks a boundary surface that might function as a reflector. Under these premises, radiation that once filled the universe homogeneously cannot do so permanently after expansion, and we cannot see the last scattering event. It is shown that the traditional calculation of the CMB temperature is inappropriate and that light emitted by any source inside the Big Bang universe earlier than half its “conformal age” can only become visible to us via a return path. Although often advanced as the best evidence for a hot Big Bang, the CMB actually tells against a formerly smaller universe and so do also distant galaxies.

The question on origin of the universe and Big Bang

Himalayan Physics ◽

10.3126/hj.v2i2.5217 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 67-70

Author(s):

Krishna Raj Adhikari

Keyword(s):

Background Radiation ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Big Bang ◽

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation ◽

Microwave Background ◽

Microwave Background Radiation ◽

Physics Department ◽

The Universe ◽

Origin Of The Universe

School of thought is the theory of creation (theism) and school of thought deals with the random chance of evolution (atheism) about the origin of the universe and origin of the life. In the race of proof of the hypothesis, the theism has no scientific evidence and reliable proof, on the other hand atheism based on the scientific observable evidence. The latest theory of origin of the universe by Big Bang is more believable and supported by some scientific evidence such as Doppler effect on light, Hubble observation and result of the expanding the universe and observation of the cosmic microwave background radiation(CMBR). Paper briefly discussing about the origin of the universe and the Bing Bang.Key words: Big bang; Doppler; Cosmic microwave background radiation(CMBR)The Himalayan Physics Department of Physics, PN Campus, Pokhara Nepal Physical Society, Western Regional ChapterVol.2, No.2, May, 2011Page: 67-70Uploaded Date: 1 August, 2011

Large Scale Anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900235493 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 63 ◽

pp. 157-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. B. Partridge

Keyword(s):

Angular Distribution ◽

Large Scale ◽

Background Radiation ◽

Big Bang ◽

Microwave Background ◽

Initial State ◽

Microwave Background Radiation ◽

Cosmological Data ◽

The Big Bang ◽

It is now generally accepted that the microwave background radiation, discovered in 1965 (Penzias and Wilson, 1965; Dicke et al., 1965), is cosmological in origin. Measurements of the spectrum of the radiation, discussed earlier in this volume by Blair, are consistent with the idea that the radiation is in fact a relic of a hot, dense, initial state of the Universe – the Big Bang. If the radiation is cosmological, measurements of both its spectrum and its angular distribution are capable of providing important – and remarkably precise – cosmological data.

The Battle for the Cosmos!

The Cosmic Mystery Tour ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198831860.003.0011 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 84-92

Author(s):

Nicholas Mee

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Big Bang ◽

State Theory ◽

Microwave Background ◽

George Gamow ◽

Big Bang Theory ◽

Fred Hoyle ◽

The Big Bang ◽

We now know the universe began with the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago, but for several years debate raged between the supporters of the Big Bang theory led by George Gamow and supporters of the Steady State theory led by Fred Hoyle. Hoyle showed that the elements were synthesized in the stars, not in the Big Bang as Gamow believed. But Gamow’s colleagues Alpher and Herman predicted the existence of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) created immediately after the Big Bang. The CMB was discovered by Penzias and Wilson and this provided the crucial evidence that the Big Bang theory is correct. The CMB has since been studied in detail by a series of space probes.

WHAT IS THE SHAPE OF THE INITIAL STATE?

International Journal of Modern Physics D ◽

10.1142/s0218271813410150 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 1341015 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

NISHANT AGARWAL ◽

R. HOLMAN ◽

ANDREW J. TOLLEY

Keyword(s):

Quantum State ◽

Momentum Space ◽

Large Scale ◽

Large Scale Structure ◽

Operational Definition ◽

Microwave Background ◽

Initial State ◽

Different Shapes ◽

We argue that a plausible operational definition for an initial state of the universe is the initial quantum state of the curvature perturbations generated during inflation. We provide a parametrization of this state and generalize the standard in–in formalism to incorporate the structures in this state into the computation of correlators of the perturbations. Measurements of these correlators using both the cosmic microwave background as well as large scale structure probe different structures in the initial state, as they give rise to bi- and tri-spectra peaked on different shapes of triangles and quadrilaterals in momentum space. In essence, the shapes implied by the correlators feed directly into information about the shape of the initial state and what physics could have preceded inflation to set this state up.

B2FH, the Cosmic Microwave Background and Cosmology

Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia ◽

10.1071/as07029 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

G. Burbidge

Keyword(s):

Active Galactic Nuclei ◽

Galactic Nuclei ◽

Big Bang ◽

Microwave Background ◽

Personal View ◽

Cyclic Universe ◽

Fred Hoyle ◽

The Universe ◽

Made In

AbstractIn this talk I shall start by describing how we set about and carried out the work that led to the publication of Burbidge et al. (1957, hereafter B2FH). I then shall try and relate this work and the circumstances that surrounded it to the larger problem of the origin and formation of the universe. Here it is necessary to look back at the way that ideas developed and how, in many situations, astronomers went astray. Of course this is a personal view, though I very strongly believe that if he were still here, it is the approach that Fred Hoyle would take.I start by describing the problems originally encountered by Gamow and his associates in trying to decide where the helium was made. This leads me to a modern discussion of the origin of 2D, 3He, 4He and 7Li, originally described by B2FH as due to the x-process. While it is generally argued, following Gamow, Alpher, and Herman, that these isotopes were synthesised in a big bang I shall show that it is equally likely that these isotopes were made in active galactic nuclei, as was the cosmic microwave background (CMB), in a cyclic universe model. The key piece of observational evidence is that the amount of energy released in the conversion of hydrogen to helium in the universe is very close to the energy carried by the CMB, namely ∼4.5 × 10−13 erg cm−3.