scholarly journals Differences in total and regional body fat and their association with BMI in UK-born White and South Asian children: findings from the Born in Bradford birth cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Gillian Santorelli ◽  
Jane West ◽  
Tiffany Yang ◽  
John Wright ◽  
Maria Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
White Children ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Born In Bradford ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a proxy to determine excess adiposity, though this may underestimate fat mass (FM) in individuals of South Asian (SA) heritage. SA tend to have greater central adiposity than white people, which is associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic disease. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the differences in total and regional FM using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to see if any differences in FM varied by BMI category in UK-born white and SA children aged ~9 years. Methods: Anthropometric measurements and DXA scans were undertaken from 225 white and 269 SA children from the Born in Bradford cohort study. Linear regression was used to assess ethnic differences in total body fat percent and total and regional FM. Results: Although mean BMI was similar, compared to white children, the proportion of SA children who were overweight or obese was ~20% higher, and the proportion with > 35% total body fat (TBF) was 22% and 16% higher in boys and girls respectively. Mean TBF% was greater in SA children compared to white children in the same BMI category. Fat mass index (FMI) was higher in all body regions in SA children in all BMI categories; as was total and truncal FMI in healthy and overweight, but not obese, SA children.. Conclusions: Greater TBF% and total and regional FM in SA children suggests they may be at greater risk of future cardiometabolic disease at a BMI level below the obesity threshold. However, our sample size was small, and results may be influenced by selection bias and confounding; our findings need to be replicated in a larger study.

scholarly journals Differences in total and regional body fat and their association with BMI in UK-born White and South Asian children: findings from the Born in Bradford birth cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Gillian Santorelli ◽  
Jane West ◽  
Tiffany Yang ◽  
John Wright ◽  
Maria Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Children ◽  
Born In Bradford ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a proxy to determine excess adiposity, though this may underestimate fat mass (FM) in individuals of South Asian (SA) heritage. SA tend to have greater central adiposity than white people, which is associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic disease. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the differences in total and regional FM using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to see if any differences in FM varied by BMI category in UK-born white and SA children aged ~9 years. Methods: Anthropometric measurements and DXA scans were undertaken from 225 white and 269 SA children from the Born in Bradford cohort study. Linear regression was used to assess ethnic differences in total body fat percent and total and regional FM. Results: Although the mean BMI was similar, compared to white children, the proportion of SA children who were overweight or obese was ~20% higher, they had a median of 2kg more total FM, and the proportion with > 35% total body fat (TBF) was 22% and 16% higher in boys and girls respectively. Mean TBF% was greater in each BMI category, as was truncal, android and gynoid FM, with the greatest differences between ethnic groups observed in the healthy and overweight categories. Conclusions: Greater TBF% and total and regional FM in the healthy- and overweight BMI categories observed in SA children suggests they may be at greater risk of future cardiometabolic disease at a BMI level below obesity threshold. However, our sample size was small, and results may be influenced by selection bias and confounding; our findings need to be replicated in a larger study.

scholarly journals Smaller differences in total and regional adiposity with age in women who regularly perform endurance exercise

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (4) ◽  
pp. E626-E634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael E. Van Pelt ◽  
Kevin P. Davy ◽  
Edie T. Stevenson ◽  
Teresa M. Wilson ◽  
Pamela P. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Regional Adiposity

Our aim was to determine if women who regularly perform endurance exercise demonstrate age-related elevations in body mass and adiposity. Ninety-five healthy females were studied: premenopausal ( n = 28; mean ± SE age 30 ± 1 yr) and postmenopausal ( n = 31; 56 ± 1 yr) endurance-trained runners and premenopausal ( n = 17; 29 ± 1 yr) and postmenopausal ( n = 19; 61 ± 1 yr) sedentary controls. In the runners, body mass did not differ across age, but percent fat and fat mass were higher ( P < 0.05) in the postmenopausal women. The age-related difference in total body fat, however, was only ∼50% as great ( P < 0.01) as that observed in the sedentary controls due in part to smaller age-related differences in central (truncal) fat. The higher fat mass in the postmenopausal runners was modestly (inversely) related to both exercise volume ( r = −0.44, P < 0.01) and maximal oxygen consumption ( r = −0.41, P < 0.01). The present findings provide experimental support for the hypothesis that women who regularly engage in vigorous endurance exercise may not gain body weight, undergo only a modest increase in total body fat, and do not demonstrate a significant elevation in central adiposity with age.

Bivariate whole-genome linkage scan for bone geometry and total body fat mass

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufeng Lei ◽  
Feiyan Deng ◽  
Peng Xiao ◽  
Kai Zhong ◽  
Hongyi Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Ethnic Variation in Fat and Lean Body Mass and the Association with Insulin Resistance

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 4696-4702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Lear ◽  
Simi Kohli ◽  
Gregory P. Bondy ◽  
André Tchernof ◽  
Allan D. Sniderman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Context: Body fat distribution varies among different ethnic groups, yet less is known regarding differences in lean mass and how this may affect insulin resistance. Objective: Our objective was to compare total body fat to lean mass ratio (F:LM) in Aboriginal, Chinese, European, and South Asian individuals with differences in insulin resistance. Participants, Design, and Setting: Aboriginal (196), Chinese (222), European (202), and South Asian (208) individuals were recruited across a range of body mass index to participate in this cross-sectional community study. Main Outcome Measures: Total body fat, lean mass, and insulin resistance were assessed using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Results: After adjustment for confounders and at a given body fat, South Asian men had less lean mass than Aboriginal [3.42 kg less; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.55–5.29], Chinese (3.01 kg less; 95% CI = 1.33–4.70), and European (3.57 kg less; 95% CI = 1.82–5.33) men, whereas South Asian women had less lean mass than Aboriginal (1.98 kg less; 95% CI = 0.45–3.50), Chinese (2.24 kg less; 95% CI = 0.81–3.68), and European (2.97 kg less; 95% CI = 1.67–4.27) women. In adjusted models, F:LM was higher in South Asian compared with Chinese and European men and higher in South Asian compared with Aboriginal, Chinese, and European women (P &lt; 0.01 for all). Insulin and HOMA were greatest in South Asians after adjustment; however, these differences were no longer apparent when F:LM was considered. Conclusions: South Asians have a phenotype of high fat mass and low lean mass, which may account for greater levels of insulin and HOMA compared with other ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Relationship of total body fat mass to weight-bearing bone volumetric density, geometry, and strength in young girls

Bone ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua N. Farr ◽  
Zhao Chen ◽  
Jeffrey R. Lisse ◽  
Timothy G. Lohman ◽  
Scott B. Going
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Volumetric Density ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Bone Volumetric Density ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Associations of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation with Body Fat in Premenopausal Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Warren ◽  
Barbara A. Gower ◽  
Gary R. Hunter ◽  
Samuel T. Windham ◽  
Douglas R. Moellering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body

Higherin vivofatty acid (FA) oxidation rates have been reported in obese individuals compared to lean counterparts; however whether this reflects a shift in substrate-specific oxidative capacity at the level of the skeletal muscle mitochondria has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that in situ measures of skeletal muscle mitochondria FA oxidation would be positively associated with total body fat. Participants were 38 premenopausal women (BMI=26.5±4.3 kg/m2). Total and regional fat were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Mitochondrial FA oxidation was assessed in permeabilized myofibers using high-resolution respirometry and a palmitoyl carnitine substrate. We found positive associations of total fat mass with State 3 (ADP-stimulated respiration) (r=0.379,p<0.05) and the respiratory control ratio (RCR, measure of mitochondrial coupling) (r=0.348,p<0.05). When participants were dichotomized by high or low body fat percent, participants with high total body fat displayed a higher RCR compared to those with low body fat (p<0.05). There were no associations between any measure of regional fat and mitochondrial FA oxidation independent of total fat mass. In conclusion, greater FA oxidation in obesity may reflect molecular processes that enhance FA oxidation capacity at the mitochondrial level.

Predicting body fat and body mass in moose with ultrasonography

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R Stephenson ◽  
Kris J Hundertmark ◽  
Charles C Schwartz ◽  
Victor Van Ballenberghe
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Total Body

Lipids are the primary energy store of the body and estimation of these reserves provides an indication of nutritional status in moose (Alces alces). Estimates of total body fat enhance our understanding of reproductive potential, survival rate, energy balance, and nutritional carrying capacity. We developed predictive equations of total body fat and body mass from ultrasonographic fat measurements for application in live animals. We detected a strong linear relationship (r2 = 0.96) between ingesta-free body fat and rump fat thickness measured by ultrasonography. Rump fat thickness was measurable over a range of body fat levels (5.8-19.1%). Rump fat mass (r2 = 0.92) and kidney fat mass (r2 = 0.95) were curvilinearly related to ingesta-free body fat level. For adult females, total length and chest girth were not related to body mass. Ingesta-free body fat, however, explained 81% of the variability in body mass, and ultrasonically measured rump fat thickness predicted body mass (r2 = 0.80).

scholarly journals Impact of a lignan-rich diet on adiposity and insulin sensitivity in post-menopausal women

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Morisset ◽  
Simone Lemieux ◽  
Alain Veilleux ◽  
Jean Bergeron ◽  
S. John Weisnagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Post Menopausal

There has been a growing interest in lignans, a class of phyto-oestrogens, because of their potentially favourable effects on human health. The aim of the present study was to compare the metabolic profile of post-menopausal women consuming various amounts of dietary lignans. Phyto-oestrogen intake was assessed using a 3-d dietary record analysed with a Canadian food phyto-oestrogen content data table in 115 post-menopausal women (age 56·8 (sd 4·4) years and BMI 28·5 (sd 5·9) kg/m2). Plasma enterolactone (ENL), the major biologically active metabolite of dietary lignans, was determined by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. Anthropometrics, abdominal adipose tissue areas (computed tomography), body composition (hydrostatic weighing) and insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp) were measured in all women. Women in the high dietary lignan intake subgroup (n 29) had a significantly lower BMI and total body fat mass, as well as a better glucose disposal rate (GDR; P < 0·05), compared with women in the low lignan intake subgroup (n 28). The majority of women with the highest dietary lignan intake were also in the highest quartile of plasma ENL (59 %). Women in the highest ENL quartile had a significantly lower BMI (26·1 (sd 4·4) v. 30·4 (sd 6·9) kg/m2, P < 0·05), total body fat mass (24·8 (sd 9·8) v. 33·3 (sd 13·3) kg, P < 0·05), 2 h postload glycaemia (5·5 (sd 0·9) v. 5·7 (sd 0·8) nmol/l, P < 0·05) and a higher GDR (8·3 (sd 2·7) v. 5·5 (sd 2·8), P < 0·01) compared with women in the lowest ENL quartile. In conclusion, women with the highest ENL concentrations had a better metabolic profile including higher insulin sensitivity and lower adiposity measures.

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