Temporal patterns of words with and without suffixes in spontaneous Hungarian

Temporal properties of words are defined by physiological, psychical, and language-specific factors. Lexical representations are assumed to be stored either in a morphologically decomposed form or in a conceptually non-decomposed form. We assumed that the duration of words with and without suffixes would refer to the route of their lexical access. Measured durations of Hungarian nouns with various lengths produced by 10 speakers in spontaneous utterances revealed significant differences, depending on the words’ morphological structures. Durations of monomorphemic nouns were shorter than those of multimorphemic nouns, irrespective of the number of syllables they contained. Our interpretation is that multimorphemic words are accessed decompositionally in spontaneous speech, meaning that stem activation of the semantic representation is followed by activation of one or more suffixes. Durational differences of monomorphemic and multimorphemic words were not stable across word lengths. The number of suffixes did not influence the words’ temporal patterns. Kokkuvõte. Mária Gósy ja Ákos Gocsál: Sufiksiga ja sufiksita sõnade ajaline struktuur spontaanses ungari keeles. Sõnade ajalised omadused sõltuvad füsioloogilistest, psühholoogilistest ja keelespetsiifilistest teguritest. Eelduste kohaselt on sõnad mentaalses leksikonis representeeritud kas morfeemideks analüüsituna või tervikmõistena. Uurimuses lähtuti eeldusest, et sufiksiga ja sufiksita sõnade kestus viitab sellele, kuidas juurdepääs neile toimub. Mõõdeti kümne kõneleja spontaansetes lausungites produtseeritud eri pikkusega ungari nimisõnade kestust. Ilmnes, et kestus sõltus oluliselt sõna morfoloogilisest ülesehitusest. Tüvisõnade kestus oli tuletiste omast lühem, sõltumata silpide arvust sõnas. Järelduseks saadi, et juurdepääs tuletistele toimub spontaanses kõnes osade kaupa: tüve semantilise representatsiooni aktiveerimisele järgneb sufiksi või sufiksite aktiveerimine. Tüvisõnade ja tuletiste kestuserinevused olid eri pikkusega sõnade puhul erinevad. Sufiksite arv sõna ajalist struktuuri ei mõjutanud. Märksõnad: kestus, nimisõnad, tüvisõnad ja tuletised, leksikaalne juurdepääs, spontaansed lausungid

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Temporal properties of spontaneous speech—a syllable-centric perspective

Journal of Phonetics ◽

10.1016/j.wocn.2003.09.005 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 31 (3-4) ◽

pp. 465-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 162

Author(s):

Steven Greenberg ◽

Hannah Carvey ◽

Leah Hitchcock ◽

Shuangyu Chang

Keyword(s):

Spontaneous Speech ◽

Temporal Properties

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Multimodal Data Evaluation for Classification Problems

10.5121/csit.2021.112105 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniela Moctezuma ◽

Víctor Muníz ◽

Jorge García

Keyword(s):

Semantic Representation ◽

User Profiling ◽

Classification Model ◽

Classification Problems ◽

Multimodal Data ◽

Lexical Representations ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

Main Input ◽

Text Images ◽

Media Data

Social media data is currently the main input to a wide variety of research works in many knowledge fields. This kind of data is generally multimodal, i.e., it contains different modalities of information such as text, images, video or audio, mainly. To deal with multimodal data to tackle a specific task could be very difficult. One of the main challenges is to find useful representations of the data, capable of capturing the subtle information that the users who generate that information provided, or even the way they use it. In this paper, we analysed the usage of two modalities of data, images, and text, both in a separate way and by combining them to address two classification problems: meme's classification and user profiling. For images, we use a textual semantic representation by using a pre-trained model of image captioning. Later, a text classifier based on optimal lexical representations was used to build a classification model. Interesting findings were found in the usage of these two modalities of data, and the pros and cons of using them to solve the two classification problems are also discussed.

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The role of lexical access in spontaneous speech disfluencies

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ◽

10.1121/1.417416 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 2573-2573

Author(s):

Gerald W. McRoberts ◽

Herbert H. Clark

Keyword(s):

Lexical Access ◽

Spontaneous Speech

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Asymmetric lexical access and fuzzy lexical representations in second language learners

Benjamins Current Topics - Phonological and Phonetic Considerations of Lexical Processing ◽

10.1075/bct.80.06dar ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 119-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Isabelle Darcy ◽

Danielle Daidone ◽

Chisato Kojima

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Language Learners ◽

Lexical Access ◽

Second Language Learners ◽

Lexical Representations

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Cut (n) and cut (v) are not homophones: Lemma frequency affects the duration of noun–verb conversion pairs

Journal of Linguistics ◽

10.1017/s0022226717000378 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 753-777 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

ARNE LOHMANN

Keyword(s):

Speech Production ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Mental Lexicon ◽

Spontaneous Speech ◽

Word Class ◽

Lexical Representations ◽

Production Models ◽

Form Representation

This paper tests whether lemma frequency impacts the duration of homographic noun–verb homophones in spontaneous speech, e.g. cut (n)/cut (v). In earlier research on effects of lemma frequency (e.g. Gahl 2008), these pairs of words were not investigated due to a focus on heterographic homophones. Theories of the mental lexicon in both linguistics and psycholinguistics differ as to whether these word pairs are assumed to have shared or separate lexical representations. An empirical analysis based on spontaneous speech from the Buckeye corpus (Pitt et al. 2007) yields the result that differences in lemma frequency affect the duration of the N/V pairs under investigation. First, this finding provides evidence for N/V pairs having separate representations and thus supports models of the mental lexicon in which lexical entries are specified for word class. Second, the result is at odds with an account of ‘full inheritance’ of frequency across homophones and consequently with speech production models implementing inheritance effects via a shared form representation for homophonous words. The findings are best accounted for in a model that assumes completely separate lexical representations for homophonous words.

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Lexical access in L2

The Mental Lexicon ◽

10.1075/ml.10.2.04coo ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 247-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Svetlana V. Cook ◽

Kira Gor

Keyword(s):

Lexical Access ◽

Interstimulus Interval ◽

Priming Effect ◽

Decision Task ◽

Phonological Priming ◽

Lexical Competition ◽

Advanced Learners ◽

Lexical Representations ◽

L2 Learners ◽

Whole Word

Previous research on phonological priming in a Lexical Decision Task (LDT) has demonstrated that second language (L2) learners do not show inhibition typical for native (L1) speakers that results from lexical competition, but rather a reversed effect – facilitation (Gor, Cook, & Jackson, 2010). The present study investigates the source of the reversed priming effect and addresses two possible causes: a deficit in lexical representations and a processing constraint. Twenty-three advanced learners of Russian participated in two experiments. The monolingual Russian LDT task with priming addressed the processing constraint by manipulating the interstimulus interval (ISI, 350 ms and 500 ms). The translation task evaluated the robustness of lexical representations at both the phonolexical level (whole-word phonological representation) and the level of form-to-meaning mapping, thereby addressing the lexical deficit. L2 learners did not benefit from an increased ISI, indicating lack of support for the processing constraint. However, the study, found evidence for the representational deficit: when L2 familiarity with the words is controlled and L2 representations are robust, L2 learners demonstrate native-like processing accompanied by inhibition; however, when the words have fragmented (or fuzzy) representations, L2 lexical access is unfaithful and is accompanied by reduced lexical competition leading to facilitation effects.

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Testing tolerance for lexically-specific factors in Gradient Symbolic Computation

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728916000122 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 897-899 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JANET G. VAN HELL ◽

CLARA COHEN ◽

SARAH GREY

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

Review Literature ◽

Code Switching ◽

Target Picture ◽

Lexical Representations ◽

Code Mixing ◽

Co Activation ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Lexical Factors

In their keynote article, Goldrick, Putnam and Schwarz (2016) present a computational account of code-mixing. Although they review literature on the co-activation of lexical representations and cognate facilitation effects in bilingual language processing, their model remains silent on how it interfaces with lexical factors, and how lexical factors impact code-switching. One such lexical factor is cognate status, which has been found to affect code-switching, as demonstrated in corpus analyses (e.g., Broersma & De Bot, 2006) and psycholinguistic experiments (Kootstra, Van Hell & Dijkstra, 2012). For example, using the structural priming technique to examine the role of lexical factors in code-switching, Kootstra et al. asked Dutch–English bilinguals to repeat a code-switched prime sentence (starting in Dutch and ending in English) and then describe a target picture by means of a code-switched sentence (also from Dutch into English). They observed that bilinguals' tendency to switch at the same position as in the prime sentence was increased when the prime sentence and target picture contained cognates.

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Fuzzy Lexical Representations in Adult Second Language Speakers

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.732030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Kira Gor ◽

Svetlana Cook ◽

Denisa Bordag ◽

Anna Chrabaszcz ◽

Andreas Opitz

Keyword(s):

Lexical Access ◽

Lexical Processing ◽

Input Frequency ◽

Main Claim ◽

Lexical Representations ◽

Storage And Retrieval ◽

Second Language Speakers ◽

Core Property ◽

Phonological Form ◽

Word Forms

We propose the fuzzy lexical representations (FLRs) hypothesis that regards fuzziness as a core property of nonnative (L2) lexical representations (LRs). Fuzziness refers to imprecise encoding at different levels of LRs and interacts with input frequency during lexical processing and learning in adult L2 speakers. The FLR hypothesis primarily focuses on the encoding of spoken L2 words. We discuss the causes of fuzzy encoding of phonological form and meaning as well as fuzzy form-meaning mappings and the consequences of fuzzy encoding for word storage and retrieval. A central factor contributing to the fuzziness of L2 LRs is the fact that the L2 lexicon is acquired when the L1 lexicon is already in place. There are two immediate consequences of such sequential learning. First, L2 phonological categorization difficulties lead to fuzzy phonological form encoding. Second, the acquisition of L2 word forms subsequently to their meanings, which had already been acquired together with the L1 word forms, leads to weak L2 form-meaning mappings. The FLR hypothesis accounts for a range of phenomena observed in L2 lexical processing, including lexical confusions, slow lexical access, retrieval of incorrect lexical entries, weak lexical competition, reliance on sublexical rather than lexical heuristics in word recognition, the precedence of word form over meaning, and the prominence of detailed, even if imprecisely encoded, information about LRs in episodic memory. The main claim of the FLR hypothesis – that the quality of lexical encoding is a product of a complex interplay between fuzziness and input frequency – can contribute to increasing the efficiency of the existing models of LRs and lexical access.

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