Molecular Cloning of cDNA for BRab from the Brain ofBombyx moriand Biochemical Properties of BRab Expressed inEscherichia coli

The brain ventricles are interconnected, elaborate cavities that traverse the brain. They are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that is, to a large part, produced by the choroid plexus, a secretory epithelium that reaches into the ventricles. CSF is rich in cytokines, growth factors and extracellular vesicles that glide along the walls of ventricles, powered by bundles of motile cilia that coat the ventricular wall. We review the cellular and biochemical properties of the ventral part of the third ventricle that is surrounded by the hypothalamus. In particular, we consider the recently discovered intricate network of cilia-driven flows that characterize this ventricle and discuss the potential physiological significance of this flow for the directional transport of CSF signals to cellular targets located either within the third ventricle or in the adjacent hypothalamic brain parenchyma. Cilia-driven streams of signalling molecules offer an exciting perspective on how fluid-borne signals are dynamically transmitted in the brain. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Unity and diversity of cilia in locomotion and transport’.

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The Pharmacological Activity, Biochemical Properties, and Pharmacokinetics of the Major Natural Polyphenolic Flavonoid: Quercetin

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9030374 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 374 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Gaber El-Saber Batiha ◽

Amany Magdy Beshbishy ◽

Muhammad Ikram ◽

Zohair S. Mulla ◽

Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Natural Substances ◽

Current Review ◽

Flavonoid Quercetin ◽

Small Intestines ◽

The Brain

Flavonoids are a class of natural substances present in plants, fruits, vegetables, wine, bulbs, bark, stems, roots, and tea. Several attempts are being made to isolate such natural products, which are popular for their health benefits. Flavonoids are now seen as an essential component in a number of cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and medicinal formulations. Quercetin is the major polyphenolic flavonoid found in food products, including berries, apples, cauliflower, tea, cabbage, nuts, and onions that have traditionally been treated as anticancer and antiviral, and used for the treatment of allergic, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders, eye and cardiovascular diseases, and arthritis. Pharmacologically, quercetin has been examined against various microorganisms and parasites, including pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and Plasmodium, Babesia, and Theileria parasites. Additionally, it has shown beneficial effects against Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and this activity is due to its inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase. It has also been documented to possess antioxidant, antifungal, anti-carcinogenic, hepatoprotective, and cytotoxic activity. Quercetin has been documented to accumulate in the lungs, liver, kidneys, and small intestines, with lower levels seen in the brain, heart, and spleen, and it is extracted through the renal, fecal, and respiratory systems. The current review examines the pharmacokinetics, as well as the toxic and biological activities of quercetin.

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Molecular Cloning of a cDNA Coding for Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase from Zebrafish and Its Expression inEscherichia coli

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf970763e ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 2863-2867 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Chuian-Fu Ken ◽

Jei-Fu Shaw ◽

Jen-Leih Wu ◽

Chi-Tsai Lin

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Molecular Cloning ◽

Inescherichia Coli ◽

Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Copper Zinc ◽

Expression Inescherichia Coli

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Molecular cloning of the gene encoding the bovine brain ribonucelase and its expression in different regions of the brain

Nucleic Acids Research ◽

10.1093/nar/19.23.6469 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 19 (23) ◽

pp. 6469-6474 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

M.P. Sasso ◽

A. Carsana ◽

E. Confalone ◽

C. Cosi ◽

S. Sorrentino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Cloning ◽

Bovine Brain ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

The Brain

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Human tauopathy-derived tau strains determine the substrates recruited for templated amplification

Brain ◽

10.1093/brain/awab091 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Airi Tarutani ◽

Haruka Miyata ◽

Takashi Nonaka ◽

Kazuko Hasegawa ◽

Mari Yoshida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cultured Cells ◽

Corticobasal Degeneration ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Cellular Model ◽

Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽

Structural Differences ◽

The Brain ◽

Strain Dependent ◽

Disease Specific ◽

Prion Hypothesis

Abstract Tauopathies are a subset of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by abnormal tau inclusions. Specifically, three-repeat tau and four-repeat tau in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), three-repeat tau in Pick's disease (PiD) and four-repeat in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) form amyloid-like fibrous structures that accumulate in neurons and/or glial cells. Amplification and cell-to-cell transmission of abnormal tau based on the prion hypothesis are believed to explain the onset and progression of tauopathies. Recent studies support not only the self-propagation of abnormal tau, but also the presence of conformationally distinct tau aggregates, namely tau strains. Cryo-electron microscopy analyses of patient-derived tau filaments have revealed disease-specific ordered tau structures. However, it remains unclear whether the ultrastructural and biochemical properties of tau strains are inherited during the amplification of abnormal tau in the brain. In this study, we investigated template-dependent amplification of tau aggregates using a cellular model of seeded aggregation. Tau strains extracted from human tauopathies caused strain-dependent accumulation of insoluble filamentous tau in SH-SY5Y cells. The seeding activity towards full-length four-repeat tau substrate was highest in CBD-tau seeds, followed by PSP-tau and AD-tau seeds, while AD-tau seeds showed higher seeding activity than PiD-tau seeds towards three-repeat tau substrates. Abnormal tau amplified in cells inherited the ultrastructural and biochemical properties of the original seeds. These results strongly suggest that the structural differences of patient-derived tau strains underlie the diversity of tauopathies, and that seeded aggregation and filament formation mimicking the pathogenesis of sporadic tauopathy can be reproduced in cultured cells. Our results indicate that the disease-specific conformation of tau aggregates determines the tau isoform substrate that is recruited for templated amplification, and also influences the prion-like seeding activity.

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