Identification of Orcokinin Gene-Related Peptides in the Brain of the Crayfish Procambarus clarkii by the Combination of MALDI-TOF and On-Line Capillary HPLC/Q-Tof Mass Spectrometries and Molecular Cloning

2000 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimi Yasuda-Kamatani ◽  
Akikazu Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Cloning ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Capillary Hplc

Rhythmic changes in the serotonin content of the brain and eyestalk of crayfish during development

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (20) ◽  
pp. 2823-2830 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Castanon-Cervantes ◽  
B. Battelle ◽  
M.L. Fanjul-Moles
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Cerebral Ganglion ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Circadian Variations ◽  
Constant Illumination ◽  
Serotonin Content ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

The present study investigated developmental circadian changes in the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in two structures proposed to contain pacemakers in crayfish Procambarus clarkii: the cerebral ganglion and the eyestalks. Crayfish (N=260) from three developmental stages were divided into two groups: (1) animals subjected to 12 h:12 h light:dark cycles for 10 days and (2) animals treated as described above, then exposed to 72 h of continuous dim light. Crayfish from both groups were killed at different times of day, and the cerebral ganglion and the eyestalks of each were assayed for 5-HT by reversed-phase HPLC with electrochemical detection. In all stages of development, 5-HT content (expressed as (μ)g g(−)(1)wet mass tissue) showed circadian variations in both structures analyzed; rhythms continued to free-run under constant illumination, and total 5-HT content was higher in the brain (0.581+/−0.36 (μ)g g(−)(1); mean +/− s.e.m.) than in the eyestalks (0.299+/−0.15 (μ)g g(−)(1)). As development advances, the percentage of the rhythm that shows periods of 24 h diminishes, while the percentage of the rhythm that shows periods of 9 to 12 h increases. This seems to indicate that pulsatile variations in 5-HT content are superimposed in a circadian component. The relationship between the 5-HT rhythm and electroretinogram and motor activity rhythms during development is discussed.

Characterization of Oscillatory Olfactory Interneurones in the Protocerebrum of the Crayfish

1992 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-38
Author(s):  
DEFOREST MELLON ◽  
DAVID C. SANDEMAN ◽  
RENATE E. SANDEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
University Of Virginia ◽  
Olfactory Pathway ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Burst Period ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
The Brain

1. We obtained intracellular electrophysiological recordings from local interneurones within the hemi-ellipsoid neuropile of the brain in the freshwater crayfish Cherax destructor and Procambarus clarkii. The recordings were made from perfused, isolated head preparations that provided several indications of a healthy physiological condition. 2. The hemi-ellipsoid interneurones are spontaneously active, generating bursts of action potentials at regular intervals. The inter-burst period differs among neurones, varying from about 1.0 s at the shortest periods to around 30 s for the longest periods. 3. Evidence from both electrophysiological recordings and from injection of Lucifer Yellow and Neurobiotin dyes into hemi-ellipsoid interneurones suggests that some of the cells in the populations are electrically coupled to one another. 4. Hemi-ellipsoid interneurones are driven postsynaptically by axons within the lateral protocerebral tract. Experiments with focal electrical stimulation strongly suggest that the pathways responsible include axons of the olfactory-globular tract. These findings support our previous electron microscopical data showing that olfactory-globular tract axons are presynaptic to the hemi-ellipsoid interneurones. 5. These findings support the conclusion that hemi-ellipsoid interneurones are an integral link in the central olfactory pathway of the crayfish. Note: Present address and address for reprint requests: Department of Biology, Gilmer Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA.

scholarly journals Molecular cloning of the gene encoding the bovine brain ribonucelase and its expression in different regions of the brain

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 6469-6474 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Sasso ◽  
A. Carsana ◽  
E. Confalone ◽  
C. Cosi ◽  
S. Sorrentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Cloning ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Molecular Cloning of cDNA for BRab from the Brain ofBombyx moriand Biochemical Properties of BRab Expressed inEscherichia coli

1998 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1885-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohide UNO ◽  
Mayumi UENO ◽  
Ayumi NAKAJIMA ◽  
Yasuhito SHIRAI ◽  
Yasuo AIZONO
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Cloning ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Inescherichia Coli ◽  
The Brain

Molecular cloning of rat cDNAs for the ζ and θ subtypes of 14-3-3 protein and differential distributions of their mRNAs in the brain

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Watanabe ◽  
Toshiaki Isobe ◽  
Tohru Ichimura ◽  
Ryozo Kuwano ◽  
Yasuo Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Cloning ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Eye-tracking and ERPs in multi-word expression research: A state-of-the-art review of the method and findings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Siyanova
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Word Level ◽  
On Line ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the mechanisms that underlie on-line processing (comprehension and production) of units above the word level, known as multi-word expressions (MWEs). MWEs are a heterogeneous family of expressions that vary greatly in their linguistic properties but are perceived as highly conventional by native speakers. Extensive behavioural research has demonstrated that, due to their frequency and predictability, MWEs are processed differently from novel strings of language. At the very least, MWEs have been shown to be processed faster than matched control phrases. However, behavioural measures are limited in what they can tell us about MWE processing in the brain above and beyond the speed of processing. The present paper argues in favour of two powerful psycho-and neurolinguistic techniques-eye-tracking and event-related brain potentials (ERPs)-and presents a case for why these techniques are particularly suited for the investigation of phrasal frequency and predictive linguistic mechanisms. A number of studies that have drawn on these methods in their exploration of MWEs are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on the unique role of the method and its ability to tap into the underlying mechanisms implicated in MWE processing. It is argued that the two techniques complement, rather than duplicate each other, providing an ever richer account of the (psycho)linguistic phenomenon that MWEs are. © John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
On Line ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Advanced Computer

This book deals with the field of Electroencephalography in the widest possible sense, from the cellular foundations of the electric activities of the brain to a vast number of clinical applications. The basic science sections were up-dated to include advanced computer modeling approaches. The chapters on normal and pathological EEG findings in premature infants, newborns and children were thoroughly revised to keep up with the advances that have taken place recently in studying brain developmental issues. Major advances have taken place in neurophysiological findings in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, which led to thoroughly revised chapters. Other rapidly changing subjects related to EEG recording/monitoring in ICU's, EMUs, and operating rooms, in patients with epilepsy, head injuries, infectious disorders and those undergoing surgical procedures, led to radically updating a number of chapters and to the addition of a chapter dedicated to invasive recordings for the treatment of patients with movement disorders. A previously missing chapter on the neurophysiology of myoclonus was added. Chapters that deal with automated EEG interpretation techniques and with standardizing EEG reporting using ILAE/IFCN approved terminology, were also added. Many chapters in the on-line version of the book will have the ability to link to a database of over 150 complete EEGs that cover the scope seen in a general EEG Lab. This link will allow the reader to manipulate the EEG display parameters as if they were in their own lab, generate a report and compare it to one generated by a panel of senior EEGers.

scholarly journals A half century of γ-aminobutyric acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 239821281985824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor G Smart ◽  
F Anne Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Cloning ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Neural Excitability ◽  
The Brain

γ-aminobutyric acid has become one of the most widely known neurotransmitter molecules in the brain over the last 50 years, recognised for its pivotal role in inhibiting neural excitability. It emerged from studies of crustacean muscle and neurons before its significance to the mammalian nervous system was appreciated. Now, after five decades of investigation, we know that most neurons are γ-aminobutyric-acid-sensitive, it is a cornerstone of neural physiology and dysfunction to γ-aminobutyric acid signalling is increasingly documented in a range of neurological diseases. In this review, we briefly chart the neurodevelopment of γ-aminobutyric acid and its two major receptor subtypes: the γ-aminobutyric acidA and γ-aminobutyric acidB receptors, starting from the humble invertebrate origins of being an ‘interesting molecule’ acting at a single γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type, to one of the brain’s most important neurochemical components and vital drug targets for major therapeutic classes of drugs. We document the period of molecular cloning and the explosive influence this had on the field of neuroscience and pharmacology up to the present day and the production of atomic γ-aminobutyric acidA and γ-aminobutyric acidB receptor structures. γ-Aminobutyric acid is no longer a humble molecule but the instigator of rich and powerful signalling processes that are absolutely vital for healthy brain function.

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