Effectiveness of Instruction Performed through ComputerAssisted Activity Schedules on On-Schedule and Role-Play Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author(s):  
И.А. Конева ◽  
Н.В. Карпушкина ◽  
А.Н. Щербакова

В статье рассматривается актуальная проблема психологического сопровождения дошкольников с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС), в частности психокоррекция их игровой деятельности. Проведенное авторами психологическое исследование позволило констатировать, что основными особенностями игры дошкольников с РАС являются преобладание в ней предметно-манипулятивной деятельности, выраженный сенсорный раздражитель как основной мотив для игры; трудности в использовании предметов-заместителей, свойств игрушек, использование их не по назначению, стереотипность игровых действий. Сделанные выводы позволили разработать коррекционно-развивающую программу, направленную на развитие процессуальной игры дошкольников с РАС с целью формирования предпосылок развития у них навыков сюжетно-ролевой игры и оптимизации их общего психического развития. В статье раскрыты принципы такой коррекционно-развивающей работы; подробно описана структура коррекционно-развивающей программы, направленной на формирование процессуальной игры дошкольников с РАС, которая является базовой для развития игровой деятельности более высокого уровня, методика ее проведения и сформулированы психологические рекомендации по организации и содержанию коррекции игровой деятельности детей с РАС. После реализации программы и формирования у рассматриваемой категории детей навыков процессуальной игры возможен переход к разработке и реализации коррекционно-развивающих программ, направленных на формирование навыков игры с элементами сюжета, а в последующем — сюжетно-ролевой игры, что определяет перспективы дальнейшей работы и научных исследований. The article treats psychological support of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder and focuses on psycho-corrective play activities. The psychological research enables the authors to state that preschool children with autism spectrum disorder prefer play activities which allow manipulation of objects, demonstrate stereotypical behaviors, experience difficulties with substituting play objects, engage in playing activities when experiencing sensory stimulation. The outcomes of the research enable the authors to develop a correctional program aimed at the development of play activities in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder in order to prepare them for role-play activities and enhance their psychological development. The article describes the principles and the structure of correctional activities aimed at the development of play activities in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder in order to prepare them for more complicated role-play activities. The article provides a structure program for teaching children with autism spectrum disorder to play and underlines the correctional potential of play activities. When the program is implemented and autistic preschoolers know how to play, they can be taught to role-play, which can be treated as an issue requiring further research.


2020 ◽  
pp. 014544552093985
Author(s):  
Gabrielle T. Lee ◽  
Xiaoyi Hu ◽  
Yanhong Liu ◽  
Yuan Ren

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not have symbolic play skills. One type of symbolic play involves playing with imaginary objects, in which a child displays play actions without actual objects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of video modeling on the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of playing with imaginary objects in young children with ASD. Three male Chinese children (aged 4–5 years) with ASD participated in this study. A multiple-probe across three behaviors design was used. The results indicated that video modeling was effective in establishing and maintaining target symbolic play behaviors for the three children. Generalization to untaught imaginary play activities occurred in all three children.


Author(s):  
Iwona Ruta-Sominka ◽  
Anna Budzińska

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased in recent decades. The need to provide evidence-based practices in the field of ASD is also growing. The Institute for Child Development (IWRD) in Poland is offering science-based intervention to children with autism, based on the model developed initially by McClannahan and Krantz (1993) in the Princeton Child Development Institute, USA. Their research and clinical experience show that activity schedules are very effective in teaching people with autism many new skills. However, activity schedules in the “traditional” paper version could lead to stigmatization while used inthe social environment. It is essential to give people with autism spectrum disorder socially acceptable tools, which can help them to function more independently. The intensive development of modern technologies as well as an easy access to various types of mobile devices inspired us to implement tablets into our treatment.Friendly Schedule is an application for children and youth with autism and related disorders, which was developed as a joint initiative of the Gdańsk University of Technology and the Institute for Child Development. The application was created as a “non-profit” project. The data from our research show that manual prompts are very effective in teaching children with autism to follow activity schedules on a tablet. All of our participants learned to use the application Friendly Schedule to complete five tasks independently. In the IWRD program the application Friendly Schedule is used to teach students with autism a variety of new skills, including verbal and social behaviours.


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