scholarly journals Development Period of Forensic Importance Calliphoridae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Urban Area Under Natural Conditions in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Sandro Barros-Souza ◽  
Ruth Leila Ferreira-Keppler ◽  
Daniela de Brito Agra
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Chrysomya Albiceps ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Pig Carcasses

In order to describe the development period of forensically-important Calliphoridae species (Diptera: Brachycera) under natural conditions in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, two experiments were carried out at Campus II of National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, one in the rainy season and the other one in the less rainy season. Pig carcasses (25kg each) were used as attractive to oviposition of the blowflies. Calliphoridae females were collected and the eggs were placed into containers with ground beef. The reared species and development time from egg to adult (in days) in the rainy season and less rainy season, respectively, were: Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) 14.5 days and 9.4 days, C. megacephala (Fabricius) 10.7 and 9.4, Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) 11.5 and 10.7, Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann) 19.7 and 14.3 and Paralucilia paraensis (Mello) reared only in the less rainy season with 11.8 days. This is a first record of the development time of P. paraensis. Período de Desenvolvimento sob Condições Naturais de Espécies de Calliphoridae (Diptera: Brachycera) de Importância Forense em Área Urbana, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil Resumo. Para descrever o tempo de desenvolvimento dos imaturos de Calliphoridae sob condições naturais, dois experimentos foram realizados no Campus II do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, um na estação chuvosa e o outro na estação menos chuvosa. Cadáveres de porcos domésticos (25kg cada) foram utilizados como substrato atrativo para a ovipostura dos califorídeos. Fêmeas grávidas de Calliphoridae foram coletadas e os ovos foram transferidos para potes plásticos contendo placas de Petri com carne bovina moída. As espécies criadas, com respectivo tempo de desenvolvimento de ovo a adulto (em dias), na estação mais chuvosa e menos chuvosa, foram: Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), 14,5 e 9,4 dias, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), 10,7 e 9,4, Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius), 11,5 e 10,7 Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann) 19,4 e 14,3 e Paralucilia paraensis (Mello), 11,8 dias, essa criada somente na estação menos chuvosa. Este é o primeiro registro do tempo de desenvolvimento de P. paraensis.

scholarly journals Forensically relevant diptera species associated with pig carcasses in a Brazilian city exposed to high rates of homicide

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. e20216101
Author(s):  
Tadeu Morais Cruz ◽  
Taciano Moura Barbosa ◽  
Patrícia Jacqueline Thyssen ◽  
Simão Dias Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Anthropogenic Action ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Rapid Dissemination ◽  
Pig Carcasses

Cities in northeastern Brazil experience extreme rates of unsolved homicides, a situation that stimulates innovative procedures in the police work, such as forensic entomology. We surveyed necrophagous insects associated with carrion in a city exposed to high rates of homicides in Northeastern Brazil. The experiments were carried out in a rainforest fragment located in Recife, State of Pernambuco. Two pig carcasses were used as models, one in the dry and the other in the rainy season. The collection of adults was performed daily until the complete skeletonization of the carcasses. At least 32 Diptera species from the families Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae, Fanniidae, Phoridae, Anthomyiidae, Piophilidae, and Stratiomyidae were registered, some of which have been previously documented on cadavers. A high richness of Diptera species was registered in all stages of decomposition. A strong overlap in the occurrence of most species was observed, which invalidates a defined entomological succession on the carcasses. Two species stood out in terms of abundance: Ophyra chalcogaster (Muscidae) and Chrysomya albiceps (Calliphoridae). The ubiquity of Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Calliphoridae) seems to confirm its preference for forest fragments exposed to low anthropogenic action. Our data contribute to expand the knowledge on the geographical distribution of forensically relevant species in the region and confirm the rapid dissemination of invasive Chrysomya species in forested areas.

Plasticity of stingless bee Melipona fuliginosa Lepeletier to obtain food resources in Amazonia

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Luciano Costa ◽  
Juliana Stephanie Galaschi-Teixeira ◽  
Ulysses Madureira Maia ◽  
Vera Lucia Imperatriz-Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Melipona Species

The stingless bee Melipona fuliginosa Lepeletier is described as being aggressive robber, but there is little information about its raids. Here, we describe two different raids of M. fuliginosa on other Melipona species: Melipona paraensis Ducke and Melipona fasciculata Smith. The robbing behavior was observed in the Volta Grande do Xingu region (Pará) and Carajás National Forest (Pará), and the attacks by M. fuliginosa occurred at the end of the dry season, shortly before the start of the rainy season, a time of flower scarcity. The raid on M. paraensis hive lasted five days and involved no deaths of worker bees of both species; the robbers collected honey and wax. During the pillaging, M. fuliginosa workers dedicated themselves exclusively to this task; their flight activity peaked between 8:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. but lasted until 6:00 p.m, which is atypical for the species. The raid on M. fasciculata differed from the other event because it led to the extermination of all forager workers of fi ve colonies, however, the brood combs as well as the callow workers were preserved; the robbers collected honey and wax. M. fuliginosa attack defensive and non-defensive colonies, the events can cause severe damage and may lead to death of the victim colony in natural conditions. Flight activity varies from foraging on fl owers during dawn to all day long robbing, showing considerable plasticity to obtain food resources. Robbing behavior could be associated to fl ower scarcity and artificial feeding.

Podarcis siculus (Reptilia: Sauria: Lacertidae), a new alien species for Russian fauna

2020 ◽  
Vol 324 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-370
Author(s):  
B.S. Tuniyev ◽  
L.M. Shagarov ◽  
O.J. Arribas
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
First Record ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Space Images ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Podarcis Siculus ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) or Italian wall lizard is one of the most invasive reptile-species. Recently, this lacertid lizard has been introduced to Mediterranean areas of southern Europe, South-West Asia (Turkey) and North America (USA). An abundant population of P. siculus was discovered on one of the sites of the Natural Ornithological Park in the Imeretinskaya Lowland, on an area of over 0.22 km2 (Sochi, Russia). The data were collected in the May of 2020 in a strip survey method in the Imeretinskaya Lowland. To identify the colonization area of the invader, we examined all 8 sections of the Natural Ornithological Park in the Imeretinskaya Lowland and adjacent urbanized areas. More than 150 animals were observed. These Italian wall lizards, undoubtedly, belong to the northern-central Italian morphotype (presumably P. s. campestris). This is the first record of this species in the former USSR area and, also, this is the species’ north-easternmost locality. The population inhabits secondary natural biotopes and urban area. Among them are the banks of artificial water bodies, areas with cultivated trees and shrubs, as well as parks, and house lawns in the urban area. Population density was estimated from eight to 40 specimens per 100 m of the transect. A moderate proportion of young specimens (more than a 40%) would indicate a healthy and continued growth of the emerging population. To determine the possible period of the species introduction, space images of the Imeretinskaya Lowland were analyzed beginning from the transformation of its landscape for the Winter Olympic Games of Sochi 2014 until the May of 2020. The introduction of the species presumably occurred with the delivery of large-sized ornamental trees and shrubs from Italy in 2012–2013. Podarcis siculus should be included in the list of herpetofauna of Russia and particularly of the Caucasus. This is an alien species with a proven ability to become an invasive species, what will lead to a greater undesirable and unavoidable contact with native small lizards of the genus Darevskia Arribas, 1997. On the other hand, as it is often observed with new invaders, a sudden rise in population abundance could be followed by a sharp decline. A continuous monitoring of the area in question and of the number of local Italian wall lizards is necessary to confirm or refute the assumed scenarios of further invasion of P. siculus on the Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus. Further action plans for this population should be developed depending on supposed future trends.

scholarly journals InSAR Multitemporal Data over Persistent Scatterers to Detect Floodwater in Urban Areas: A Case Study in Beletweyne, Somalia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Luca Pulvirenti ◽  
Marco Chini ◽  
Nazzareno Pierdicca
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Average ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Interferometric Phase ◽  
Multitemporal Data

A stack of Sentinel-1 InSAR data in an urban area where flood events recurrently occur, namely Beletweyne town in Somalia, has been analyzed. From this analysis, a novel method to deal with the problem of flood mapping in urban areas has been derived. The approach assumes the availability of a map of persistent scatterers (PSs) inside the urban settlement and is based on the analysis of the temporal trend of the InSAR coherence and the spatial average of the exponential of the InSAR phase in each PS. Both interferometric products are expected to have high and stable values in the PSs; therefore, anomalous decreases may indicate that floodwater is present in an urban area. The stack of Sentinel-1 data has been divided into two subsets. The first one has been used as a calibration set to identify the PSs and determine, for each PS, reference values of the coherence and the spatial average of the exponential of the interferometric phase under standard non-flooded conditions. The other subset has been used for validation purposes. Flood maps produced by UNOSAT, analyzing very-high-resolution optical images of the floods that occurred in Beletweyne in April–May 2018, October–November 2019, and April–May 2020, have been used as reference data. In particular, the map of the April–May 2018 flood has been used for training purposes together with the subset of Sentinel-1 calibration data, whilst the other two maps have been used to validate the products generated by applying the proposed method. The main product is a binary map of flooded PSs that complements the floodwater map of rural/suburban areas produced by applying a well-consolidated algorithm based on intensity data. In addition, a flood severity map that labels the different districts of Beletweyne, as not, partially, or totally flooded has been generated to consolidate the validation. The results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium hominis genotypes involved in increased incidence and clusters of cases, Navarra, Spain, 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 1033-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. FUENTES ◽  
C. MARTÍN ◽  
X. BERISTAIN ◽  
A. MAZÓN ◽  
J. M. SAUGAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Cryptosporidium Hominis ◽  
Molecular Subtyping ◽  
The Future

SUMMARYTwo clusters of confirmed cryptosporidiosis infections were detected in Navarra, Spain, in the summer of 2012, in the context of an increased incidence in the region. Molecular subtyping of Cryptosporidium hominis determined that one cluster, occurring in an urban area, was due to the predominant circulating subtype IbA10G2R2 and the other cluster, with cases occurring in a rural area, was due to a rare subtype IaA18R3. No single exposure was associated with infection, although exposure to certain children's pools was reported by a majority of patients interviewed in each cluster. Genotyping tools were useful in the investigation and could aid investigation of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in Spain in the future.

scholarly journals Naturalization and spread of the alien species Ozognathus cornutus (LeConte, 1859) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae: Ernobiinae) in Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Cerasa ◽  
Gabriella Lo Verde
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
Small Wood ◽  
Natural Barrier

AbstractOzognathus cornutus (LeConte, 1859) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae: Ernobiinae), species native to North America, is a saproxylophagous species and is known to feed on decaying tissues within conspicuous galls and on vegetal decaying organic material such as dried fruits or small wood shavings and insect excrements in galleries made by other woodboring species. A few years after the first record in 2011, its naturalization in Italy is here reported. The insect was found as successor in galls of Psectrosema tamaricis (Diptera Cecidomyiidae), Plagiotrochus gallaeramulorum, Andricus multiplicatus and Synophrus politus (Hymenoptera Cynipidae). The galls seem to have played an important ecological role in speeding up the naturalization process. The lowest proportion of galls used by O. cornutus was recorded for P. tamaricis (23%), the only host belonging to Cecidomyiidae, while the percentages recorded for the other host species, all Cynipidae forming galls on oaks, were higher: 43.6%, 61.1% and 76.9% in A multiplicatus, S. politus and P. gallaeramulorum, respectively. Although O. cornutus is able to exploit other substrates like dried fruits and vegetables, for which it could represent a potential pest, it prefers to live as a successor in woody and conspicuous galls, which thus can represent a sort of natural barrier limiting the possible damages to other substrates.

scholarly journals Salinity and freshwater discharge determine rotifer distribution at the Mossoró River Estuary (Semiarid Region of Brazil)

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMA. Medeiros ◽  
JEL. Barbosa ◽  
PR. Medeiros ◽  
RM. Rocha ◽  
LF. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Freshwater Discharge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Inverse Estuary ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

The present study aimed at evaluating differences in rotifer distribution in three estuarine zones in an inverse estuary located in the Semiarid Region of Brazil. Zones were chosen based on their proximity to the ocean and river border as a means of reflecting a horizontal salinity gradient. High freshwater discharge during the rainy season was the major determinant of rotifer composition. On the other hand, due to higher salinity values during the dry season, very low values of species richness and abundance were observed in all zones. Therefore, the study highlights the constraints of salinity and the positive influence of seasonality and river proximity on rotifer species in a semiarid estuarine environment.

scholarly journals The first record of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the State of Paraná, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demilson Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Adão Celestino Ferreira ◽  
Alceu Bisetto Junior
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
First Record ◽  
The State ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Light Traps

INTRODUCTION: We report the first find of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the State of Paraná, Brazil. METHODS: The specimens were captured in the urban area of the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu, with Falcão light traps, in domiciliary and peridomiciliary areas of 61 properties, on two consecutive nights from 18:00 to 06:00hs in March 2012. RESULTS: We captured 40 specimens of Lu. longipalpis and 54 specimens of other sandfly species. CONCLUSIONS: This find expands knowledge of the geographical distribution of this sandfly in Brazil.

scholarly journals The diaries of John Byrom, M. A., F. R. S., and their relation to the pre-history of the Royal Society Club

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-183 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of

The first record for Thursday, 27 October 1743,is an isolated entry written on a sheet of paper pasted on the inside cover of Minute Book No. 1; it lists the names of eight Members who each paid six shillings for the month to Mr Colebrook, the Treasurer, for four dinners to be ordered at i/6d.per head. The Treasurer had to order each Thursday ‘a dinner for six and pay nine shillings certain’ to the innkeeper of the Mitre Tavern in Fleet Street; ‘as many more as come to pay one-and-sixpence per head each’ but if more than six come, ‘the deficiency to be paid out of this Fund of -£2.8.0.’, the amount he had received that day. O f these eight men six were Fellows of the Royal Society and the other two became Fellows later.

scholarly journals Biology of the Wild SilkmothAnaphe panda(Boisduval) in the Kakamega Forest of Western Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mbahin ◽  
S. K. Raina ◽  
E. N. Kioko ◽  
J. M. Mueke
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Kakamega Forest ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Indigenous Forest

A study on the life cycle of the silkmothAnaphe panda(Boisduval) was conducted in two different habitats of the Kakamega Forest in western Kenya: Ikuywa, an indigenous forest, and Isecheno, a mixed indigenous forest. Eggs were laid in clusters, and the incubation period ranged from 40 to 45 days. Larvae fed onBridelia micrantha(Hochst) and passed through seven instars. The developmental period took between 83 to 86 days in the dry season and 112 to118 days in the rainy season. The pupal period ranged between 158 and 178 days in the rainy season and, on the other hand, between 107 and 138 days in the dry season. But the later caught up in development with those that formed earlier. Moths emerged from mid-October until mid-May. Longevity of adultAnaphe pandamoths took between 4 and 6 days, but generally females seemed to live longer than males. The moth also seems to have higher lifespan in the indigenous forest compared to the mixed indigenous forest.

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