scholarly journals Changes in Family Income around the Time of Birth of Children in Germany between 1985 and 2004

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fixed Effects Panel Regression ◽  
Socioeconomic Consequences ◽  
Panel Regression Models

While the course and the determinants of fertility behaviour have been investigated intensively, the monetary consequences of birth have hardly been considered empirically to date. Therefore, this paper focuses on the short-term (equivalent) household income changes around the time of births in a longitudinal perspective and examines them for their causes. For the analyses of the longitudinal data (GSOEP-Data 1984-2005), fixed effects panel regression models were computed. The results show that the short-term socioeconomic consequences of birth have clearly increased in the last two decades and first births in particular are associated with disproportionately severe socioeconomic consequences, while further births are rarely accompanied by negative changes in the households’ socioeconomic situations. Furthermore, household income losses attributable to births only arise in double income households and increase gradually in line with a rising level of household income before birth. Hence, the analyses suggest the need for more adequate state assistance with respect to family support. Beside the provision of adequate infrastructural conditions which allow mothers to be employed, also the payments to compensate for child-related costs (“Kindergeld”) should be – in contrast to the present practice in Germany – increased and re-adjusted with respect to the child’s position in the birth sequence.

scholarly journals Modeling the consequences of the transition to parenthood: Applications of panel regression methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 4005-4026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Perales
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Panel Regression Models

The transition to parenthood is a topic of substantial interest to family researchers across the social sciences, and many theoretical paradigms have been invoked to understand how it affects men’s and women’s lives. While early empirical scholarship on the transition to parenthood relied on cross-sectional data and methods, the increasing availability of panel data has opened up new analytical pathways—including the possibility to track the same individuals over time as they approach and experience parenthood and their children grow older. By making full use of longitudinal data, researchers can both improve estimation of the consequences of parenthood, as well as advance knowledge by testing more nuanced and complex theoretical premises involving time dynamics. In this article, I present an overview of panel regression models, a family of specifications that can be leveraged for these purposes. In doing so, I discuss the data requirements, advantages and disadvantages of different models, pointing to useful examples of published research. The approaches considered include random effects and fixed effects panel regression models, specifications to model linear and nonlinear time dynamics, and specifications to handle dyadic data structures. The use of these techniques is exemplified via an application considering the effect of motherhood on time pressure using long-running panel data from an Australian national sample, the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey ( n = 68,911 observations; 10,734 women).

scholarly journals DYNAMIC LINEAR PANEL REGRESSION MODELS WITH INTERACTIVE FIXED EFFECTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyungsik Roger Moon ◽  
Martin Weidner
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Lm Test ◽  
Interactive Fixed Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Dimension ◽  
Ls Estimator ◽  
Panel Regression Models

We analyze linear panel regression models with interactive fixed effects and predetermined regressors, for example lagged-dependent variables. The first-order asymptotic theory of the least squares (LS) estimator of the regression coefficients is worked out in the limit where both the cross-sectional dimension and the number of time periods become large. We find two sources of asymptotic bias of the LS estimator: bias due to correlation or heteroscedasticity of the idiosyncratic error term, and bias due to predetermined (as opposed to strictly exogenous) regressors. We provide a bias-corrected LS estimator. We also present bias-corrected versions of the three classical test statistics (Wald, LR, and LM test) and show their asymptotic distribution is a χ2-distribution. Monte Carlo simulations show the bias correction of the LS estimator and of the test statistics also work well for finite sample sizes.

The shadow of future homeownership: the association of wanting to move into homeownership with labour supply

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp M Lersch ◽  
Wilfred Uunk
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
House Price ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
British Household Panel Survey ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Fixed Effects Panel Regression ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Previous research has shown that labour supply – especially of partnered women with supplemental incomes – is positively associated with homeownership status. This literature is advanced by testing whether wanting to move into homeownership before the actual entry into homeownership affects individuals’ labour supply in couples. The empirical analysis is based on longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey (1991–2008). Fixed-effects panel regression models are used to predict the labour supply of women and men separately. Labour supply changes associated with homeownership are found to mainly occur when individuals want to move into homeownership and prior to the actual entry into homeownership. When wanting to move into homeownership, women and men increase their labour supply, where women are more likely to take up work and men to increase work hours. For women, the association between wanting to move into homeownership and labour supply is moderated by regional house price changes.

Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice Regulations and Nurse Practitioner Supply

2019 ◽  
pp. 107755871988842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Kandrack ◽  
Hilary Barnes ◽  
Grant R. Martsolf
Keyword(s):  
Health Professional ◽  
Access To Care ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Nurse Practitioner ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Scope Of Practice ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Panel Regression Models

Adopting full scope of practice (SOP) for nurse practitioners (NPs) is associated with improved access to care. One possible mechanism for these improvements is increased NP supply. Using county-level data, we fit cross-sectional and panel regression models to estimate the association between adopting full NP SOP and NP supply in general, and in rural and health professional shortage area—designated counties in particular. In cross-sectional analyses, we estimated positive associations between NP SOP and NP supply, though these relationships were only statistically significant when analyzing health professional shortage areas. In the panel regression models with county fixed effects, the estimated effects were attenuated toward zero and sometimes switched signs. Our findings suggest that improvements in access to care following adoption of full SOP may not be driven by increased NP supply but rather by increased capacity of NPs and physicians to provide care.

scholarly journals Determinants of Banks’ Capital Structure: Evidence from Vietnamese Commercial Banks

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Tong Trung Tin ◽  
John Francis T Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Market Condition ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Panel Regression Models

This paper investigates the important factors influencing capital structure decisions. The study focuses on the bank leverage of thirty-one Vietnamese commercial banks from 2009 to 2014, because they play a key role as financial catalysts in the growing economy of Vietnam. The analysis employs multiple linear panel regression models, namely, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effects (FE), and Random Effects (RE). This research examines five bank-specific factors (i.e., size, profitability, growth rate, taxation and business risk), and three financial market and economic variables (i.e., stock market condition, economy, and inflation) influencing capital structure with debt ratio as the dependent variable. Both the OLS and FE models agree that a Vietnamese bank’s size positively affects leverage, which means that the larger the bank, the more debt is incurred. Both models also determine that stock market and economic conditions have negative effects, which implies that in good market conditions, banks lessen their debt loads. In dividing Vietnamese commercial banks into three groups of sizes (i.e., large, medium-sized and small banks) based on chartered capital, both the OLS and RE models agree that size is a positively contributing factor to leverage. However, unlike large Vietnamese banks, medium-sized and small-sized banks tend to still carry a relatively high amount of debt because they are commonly ignored by the equity markets for reasons of illiquidity and instability, pushing them to rely on borrowing funds even to the point of having higher interest rates. Another interesting finding of this paper is that, only small-sized Vietnamese banks’ leverage is negatively affected by stock market and economic conditions. Findings of this paper are robust in using two panel regression models, and can help Vietnamese banks’ managers have a general perspective regarding capital structure determinants. This study also offers insights in creating appropriate strategies to controlling factors affecting banks’ leverage to achieve the target capital structure that minimizes the cost of capital and maximizes profitability.

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