EFFECTS OF CERTAIN DRUGS UPON CILIARY ACTIVITY OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

1944 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 176???185 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Lierle ◽  
Lorance B. Evers
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Criterion characteristics of professional risk of the formation of pathology of the upper respiratory tracts

2020 ◽  
pp. 787-788
Author(s):  
I. N. Fedina ◽  
O. N. Grishin ◽  
A. G. Uchurov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The influence of dust influence on the change of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract was determined. The criteria of occupational risk of pathology of the upper respiratory tract in workers of «dust-hazardous» industries are established.

scholarly journals Adequate mucociliary clearance as a factor in the prevention and control of purulent-inflammatory pathology of the ENT organs

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
A. V. Gurov ◽  
M. A. Yushkina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Acute And Chronic Inflammation ◽  
And Control

Purulent-inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs are an urgent problem of modern clinical medicine. The high prevalence of this pathology is due to the active effect of pathogenic microflora on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, the increasing role of opportunistic and atypical microorganisms in the genesis of infection of the upper respiratory tract, as well as disorders in the mucociliary clearance. Limitations in the mobility of cilia of ciliated cells, as well as their partial or complete absence, a change in the composition of mucous secretions and a slowdown in the speed of mucus movement are the mechanisms that determine the possibility of an acute inflammation focus on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, and also increase the risk of developing chronic inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs. The accumulated data on the peculiarities of the existence of microbial biocenoses in the human body, as well as the steady widespread growth of the problem of antibiotic resistance, dictate the need to search for new solutions in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory pathology of the ENT organs. A well-established principle of therapy for such conditions is the topical use of combined drugs that combine mucolytic and antibacterial components that actively affect the main links in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. These tasks are most effectively solved by the drug, which contains the mucolytic N-acetylcysteine, which potentiates the effect of another component – the antibiotic thiamphenicol. An important aspect in favor of choosing this drug as a monotherapy or combination therapy for purulent-inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract is a convenient form of release for aerosol administration.

scholarly journals Phage therapy in the treatment of patients with respiratory pathology: history, modern aspects, prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
G. N. Nikiforova ◽  
G. G. Asriyan ◽  
M. M. Gurkova ◽  
P. S. Artamonova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Effective Use

Bacteriophages - viruses infecting bacteria are the largest known group of viruses, which in their structure mainly have doublestranded genomic DNA, but among them there are also groups with double-stranded RNA and single-stranded DNA and RNA. The total population is about 1031–1032 phages, they play an essential role in the regulation of the world’s number of bacteria. The rather complex and diverse interaction of these representatives of the microcosm continues throughout the history of their existence on our planet. The question of the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of patients with various bacterial infections still remains completely unexplored. The very idea of using these microorganisms for therapeutic purposes dates back to the First World War, when the French biologist and researcher Felix d’Hérelle discovered a special type of «bacteria-eating» viruses, on the basis of which he created drugs for the treatment of patients with dysentery. To date, a fairly large clinical experience has been accumulated in the use of phage preparations in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital tract, as well as in the therapy and prevention of purulent-septic processes and nosocomial infections. The mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract is the first line of defense against various respiratory pathogens. The ability of bacteriophages to attach to the surface layer of mucus - mucin, forming an antibacterial protection of the mucous membrane and thus reducing the level of colonization of mucus by bacterial pathogens, determines their effective use in the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Due to certain unique properties of bacteriophages, peculiarities of vital activity and interaction with a bacterial cell, their use seems to be promising for the treatment of patients with infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Electron microscopic changes in the nasal membrane of patients with COVID-19 depending on the clinical form and the period of the disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
E. V. Kryukov ◽  
K. V. Zhdanov ◽  
K. V. Kozlov ◽  
V. Yu. Kravtsov ◽  
O. V. Mal’tsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Given that COVID-19 is a global public health problem and that almost all countries in the world have been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, research is being actively pursued to better understand the effects of the virus on human cells. However, it is not clear what changes are observed in the cells of the main gate of infection – the mucosa of the mouth and the nose at different clinical forms and at different periods of disease. Understanding the ultra-structural cell changes of SARS-CoV-2 targets may help clarify the pathogenic aspects of infection in the lower respiratory tract. In this study, the elements of the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the cells of the respiratory epithelium of the nose in patients with COVID-19 were evaluated using electron microscopy for the purpose of detecting the peculiarities of viral activity depending on the form and period of disease. Bioptats of the nasal mucous membrane were taken from COVID-19 patients and subsequently examined by electron microscopy. The severity of structural changes in tissue samples, presence of SARSCoV-2 virus in cells were determined, then bioptats were grouped according to the clinical form of the infection process (inapparent, acute upper respiratory tract infections, viral lung disease) and period of disease. It has been established that the most characteristic changes in the mucous membrane of the nose were observed in the first week of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 and occurring in the form of acute respiratory disease, while viral lung infections have had the highest virus density in vesicles within cells, the formation of smooth virus-free vesicles is most common in inapparent forms. The data obtained may indicate that the formation of classical virus-induced changes in the respiratory epithelium of the nose mucous (vesicles with viral particles and signs of their release from the cell) is characteristic of localized forms of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (respiratory infection of the upper respiratory tract) and in cases of generalized infection (viral infection of the lungs and probably other organs and systems) accumulation of the infectious agent in high concentrations in vesicles. 

Protective role of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract in terms of local immunity

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
O. Vasil'yeva
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Prof. IP Voloshin (West. Rhinolaryngo-otiatry. 1925, No. 1), taking into account the well-known works of Bezredk on local immunity, finds that the protective role of the nasal mucosa and upper respiratory tract is reduced to the development of natural local immunity of these organs than the general immunity of the whole organism is acquired from all microorganisms inhabiting the mucous membrane of these pathways.

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