Spatial Modeling to Identify Sociodemographic Predictors of Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater Injection Wells in Ohio Census Block Groups

Many cities have policies encouraging homeowners to plant trees. For these policies to be effective, it is important to understand what motivates a homeowner’s tree-planting decision. Researchers address this question by identifying variables that influence participation in a tree-planting program in Portland, Oregon, U.S. According to the study, homeowners with street trees, and those living in older homes, are more likely to participate in the local program. Homeowners who had owned their homes for longer, and those who live in census-block groups with lower high-school graduation rates, are less likely to participate in the program. Results suggest that tree-planting programs may inadvertently exacerbate environmental inequality.

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The Influence of Thermoelastic Effect on Cracks of Automatic Hydraulic Fracturing in Injection Wells

Georesursy ◽

10.18599/grs.18.1.8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 46-50

Author(s):

O.V. Salimov ◽

◽

I.I. Girfanov ◽

A.V. Kochetkov ◽

R.Z. Ziyatdinov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Fracturing ◽

Injection Wells ◽

Thermoelastic Effect

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The Neighborhood Deprivation Index and Provider Geocoding Identify Critical Catchment Areas for Diabetes Outreach

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa462 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (9) ◽

pp. 3069-3075

Author(s):

Ashby F Walker ◽

Hui Hu ◽

Nicolas Cuttriss ◽

Claudia Anez-Zabala ◽

Katarina Yabut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Application Programming Interface ◽

Primary Care Providers ◽

Deprivation Index ◽

Care Providers ◽

Census Block ◽

Neighborhood Deprivation ◽

Census Tracts ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Catchment Areas ◽

Block Groups

Abstract Purpose In designing a Project ECHO™ type 1 diabetes (T1D) program in Florida and California, the Neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI) was used in conjunction with geocoding of primary care providers (PCPs) and endocrinologists in each state to concurrently identify areas with low endocrinology provider density and high health risk/poverty areas. The NDI measures many aspects of poverty proven to be critical indicators of health outcomes. Methods The data from the 2013-2017 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates were used to create NDI maps for California and Florida. In addition, geocoding and 30-minute drive-time buffers were performed using publicly available provider directories for PCPs and endocrinologists in both states by Google Geocoding API and the TravelTime Search Application Programming Interface (API). Results Based on these findings, we defined high-need catchment areas as areas with (1) more than a 30-minute drive to the nearest endocrinologist but within a 30-minute drive to the nearest PCP; (2) an NDI in the highest quartile; and (3) a population above the median (5199 for census tracts, and 1394 for census block groups). Out of the 12 181 census tracts and 34 490 census block groups in California and Florida, we identified 57 tracts and 215 block groups meeting these criteria as high-need catchment areas. Conclusion Geospatial analysis provides an important initial methodologic step to effectively focus outreach efforts in diabetes program development. The integration of the NDI with geocoded provider directories enables more cost-effective and targeted interventions to reach the most vulnerable populations living with T1D.

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Abstract 17079: Lower Socioeconomic Status Portends Higher Long Term Mortality Following Isolated Mitral Valve Surgery

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.17079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Mark R Helmers ◽

William Patrick ◽

Cody Fowler ◽

Amit Iyengar ◽

Jason J Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Mitral Valve ◽

Census Block ◽

Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽

Term Survival ◽

Lower Socioeconomic ◽

Address Data ◽

Block Groups ◽

Long Term Mortality

Introduction: Lower socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with worse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery; however, this has not been fully elucidated in mitral valve (MV) surgery. We sought to determine the effect of SES on short-term outcomes and long-term mortality following MV surgery. Hypothesis: Lower SES is associated with higher mortality following isolated MV surgery. Methods: Retrospective analysis of our institution’s MV database was performed between November 1998 and March 2019 for all adult patients undergoing isolated MV surgery in our state and 4 neighboring states. Patients for whom address data was missing were excluded. SES was determined by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). The ADI uses 17 social determinants of heath to estimate the average SES for all US Census Block Groups (mean 1500 people). This score is then nationally indexed from 1 to 100, with lower SES represented by higher scores. Patients were stratified by ADI quartiles. Baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes were compared between quartiles. Results: Overall, 3,860 surgeries met inclusion criteria during the study period. Of these, 1,795 (46.5%) patients fell into the lowest ADI quartile, 1,216 (31.5%) in the second quartile, 476 (12.3%) in the third quartile, and 344 (8.9%) in the highest quartile. 30-day mortality was not significantly different between ADI quartiles and ADI was not a significant determinate of 30-day survival in a multivariable logistical regression. Figure 1 show the distribution of patient addresses within Census Block Groups as well as 10-year survival by Kaplan-Meier estimates, stratified by ADI quartiles. Cox proportional hazards model revealed that lower SES as determined by ADI was associated with increased 10-year mortality (P = 0.008). Conclusions: Lower SES is associated with worse long-term survival in patients undergoing isolated MV surgery. Social interventions to bridge this survival gap are warranted.

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A Socioeconomic Edge Effect: Rational Crime in Small Areas of Sharp Socioeconomic Contrast

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency ◽

10.1177/0022427820945009 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 002242782094500

Author(s):

Robert Drew Heinzeroth

Keyword(s):

Negative Binomial ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Economic Incentive ◽

Future Research ◽

Census Block ◽

Pattern Theory ◽

Crime Pattern Theory ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Block Groups ◽

Crime Pattern

Objectives: To determine whether criminogenic “edges,” as defined by crime pattern theory, exist at points of sharp contrast of socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: The study uses a quasi-experimental design with pattern matching logic. A series of negative binomial regression models separately examine five different crimes with an economic incentive as dependent variables, and five crimes without an economic incentive as nonequivalent dependent variables, to determine whether census block groups of predominantly and comparatively higher SES than the wider surrounding area experience greater reported rational crime than would otherwise be expected. Results: The census block groups of comparatively higher SES located within and/or near areas of predominantly lower SES experienced one of the five crimes with an economic incentive, robberies by firearm, 40 percent more frequently than would otherwise be expected. Conclusions: The study’s findings are partially consistent with its hypothesis, which is grounded in crime pattern, rational choice, routine activities, and social disorganization theories. The findings encourage future research that may extend the definition of an “edge” under crime pattern theory as well as research at the intersection of criminological theories.

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Computational Analysis of Stress Interference Effect for Hydraulic Fracturing in Waste Injection Wells

10.2118/146629-ms ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Yao Yao ◽

Jerome Lewandowski ◽

Timothy Kirk Ellison ◽

Kevin Howard Searles

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Fracturing ◽

Interference Effect ◽

Computational Analysis ◽

Injection Wells

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Hydraulic Fracturing of Polymer Injection Wells

10.2118/88592-ms ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan Wang ◽

Demin Wang ◽

Zhi Sun ◽

Changlan Shi ◽

Gang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Fracturing ◽

Injection Wells ◽

Polymer Injection

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Vertical Fracture Monitoring by Multi-Rate Through-Barrier Diagnostics

10.2118/207067-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Doszhan Yeleussinov ◽

Arman Assangaliyev ◽

Assel Ospanova ◽

Vener Nagimov ◽

Elena Kirpichikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Fracturing ◽

Hydraulic Fracture ◽

Complex Geometry ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Low Permeability ◽

Injection Wells ◽

Overlying Water ◽

Fluid Movement ◽

Vertical Fracture ◽

Fracture Height

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing has been demonstrated to be a cost-effective method of developing low-permeability heterogeneous clastic reservoirs with vertical wells. In the presence of a thin shale layer as a seal, monitoring effective fracture height becomes extremely important. The conventional approach of a single-regime production logging may be ineffective due to the complex geometry of fluid flow in the near-wellbore zone around the well. The paper describes the experience of the multi-rate through barrier diagnostics as a method of improving hydraulic fracturing evaluation. The standard way to diagnose the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing is to log a survey under current operating conditions. In general, temperature and passive spectral acoustic measurements provide useful information on identifying the boundaries of fluid movement behind production casing; however, it is difficult to determine if flow occurs in the vertical hydraulic fracture or channeling through damaged cement in a single-regime survey. The multi-rate through-barrier diagnostics allow analyzing the flow dynamics of the wellbore-fracture-formation system under different flowing regimes, enabling a more accurate assessment of fluid movement in the near-wellbore environment within several meters. The paper includes the results of the multi-rate logging survey campaign in vertical water injection wells drilled in a low-permeability clastic reservoir. A proppant-based hydraulic fracturing of the target formation was carried out in the wells. The geological structure of the developed reservoir includes a thin shale layer (break) that separates the target oil-saturated interval from the overlying water bearing reservoir. In order for the operator to optimize future stimulation programs identification of effective hydraulic fracture height in reservoir regions with different shale thicknesses is crucial. The upper boundaries of the injected fluid movement behind the casing were determined based on the survey results. Analysis of the acoustic and temperature field dynamics helped more reliably evaluate the nature of the fluid movement behind the casing, whether flow happens in vertical fracture or cement channeling. This results in a more precise quantitative assessment of the injection profile in the targeted and untargeted reservoir units.

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Neighbourhood income inequality and property crime

Urban Studies ◽

10.1177/0042098016643914 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 133-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Neil Metz ◽

Mariya Burdina

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Property Crime ◽

Block Group ◽

Census Block ◽

Census Block Group ◽

Income Gap ◽

Group Data ◽

Block Groups ◽

The Relationship ◽

Us Cities

This paper examines the relationship between income inequality and property crime using Census block group data from three US cities: Nashville, TN, Portland, OR and Tucson, AZ. This paper is one of very few to examine this relationship at such a fine geographic level, which is typically less than one square mile in size. We find that income inequality across block groups plays a key role in determining the level of property crime. As the income gap with one’s poorest neighbouring block group widens, the level of property crime in the richer block group increases. Also, the poorest block group in an area tends to experience less property crime, holding all else constant.

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