scholarly journals Association between county-level coal-fired power plant pollution and racial disparities in preterm births from 2000 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Misbath Daouda ◽  
Lucas Henneman ◽  
Marianthi Anna Kioumourtzoglou ◽  
Alison Gemmill ◽  
Corwin Zigler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
County Level ◽  
Plant Pollution

scholarly journals Association between county-level coal-fired power plant pollution and racial disparities in preterm births from 2000 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 034055
Author(s):  
Misbath Daouda ◽  
Lucas Henneman ◽  
Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou ◽  
Alison Gemmill ◽  
Corwin Zigler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
County Level ◽  
Plant Pollution

scholarly journals Racial demographics explain the link between racial disparities in traffic stops and county-level racial attitudes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierce D. Ekstrom ◽  
Joel Michel Le Forestier ◽  
Calvin K. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
County Level ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Traffic Stops ◽  
Arrest Rates ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Racial Demographics

Disparities in the treatment of Black and White Americans in police stops are pernicious and widespread. We examine racial disparities in police traffic stops by leveraging data on traffic stops from hundreds of U.S. counties from the Stanford Open Policing Project and corresponding county-level data on implicit and explicit racial attitudes from the Project Implicit research website. We find that Black-White traffic stop disparities are associated with county-level implicit and explicit racial attitudes and that this association is attributable to racial demographics: counties with a higher proportion of White residents had larger racial disparities in police traffic stops. We also examined racial disparities in several post-stop outcomes (e.g., arrest rates) and found that they were not systematically related to racial attitudes, despite evidence of disparities. These findings indicate that racial disparities in counties’ traffic stops are reliably linked to counties’ racial attitudes and demographic compositions.

Vanadium and nickel in dustfall as indicators of power plant pollution

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ganor ◽  
S. Altshuller ◽  
H.A. Foner ◽  
S. Brenner ◽  
J. Gabbay
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Plant Pollution

Race, Ethnicity, and Trial Avoidance: A Multilevel Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-451
Author(s):  
Jacqueline G. Lee ◽  
Rebecca L. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
County Level ◽  
Racial Threat ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Black Defendants ◽  
White Defendants ◽  
Threat Theory

Minority criminal defendants are more likely than White defendants to exercise their right to trial, which is concerning given that research also consistently finds trial sentences to be harsher than those obtained via pleas. However, guilty pleas are not the only disposition available for avoiding a trial; pretrial diversions and case dismissals also serve as mechanisms for trial avoidance. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we find that Black criminal defendants are more likely than Whites to go to trial rather than receive other case disposition. Relationships for Hispanic defendants are less consistent. Fewer county-level effects emerge than expected, providing little to no support for racial threat theory. Results suggest that Black defendants are less often able or willing to avoid a trial, a finding which highlights and perhaps helps to explain racial disparities in final sentencing outcomes.

Racial Disparities Among Preterm Births Rates in Preeclampsia [25B]

2018 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 26S
Author(s):  
Rosa Speranza ◽  
Marissa Luck ◽  
Leah Savitsky ◽  
Karen Scrivner Greiner ◽  
Aaron B. Caughey
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Preterm Births

County Socioeconomic Deprivation and Preterm Birth Risk Between White and Black Mothers in Georgia, USA

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-200
Author(s):  
Wei Tu
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
County Level ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Random Intercept

Past studies have reported the association between living in a socioeconomically deprived neighborhood and elevated preterm births (PtB) risk after adjusting certain individual level confounders. This article examined the association between county-level deprivation and PtB risk of three stratified racial groups, white, black, and the others. The author built two level random intercept logistic regression models using 112,589 single live births retrieved from vital statistics record in Georgia, USA in 2010. Although county level deprivation was found to be insignificant for PtB risk for the entire study population, it had a significant yet modest effect on magnifying the PtB risk of black women (The odds ratio (OR) = 1.063,95% CI = 1.02, 1.12). In addition, the Median Odds Ratio (MOR) (1.229) indicated a weak neighborhood effect on PtB risk and the Interval Odds Ratio (IOR)-80% (0.68-1.49) suggested large unaccounted county-level heterogeneity. Future research will include more confounders at both levels in analysis as well as addressing the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP).

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