Soybean Productivity in Rice Crop Rotation Depending on the Impact of Biodestructor on Post-Harvest Rice Residues

The purpose of the research is to identify the impact of sprinkler irrigation in rice crop rotation on rice productivity and soil fertility of irrigated lands of the Krasnodar region. To achieve this goal, the tasks of studying the density of weed seedlings after sprinkler irrigation, the content of water-soluble salts and humus in the soil of rice fields, and the reaction of an intensive variety of rice cultivated after irrigation and drainage techniques in rice fields were completed. Material and methods. Field studies were carried out on the Kuban irrigation system of the Krasnodar territory, which is the most typical in terms of soil conditions for the western climatic zone of the region, with various variants for sprinkler irrigation after major planning of basins. An intensive of Rapan rice variety was used. The methods of the Federal Research Center for Rice, the Kuban State Agrarian University, and Russian standards were applied. Conclusions, the obtained results of the conducted studies prove the effectiveness of sprinkler irrigation in rice crop rotation, increase soil fertility, rice productivity, and contribute to the production of environmentally friendly products without herbicides treatment.

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Агроекологічні основи контролювання забур’яненості та поширення вовчка в посівах соняшнику Степу України

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2018_240 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 487-497

Author(s):

А.І. Тsyliuryk ◽

S.M. Shevchenko ◽

Ya.V. Ostapchuk ◽

A.M. Shevchenko ◽

E.A. Derevenets-Shevchenko

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Time Interval ◽

Oilseed Crop ◽

Sunflower Seeds ◽

Harvest Residues ◽

Post Harvest ◽

No Till ◽

The Impact ◽

Direct Sowing

Due to the violation of the technology of sunflower growing in Ukraine and the disbalance of scientifically grounded crop rotation, or their complete absence, with the expansion of sunflower seeds in the structure of crops to 40% and more, and the simplification of the system of basic cultivation of arable land, accompanied by a sharp increase in perturbation of crops by autotrophic and parasitic weeds. To determine the impact of agrotechnical measures, saturation of sunflower seeds, soil tillage systems, and fertilization on the number and species composition of various agrobiological groups of weeds in sunflower crops, including Orobahche cumana Walls. To reduce the herbicide (chemical) loading in agrophytocoenoses of oilseed crops, and ecologization of protection from weeds it was supposed to reveal optimal and environmentally friendly parameters of modern elements of sunflower cultivation technology. The scheme of the experiment included two grains–steam–breeding and grain–seed crop rotations with saturation in the structure of sunflower seeding 12.5%, 20% and 33.3%; three cardinally different systems of basic cultivation of the ground (filed plowing, differentiated and systems of mulching and no-till); two fertilizer systems (no fertilizers + post–harvest residues, N30–60P30–45K30–45 + post–harvest residues). All other elements of agrotechnics were standard and generally accepted for the steppe zone. The accounting of obstinacy was carried out by quantitative–weight and species–specific methods. A tendency has been observed to increase the number of weeds before the first inter–row treatment for mulching and no-till and direct sowing (10.4–15.1 pcs/m2) in 1.3–1.5 times compared with the filed plowing (7, 1–12.4 pc. /m2). At the time of harvesting in comparison with the spring definition, the infestation of oilseed crop under fertilized background decreased by 1.6–4.2 times; and their quantitative values were 2.6–5.2 pcs/m2 (field plowing), 4.1–8.1 (differentiated tillage), 5.5–12.4 pcs/m2 (no-till), indicating the preservation of regularities inherent in the spring period. It was established that the air–dry weight of weeds (within the limits of individual terms of the definition) varied in versions directly proportional to the change in quantitative values, and on average slightly higher for mulching and no-till (3.8–15.7 g/m2) than filed plowing (1.8–12.3 g/m2). It was proved that the degree of manifestation of the active biological phase of the vaginal parasitism naturally increased with the reduction of the time interval of sunflower return in crop rotation, especially in 3–way crop rotation (33.3% sunflower) – 6.9–12.7%, that is, each sunflower field in the crop rotation – an additional resource for the accumulation of Broomrape in the soil. The increase in the degree of sunflower damage with sunflower wool (up to 11.0–12.7 pcs/100 plants) was observed on the background of deep plowing and decreased with a decrease in the depth of main cultivation in shallow and direct sowing by 6.9–7.8%, or 1.6 times as a result of the localization of the Broomrape in the ground beside the sunflower roots, which provokes its germination with its root secretions, while the seeds of Broomrape for mulching and no-till are located on the top of the soil, soil surface or plant residues, that make impossible its germination in a more dense soil in the absence of the root system of host plant (sunflower). Maximum seed yield (2.35–2.82 t/ha) was obtained in 8–crop rotation at the concentration of sunflower in the seed structure of 12.5%. Extension of the sown area to 25% and 33.3% contributed to a decrease in yields of 2.14–2.67 and 2.10–2.56 t/ha, or 8.9–5.3% and 10.0– 9.2% due to the increase in the degree and intensity of damage to plants by Broomrape. Thus, the expansion in the structure of sunflower crops to 33.3% and the minimization of the main cultivation of the soil leads to an increase in perishability by autotrophic weeds in 1.3–1.5 times, and the degree and intensity of damage by Broomrape, on the contrary, decreases on the finely treated agrofons regarding the localization of seeds in the upper layer of soil or on plant residues, which makes it impossible to germinate.

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The effect of long-term fertilization on forage crop productivity and quality in the North

Кормопроизводство ◽

10.25685/krm.2020.49.47.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Н.Т. Чеботарёв ◽

Н.Н. Шергина

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Starch Content ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Komi Republic ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Forage Crop ◽

The Impact

В условиях Республики Коми в полевом стационарном опыте на дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой почве изучена эффективность различных доз органических и минеральных удобрений, а также совместного их применения. Исследования проводили в 1978–2019 годах на опытных полях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН. Целью проводимых исследований было изучение влияния комплексного применения удобрений на продуктивность и качество кормовых культур в шестипольном севообороте. Кормовой севооборот имел следующее чередование культур: картофель, викоовсяная смесь с подсевом многолетних трав, многолетние травы 1 г.п., многолетние травы 2 г.п., викоовсяная смесь, картофель. В результате научных исследований (более 40 лет) установлено, что наиболее эффективной была органоминеральная система удобрений, особенно при внесении 80 т/га торфонавозного компоста (ТНК) и минеральных удобрений. Многолетние исследования показали, что наиболее значительные урожаи кормовых культур (в среднем за три ротации) получены при использовании 80 т/га ТНК и NPK: однолетних трав — 4,4 т/га; многолетних трав — 6,2 и картофеля — 7,1 т/га сухого вещества высокого качества. Содержание сухого вещества в клубнях картофеля в вариантах с NPK составило 18,0–18,8%, на органическом фоне — 18,4–18,9 и при комплексном применении удобрений — 17,1–17,7; в контроле — 19,6%. Количество крахмала в картофеле незначительно различалось по вариантам опыта и равнялось 12,6–13,1%. Содержание нитратов не превышало ПДК (250 мг/кг сырой массы). Количество сухого вещества в однолетних и многолетних травах изменялось незначительно и составляло 19,0–19,8 и 25,0–26,8% соответственно. Установлено, что удобрения способствовали повышению содержания сырого протеина в однолетних и многолетних травах до 13,1–15,0% (в контроле — 11,2%) и 8,8–10,6 % (в контроле — 8,1%) соответственно. The impact of various rates of organic and mineral fertilizers was analyzed in the Komi Republic on sod-podzolic soil with low loam content. The research took place at the Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology in 1978–2019. The goal was to test forage crop productivity and quality under fertilization and six-field crop rotation. Crop rotation happened as follows: potatoes, vetch-oat mixture overseeded by perennial grasses, first-year perennial grasses, second-year perennial grasses, vetch-oat mixture, potatoes. For 40 years the combination of mineral and organic fertilizers was the most effective. The highest yields for three rotations were observed under the application of 80 t ha-1 of peat-manure compost and NPK: annual grasses produced 4.4 t ha-1; perennial grasses — 6.2, and potatoes — 7.1 t ha-1 of high-quality dry matter (DM). Potato tubers accumulated 18.0–18.8% of DM under NPK application, 18.4–18.9 — under organic nutrition, 17.1–17.7 — when using complex fertilization, and 19.6% — in the control. Starch content varied within 12.6–13.1% in potatoes. Nitrate content did not exceed the maximum acceptable concentration (250 mg/kg of raw mass). DM concentrations amounted to 19.0–19.8 and 25.0–26.8% in annual and perennial grasses, respectively. Fertilization increased crude protein amount in annual and perennial grasses up to 13.1–15.0% (versus 11.2% in the control) and 8.8–10.6 % (versus 8.1%), respectively.

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Drainage and leaching losses of nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon after introducing maize into a continuous paddy-rice crop rotation

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2017.08.021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 249 ◽

pp. 91-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Yao He ◽

Eva Lehndorff ◽

Wulf Amelung ◽

Reiner Wassmann ◽

Ma. Carmelita Alberto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Paddy Rice ◽

Rice Crop ◽

Leaching Losses

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Impact of extreme drought and incentive programs on flooded agriculture and wetlands in California’s Central Valley

10.7287/peerj.preprints.26483 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew E Reiter ◽

Nathan Elliott ◽

Dennis Jongsomjit ◽

Gregory H Golet ◽

Mark D Reynolds

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Large Fraction ◽

Central Valley ◽

Open Water ◽

Extreme Drought ◽

Freshwater Wetland ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Incentive Programs ◽

Managed Wetlands ◽

The Impact

Between 2013 and 2015 a large part of the western United States, including the Central Valley of California, sustained an extreme drought. The Central Valley is recognized as a region of hemispheric importance for waterbirds which use flooded agriculture and wetlands as habitat. Thus, the impact of drought on the distribution of surface water needed to be assessed to understand the effects on waterbird habitat availability. We used satellites to quantify the impact the recent extreme drought on the timing and extent of available waterbird habitat during the non-breeding season (July – May) by examining flooding in agriculture (rice, corn, and other crops) and managed wetlands across the Central Valley. We assessed the influence of habitat incentive programs, particularly The Nature Conservancy’s BirdReturns and the Natural Resources Conservation Service’s Waterbird Habitat Enhancement Program (WHEP), at offsetting waterbird habitat loss related to drought. Overall, we found significant declines in open water in post-harvest agriculture (20 – 80% declines) and in managed wetlands (47 – 59% declines) during the 2013 – 2015 drought compared to non-drought years 2000 – 2011. Crops associated with the San Joaquin Valley, specifically corn, as well as wetlands in that part of the Central Valley exhibited larger reductions in open water than rice and wetlands in the Sacramento Valley. However, seasonal wetlands on protected lands had a marginally significant (P<0.10) higher amount of open water in the drought years than those on non-protected lands. A large fraction of the daily open water in rice during certain times of the year, particularly in the fall for BirdReturns (64%) and the winter for WHEP (100%), may have been provided through incentive programs underscoring the contribution of these programs. However, further assessment is needed to know how much the incentive programs directly offset the impact of drought in post-harvest rice or simply supplemented funding for activities that might have been done regardless. Our, first of its kind, landscape analysis documents the significant impacts of the drought on freshwater wetland habitats in the Central Valley and highlights the value of using satellite data to track surface water and waterbird habitats. More research is needed to understand subsequent impacts on the freshwater dependent species that rely on these systems and how incentive programs can most strategically support vulnerable species during future drought.

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The Impact of Multifunctional Crop Rotation on the Yield of Milk Thistle Fruits in the Years 2012 � 2015

Journal of Central European Agriculture ◽

10.5513/jcea01/17.4.1816 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 1096-1103

Author(s):

Miroslav HAB�N ◽

Dana LU�C�KOV� ◽

MILAN MAC�K ◽

Katar�na RA�N�

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Milk Thistle ◽

The Impact

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Analyzing the post-harvest supply chain enablers of vertical integration for rural employability and marketability

Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing ◽

10.1108/jbim-04-2020-0182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Rahul Priyadarshi ◽

Srikanta Routroy ◽

Girish Kant

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Supply Chain ◽

Vertical Integration ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Value Addition ◽

Content Type ◽

Post Harvest ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the post-harvest supply chain enablers (PHSCEs) for vertical integration to enhance rural employability, farmer profitability and rural produce marketability (i.e. market prospects) in the post-harvest supply chain (PHSC). The impact of vertical integration is also explored for various commercial produces. Design/methodology/approach A structural equation modeling (SEM) of PHSCEs for vertical integration was developed to enhance market prospects, rural employability and farmer profitability. The impact of business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-customer market prospects are explored in various dimensions for stakeholders such as farmers, manufacturers (processors), distributors and retailers. The fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (F-TOPSIS) was used to prioritize these PHSCEs to improve market prospects and rural employability. Findings The PHSCEs are clustered into three groups, namely, initiatives at the strategic frontier, initiatives at the tactical frontier and concerns for rural employability via vertical integration using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and SEM to prove the null hypothesis. With F-TOPSIS results, the availability of warehousing was found to be the most crucial enabler when observing the PHSCEs from the initiatives’ perspective. The technology adaptability and availability, institute for training and research and information infrastructure and information visibility were found to be the key PHSCEs when observed from PHSC stakeholders’ perspectives. Research limitations/implications The implementation of this study will improve the rural produce marketability, rural employability, B2B marketing (i.e. effective distribution) and subsequent value chains with the practice of vertical integration for fresh produce at the rural level. Practical implications The outcomes of this study have a key role in developing the rural regions and improving rural livelihoods via value addition. The awareness of commercial cultivation and value addition in rural areas needs to be improved. This will help farmers to earn better revenues with improved market prospects in comparison to the revenues obtained from the cultivation of staple/conventional crops. Originality/value In an era of cold chains and food processing, this study aims to disseminate awareness about value addition for commercial and fresh produces at the rural level. The implication of this study will improve rural produce marketability, rural employability and farmer profitability at the rural level with the level of vertical integration.

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Microbiological safety of vegetable produce: the impact of pre- and post-harvest practices

Achieving sustainable cultivation of vegetables - Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science ◽

10.19103/as.2019.0045.16 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 361-394

Author(s):

Max Teplitski ◽

Keyword(s):

Microbiological Safety ◽

Post Harvest ◽

The Impact

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Issues of Climate Change, Impact, and Adaptation Strategies in Nigeria

Climate Change and Environmental Concerns ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5487-5.ch030 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 591-603

Author(s):

Nwakor Flora Ngozi ◽

Amadi C. Okey ◽

Okwusi Moses Chukwunwike ◽

Adiele Ezekiel Chinyere

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Adaptation Strategy ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Crop Varieties ◽

The Impact

Climate change is a global problem affecting agricultural production, a good adaptation strategy for this phenomena should be sought for increase agricultural production. The study was conducted in Nigeria to assess the Impact of Climate Change on root and tuber crops production among farmers in Nigeria. Secondary data were used for the study, they were collected from NRCRI Umudike and other individual publications. The result shows that climate change had negative impact on root and tubers crops production including potato. Adaptation of Agriculture to climate change in the areas of crop and animal production, post harvest activities and capacity building, divers friction of livelihood sources through the use of different farming methods and improved agricultural practices will help to reduce the impact of climate change. Examples are establishment of forestry, generation of improved and disease resistance crop varieties addition of value into agricultural products and post harvest activities for climate change adaptation and sustainable development.

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Keanekaragaman Makroarthropoda Tanah di Lahan Persawahan Padi Organik dan Anorganik, Desa Bakalrejo Kecamatan Susukan Kabupaten Semarang

Bioma Berkala Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.14710/bioma.17.1.21-26 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Roma Witriyanto ◽

Mochamad Hadi ◽

Rully Rahadian

Keyword(s):

Organic Farming ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Research Area ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Rice Growth ◽

Synthetic Chemicals ◽

Residual Hazard ◽

Set Up ◽

The Impact

Inorganic paddies system has a negative impact as pests become resistant, environmental pollution and residual hazard. People who are aware of the impact of the application of synthetic chemicals have been applying organic farming. This research aimed to compare the abundance, diversity and dominance of soil macroarthropods in the organic and inorganic paddies field in Village Bakalrejo, Susukan District of Kabupaten Semarang. Sampling of soil macroarthropods method used pit fall traps . Fifteen pit fall traps were set up in the research area and they were divided into three line whith respective line are 5 pit fall traps. Soil macroarthropods which has been found were identified up to family taxon. The results of the research shows abundance of soil macroarthropods organic rice in paddy fields higher (297) than in inorganic paddy fields (236). Diversity of soil macroarthropods in every phase of rice growth (vegetative, reproductive, ripening and post-harvest) was higher in organic paddy fields (1,479; 1,644; 1,561; 1,019) than inorganic paddy fields (1.391; 0.595; 1.286; 1.002). Based on the relative abundance index, soil macroarthropods family dominated organic paddy fields in every phase of rice growth (vegetative, reproductive, ripening, and post-harvest) was lower (Gryllidae: 39.4%; Carabidae: 46.7%; Formicidae: 44.1 %; Formicidae: 48.8%) than in the inorganic paddy fields (Carabidae: 35.5%; Carabidae: 57.4%; Formicidae: 56.3%; Formicidae: 77.6%). Key words : biodiversity, soil macroarthropods, organic farming.

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