scholarly journals Diversity and activity patterns of medium- and large-sized terrestrial mammals at the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, México

Therya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248
Author(s):  
Jesús Alejandro Ríos-Solís ◽  
José Juan Flores-Martínez ◽  
Víctor Sánchez-Cordero ◽  
Mario C. Lavariega
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Los Tuxtlas ◽  
Trapping Rate ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Landscape Degradation

Studies on diversity of animal communities allow determination of their species richness and composition.  This information is particularly relevant to establish sound conservation programs in biosphere reserves, where human activities should be focused on the sustainable use of natural resources and ensure biodiversity protection.  This study estimated the diversity and species richness and determined the species composition and activity patterns of medium- and large-sized terrestrial mammals in the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve (LTBR) located in Veracruz, Mexico.  We set 18 camera traps to record medium and large-sized terrestrial mammals from August 2016 to January 2017.  We calculated the trapping rate, guilds, and activity patterns of species.  Diversity was estimated with Hill numbers.  We compared our estimates with other studies in tropical forest in Mexico.  We obtained 308 independent captures of 13 species; Cuniculus paca and Dasyprocta mexicana were the species with the highest trapping rate.  Order-0, order-1, and order-2 diversity values were 13.99, 6.50, and 4.75 effective species, respectively, which ranks LTBR the fourth-most diverse reserve of medium- and large-sized terrestrial mammals compared to six other tropical rainforest sites in southern Mexico.  We recorded mammals representing five trophic guilds, of which frugivore-folivores (five species) and omnivores (three species) ranked highest.  All recorded species were primarily nocturnal (six species) or diurnal (six species).  Tamandua mexicana, Leopardus pardalis, L. wiedii, and Eira barbara are listed as endangered in the Mexican Official Standard Norm NOM-059-2019, and L. wiedii is listed as near threatened in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.  We were able to record 40.6 % of the terrestrial mammal species known to inhabit the LTBR.  The absence of large-sized species such as large predators and herbivores was notable.  Comparison of medium and large-sized mammal diversity of camera trapping studies in Mexico show that landscape degradation is impoverishing terrestrial mammal communities.

Monitoring of small rock pools reveals differential effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance on birds and mammals in the Calakmul region, southern Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Delgado-Martínez ◽  
Fredy Alvarado ◽  
Melanie Kolb ◽  
Eduardo Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rock Pools ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Great attention has been drawn to the impacts of habitat deforestation and fragmentation on wildlife species richness. In contrast, much less attention has been paid to assessing the impacts of chronic anthropogenic disturbance on wildlife species composition and behaviour. We focused on natural small rock pools (sartenejas), which concentrate vertebrate activity due to habitat’s water limitation, to assess the impact of chronic anthropogenic disturbance on the species richness, diversity, composition, and behaviour of medium and large-sized birds and mammals in the highly biodiverse forests of Calakmul, southern Mexico. Camera trapping records of fauna using sartenejas within and outside the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve (CBR) showed that there were no effects on species richness, but contrasts emerged when comparing species diversity, composition, and behaviour. These effects differed between birds and mammals and between species: (1) bird diversity was greater outside the CBR, but mammal diversity was greater within and (2) the daily activity patterns of birds differed slightly within and outside the CBR but strongly contrasted in mammals. Our study highlights that even in areas supporting extensive forest cover, small-scale chronic anthropogenic disturbances can have pervasive negative effects on wildlife and that these effects contrast between animal groups.

scholarly journals Geographical Gradients in Argentinean Terrestrial Mammal Species Richness and Their Environmental Correlates

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ana L. Márquez ◽  
Raimundo Real ◽  
Marta S. Kin ◽  
José Carlos Guerrero ◽  
Betina Galván ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Spatial Filters ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Longitudinal Gradients ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Partitioning Procedure

We analysed the main geographical trends of terrestrial mammal species richness (SR) in Argentina, assessing how broad-scale environmental variation (defined by climatic and topographic variables) and the spatial form of the country (defined by spatial filters based on spatial eigenvector mapping (SEVM)) influence the kinds and the numbers of mammal species along these geographical trends. We also evaluated if there are pure geographical trends not accounted for by the environmental or spatial factors. The environmental variables and spatial filters that simultaneously correlated with the geographical variables and SR were considered potential causes of the geographic trends. We performed partial correlations between SR and the geographical variables, maintaining the selected explanatory variables statistically constant, to determine if SR was fully explained by them or if a significant residual geographic pattern remained. All groups and subgroups presented a latitudinal gradient not attributable to the spatial form of the country. Most of these trends were not explained by climate. We used a variation partitioning procedure to quantify the pure geographic trend (PGT) that remained unaccounted for. The PGT was larger for latitudinal than for longitudinal gradients. This suggests that historical or purely geographical causes may also be relevant drivers of these geographical gradients in mammal diversity.

scholarly journals SUGERENCIAS PARA ORGANIZAR, ADMINISTRAR Y EXPORTAR DATOS DE FOTO-TRAMPEO CON EL PROGRAMAWILD.ID

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Salvador Mandujano ◽  
Odalis Morteo-Montiel
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Massive Data ◽  
Wildlife Monitoring ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
R Packages ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Scientific Name

ResumenEl foto-trampeo es una técnica de monitoreo de fauna que permite de forma relativamente sencilla la obtención de cientos de miles de datos en formato de fotografía, pero que requiere de herramientas para organizar esta información. Para este fin se han creado programas y aplicaciones disponibles en internet. En este artículo se detalla los pasos principales para usar el programa Wild.ID el cual permite etiquetar y organizar fotos en un tiempo corto. Una vez instalado, el proceso consta de tres pasos: 1) crear un proyecto, 2) cargar las fotos y etiquetarlas con el nombre científico de las especies, y 3) generar archivos de salida en formato Excel y .csv los cuales pueden ser usados para analizar diferentes aspectos (riqueza de especies, ocupación y abundancia, captura-recaptura, patrones de actividad y otros) en otros programas y en paquetes R. Para ejemplificar el uso del programa, en este artículo se emplea una base de datos obtenidos de un proyecto de monitoreo de fauna en la Reserva de Biósfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán.Palabras clave: cámaras-trampa, monitoreo, especies, etiquetar metadatos, gestión información, formatos exportables.AbstractThe photo-trapping is a growing method for wildlife monitoring since it allows obtaining hundreds of thousands of photos in a relatively simple way. Tools are required to manage this massive data in a simple way. For this purpose different programs and applications are available in internet. This article details the use of the Wild.ID program, which is easy to use; allow tagging and organizing many photos in a relatively short time. Once installed, the process consists of three steps: 1) create a project, 2) upload the photos and label them with the scientific name of the species, and 3) generate files in Excel and .csv formats which can be used to analyze different aspects (species richness, occupation and abundance, capture-recapture, activity patterns and others) in other programs and in R packages. To exemplify the use of this program, in this article is used a set of data obtained from a wildlife monitoring project in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve. Wild.ID can be downloaded freely and works on the most common operating systems.Key words: cameras-trap, monitoring, species, label metadata, information management, exportable formats.

scholarly journals Species richness, geographical affinities and activity patterns of mammals in premontane Andean forests of the Magdalena River basin of Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-166
Author(s):  
Diego A. Torres ◽  
Abel Eduardo Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Mammalian Fauna ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Deforestation Rates ◽  
Magdalena River

More than half of the population of Colombia is settled in the Magdalena River basin, resulting in high deforestation rates due to productive activities and urbanisation. Within this scenario of forest loss and ecosystem degradation, it is imperative to record and monitor the biodiversity in order to decrease and mitigate the negative consequences of human activities on species and ecosystems. For six years, we assessed the mammal species richness, abundance and activity patterns in premontane forests of the Magdalena River basin in the Department of Caldas, Colombia. We also presented additional information on the geographical affinities of this fauna. We recorded 101 species, seven of them endemic to Colombia, with Chiroptera being the richest order, followed by Rodentia. Most of the species are common and not listed in threatened categories and only four are vulnerable and two endangered, according to the Red List of the IUCN and the Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible of Colombia. The mammalian fauna of the study area is similar to that of other lowland localities in the Neotropics and different to the fauna in highland localities, including the nearby ones. Specifically, this fauna was most similar to that in lowland Tolima and the Caribbean Region of Colombia, Venezuela and Costa Rica; however, when we accounted only for bat fauna, it was more similar to the fauna in Caribbean and Pacific Regions of Colombia. To secure the long-term persistence of these species, we recommend maintenance of the current corridors, such as riparian forests and living fences and an increase in the forested area.

Geographic patterns and environmental correlates of terrestrial mammal species richness in China

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Xin ◽  
Wang Zhi-heng ◽  
Tang Zhi-yao ◽  
Zhao Shu-qing ◽  
Fang Jing-yun
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
Geographic Patterns

scholarly journals LOS MAMÍFEROS DEL ESTADO DE CAMPECHE

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Vargas-Contreras ◽  
Griselda Escalona Segura ◽  
Daniela Guzmán Soriano ◽  
Oscar G. Retana Guiascon ◽  
Heliot Zarza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
The State ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Calakmul Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Pecari Tajacu ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Conservation Of Biodiversity

RESUMENLos estudios sobre la mastofauna del estado de Campeche se remontan a principios de 1900, con los naturalistas que realizaron extensas expediciones y comenzaron a describir las especies de mamíferos para la Península de Yucatán. Para el estado de Campeche se han reportan 125 especies de mamíferos, de las cuales 110 son terrestres y 15 de afinidad acuática, representadas en 13 órdenes, 34 familias y 92 géneros. El orden con mayor riqueza de especies es Chiroptera, seguido de Rodentia y Carnivora. El nivel de endemismos es bajo para el Estado; sin embargo, existen 21 especies endémicas a Mesoamérica. Aproximadamente el 40% de las especies de mamíferos del Estado se encuentra amenazada y en peligro de extinción. Por ejemplo, la foca monje del Caribe (Monachus tropicalis) fue abundante en las costas de Campeche, pero se extinguió el siglo pasado. Campeche mantiene las coberturas de selva más extensas de México, con más de 2 millones de hectáreas protegidas. En especial la Reserva de la Biosfera Calakmul y las Reservas Estatales Balam-Kú y Balam-Kin mantienen buenas poblaciones de especies amenazadas como el jaguar (Panthera onca), pecarí de labios blancos (Pecari tajacu) y tapir (Tapirus bairdii). Esto lo hace un estado prioritario para la conservación de la diversidad biológica. Palabras clave: Campeche, conservación, endemismo, extinción, mamíferos, riqueza.ABSTRACTStudies of the mammals of Campeche date back to the early 1900s, when scientists began describing species for the Yucatan Peninsula. Presently, there has been reported 125 species of mammals, 110 of which are terrestrial and 15 marine ones. Those species represent 13 orders, 34 families, and 92 genera. Order with highest species richness is Chiroptera, Rodentia and Carnivora. The level of endemism is low for the state; however, there are 21 species endemic to Mesoamerica. Approximately 40% of the state’s mammal species are threatened with extinction. The Caribbean monk seal (Monachus tropicalis) was abundant on the coast of Campeche, but became extinct last century. Campeche maintains the most extensive tracts of forest of Mexico, with more than 2 million hectares protected. The Calakmul Biosphere Reserve and state reserves Balam-Ku and Balam-Kin maintain good populations of endangered species such as the jaguar (Panthera onca), white-lipped peccary (Pecari tajacu) and tapir (Tapirus bairdii). This makes the state a priority for the conservation of biodiversity. Key words: Campeche, conservation, endemic, extinction, mammals, richness species.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Mammal Species Richness and Composition in Three Small Forest Patches within an Oil Palm Landscape in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo

Mammal Study ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Bernard ◽  
Esther L. Baking ◽  
Anthony J. Giordano ◽  
Oliver R. Wearn ◽  
Abdul Hamid Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Malaysian Borneo ◽  
Small Forest

scholarly journals Resilience of terrestrial mammals to logging in an active concession in Sarawak, Borneo

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Joscha Maiwald ◽  
Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan ◽  
Jedediah F. Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Reduced Impact Logging ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

AbstractSelective logging is very widespread across the tropics and can alter the habitat for myriad wildlife species. But while many studies have assessed the impacts of past logging on forest animals, far fewer have investigated how species respond to logging while the timber operations are actually going on. This is an important knowledge gap because, considering the prevalence of logging across the world, numerous areas will be undergoing active extraction at any given time. We compared the occurrence and diel activity patterns of individual species of medium- to large-bodied terrestrial mammals, as well as the richness of the entire assemblage, among sites that were either unlogged, had been logged historically, or had ongoing ‘reduced impact’ timber extraction in the Kapit Region of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. We found no significant differences in estimated occupancy or activity patterns of particular species, or in overall species richness, among logging treatments. Across sites, species richness in this area appeared to be as high as or higher than in many other parts of the state, including some protected areas. Though monitoring is needed to assess potential long-term impacts, our results suggest that reduced-impact logging could allow economic development that is sustainable for many wildlife populations.

scholarly journals Bushmeat hunting and extinction risk to the world's mammals

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 160498 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Ripple ◽  
Katharine Abernethy ◽  
Matthew G. Betts ◽  
Guillaume Chapron ◽  
Rodolfo Dirzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
The World ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Effective Conservation ◽  
Bushmeat Hunting

Terrestrial mammals are experiencing a massive collapse in their population sizes and geographical ranges around the world, but many of the drivers, patterns and consequences of this decline remain poorly understood. Here we provide an analysis showing that bushmeat hunting for mostly food and medicinal products is driving a global crisis whereby 301 terrestrial mammal species are threatened with extinction. Nearly all of these threatened species occur in developing countries where major coexisting threats include deforestation, agricultural expansion, human encroachment and competition with livestock. The unrelenting decline of mammals suggests many vital ecological and socio-economic services that these species provide will be lost, potentially changing ecosystems irrevocably. We discuss options and current obstacles to achieving effective conservation, alongside consequences of failure to stem such anthropogenic mammalian extirpation. We propose a multi-pronged conservation strategy to help save threatened mammals from immediate extinction and avoid a collapse of food security for hundreds of millions of people.

scholarly journals Community structure and diversity of tropical forest mammals: data from a global camera trap network

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1578) ◽  
pp. 2703-2711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Ahumada ◽  
Carlos E. F. Silva ◽  
Krisna Gajapersad ◽  
Chris Hallam ◽  
Johanna Hurtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Mammal Communities

Terrestrial mammals are a key component of tropical forest communities as indicators of ecosystem health and providers of important ecosystem services. However, there is little quantitative information about how they change with local, regional and global threats. In this paper, the first standardized pantropical forest terrestrial mammal community study, we examine several aspects of terrestrial mammal species and community diversity (species richness, species diversity, evenness, dominance, functional diversity and community structure) at seven sites around the globe using a single standardized camera trapping methodology approach. The sites—located in Uganda, Tanzania, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Suriname, Brazil and Costa Rica—are surrounded by different landscape configurations, from continuous forests to highly fragmented forests. We obtained more than 51 000 images and detected 105 species of mammals with a total sampling effort of 12 687 camera trap days. We find that mammal communities from highly fragmented sites have lower species richness, species diversity, functional diversity and higher dominance when compared with sites in partially fragmented and continuous forest. We emphasize the importance of standardized camera trapping approaches for obtaining baselines for monitoring forest mammal communities so as to adequately understand the effect of global, regional and local threats and appropriately inform conservation actions.

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