scholarly journals Spatial Environmental Inequality in Lubbock, Texas

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Perry Labron Carter ◽  
Jason M. Post ◽  
Cynthia L. Sorrensen
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Toxic Release Inventory ◽  
Environmental Inequality ◽  
Hazardous Waste Facility ◽  
Hazardous Waste Facilities ◽  
Statistical Relationships

Environmental inequality assumes a near proximity of environmental health hazards, hazardous waste processing and releasing facilities to minority and low-income communities. Research in environmental inequality and environment justice over the past twenty years suggests that hazardous waste facilities are often located near minority and low-income neighborhoods. We conducted a study evaluating and quantifying environmental inequality in Lubbock County, Texas. Our study analyzed both spatial and statistical relationships between population demographics and spatial proximity to hazardous waste releasing facilities. Hazardous waste facility data used in the study were collected from the Environmental Protection Agency’s Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). Population statistics from the U.S. Census comprise the demographic data for this analysis. Spatial regression models were estimated to evaluate the relationship between distance from TRI sites and neighborhood / census block group demographics. A statistically significant relationship with proximity to hazardous waste facilities was found in communities having significant minority populations.

scholarly journals Environmental Inequality and Residential Sorting in Germany: A Spatial Time-Series Analysis of the Demographic Consequences of Industrial Sites

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Rüttenauer ◽  
Henning Best
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Environmental Inequality ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Previous research has shown that low-income households bear a higher exposure to environmental pollution than high-income households. Some scholars have argued that selective siting of industrial facilities accounts for such environmental inequality, while others have argued that those citizens who can afford to move out of polluted regions do so, and the socioeconomically disadvantaged are sorted into polluted areas. Yet empirical evidence regarding the processes of environmental inequality is not conclusive. We build on an original data set that includes annual georeferenced data of 6,570 highly polluting industrial facilities in Germany from 2008 to 2017 and validate the fluctuation in facilities with geographical land-use data. We then connect the facilities to income and demographic data for 4,455 municipalities and investigate sociodemographic changes before and after the appearance of new facilities. Spatial models are employed to measure local relative changes, and fixed-effects individual slopes estimators are used to account for selection on economic trajectories. Results provide only limited support for the selective siting thesis but show that an area's average income decreases after the appearance of new industrial facilities, thereby resonating with the selective migration hypothesis. In contrast, facility closure does not attract, or reattract, more affluent households.

The Hazardous Waste Facility Siting Controversy: The Massachusetts Experience

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-156
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Facility Siting ◽  
National Environmental Policy Act ◽  
Hazardous Waste Facility ◽  
Hazardous Waste Facilities ◽  
Waste Facility ◽  
Local Opposition ◽  
National Environmental

AbstractIntense local opposition has frequently frustrated efforts to site hazardous waste facilities. This Note examines states' attempts to balance the increasing need for such facilities with growing community opposition. The Note focuses on the Massachusetts response to this problem, and argues that the Massachusetts program has failed to adequately preempt a locality's power to block facility siting. The Note proposes an alternative model, based on the National Environmental Policy Act, which addresses local concerns while achieving its purpose of siting safe containment facilities for toxic substances.

scholarly journals Incentives and barriers to HIV testing in men who have sex with men in a metropolitan area in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Freire Gonçalves ◽  
Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo Kerr ◽  
Rosa Salani Mota ◽  
Raimunda Hermelinda Maia Macena ◽  
Rosa Lívia de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Respondent Driven Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract: This study aimed to identify incentives and barriers to HIV testing in men who have sex with men (MSM). This was a cross-sectional study of MSM who had lived at least three months in greater metropolitan Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil, 2010. The study recruited 391 men ≥ 18 years of age who reported sexual relations with men in the previous six months, using Respondent Driven Sampling. Personal network and socio-demographic data were collected and HIV testing was offered, analyzed with RDSAT 6.0 and Stata 11.0. The majority were young (40.3%), had 5 to 11 years of schooling (57.3%), were single (85.1%), had low income (37.6%), and 58.1% had tested for HIV some time in life. Incentive to test: certainty of not being infected (34.1%) and the exposure to national campaign Fique Sabendo [Know your Status] (34%). Barriers: trust in partner(s) (21%) and fear of discrimination if tested positive (20.3%). Policies should be developed to ensure test confidentiality and communication campaigns focusing on information gaps and encouragement for testing.

scholarly journals An Environmental GIS-based Variable Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in the City of Recife, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Souza ◽  
Caroline Mota ◽  
Amanda Rosa ◽  
Ciro Figueiredo ◽  
Ana Lucia Candeias
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Spatial Regression Analysis ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
The City

Abstract Background: Given the increasing rates at which cases of people infected by Covid-19 have been evolving to case-fatality rates on a global scale and the context of there being a world-wide socio-economic crisis, decision-making must be undertaken based on prioritizing effective measures to control and combat the disease since there is a lack of effective drugs and as yet no vaccine. Method: This paper explores the determinant factors of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on Recife, Pernambuco-Brazil by performing both local and global spatial regression analysis on two types of environmental data-sets. Data were obtained from ten specific days between late April and early July 2020, comprehending the ascending, peak and descending behaviours of the curve of infections.Results: This study highlights the importance of identifying and mapping clusters of the most affected neighbourhoods and their determinant effects. We have identified that it is increasingly common for there to be a phase in which hotspots of confirmed cases appear in a well-developed and heavily densely-populated neighbourhood of the city of Recife. From there, the disease is carried to areas characterised by having a precarious provision of public services and a low-income population and this quickly creates hotspots of case-fatality rates. The results also help to understand the influence of the age, income, level of education of the population and, additionally, of the extent to which they can access public services, on the behaviour of the virus across neighbourhoods.Conclusion: This study supports government measures against the spread of Covid-19 in heterogeneous cities, evidencing social inequality as a driver for a high incidence of fatal cases of the disease. Understanding the variables which influence the local dynamics of the virus spread becomes vital for identifying the most vulnerable regions for which prevention actions need to be developed.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Disparities in Vape Shop Density and Proximity to Public Schools in the Conterminous United States, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9S-17S ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dilip Venugopal ◽  
Aura Lee Morse ◽  
Cindy Tworek ◽  
Hoshing Wan Chang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
District Administrators ◽  
Statistical Relationships ◽  
Vape Shops

We conducted an environmental justice assessment examining the distribution of specialty vape shops in relation to where minority and low-income youth live and attend school. We collated and examined the density of vape shops in public school districts in 2018 throughout the conterminous United States using geographic information systems. We calculated the proximity of vape shops to public middle and high schools through nearest neighbor analysis in QGIS software. We examined the statistical relationships between the density of vape shops in school districts, and proximity to schools, with the proportion of racial/ethnic minorities and those living in poverty. We found that vape shops are more densely distributed, and are in closer proximity to schools, in school districts with higher proportions of Asian and Black or African American populations. However, vape shops were further away from schools in school districts with higher proportions of the population in poverty. The proximity and higher density of vape shops in relationship to schools in Asian and Black or African American communities may result in disproportionate health impacts due to greater access and exposure to vape products and advertisements. Our results may help school district administrators prioritize and target efforts to curb youth vaping (e.g., health education curricula) in these school districts with high density and closer proximity of vape shops to schools. Policy efforts, such as local ordinances restricting the promotion and sale of vaping products close to schools, could help prevent disproportionate human and environmental health impacts to minorities.

scholarly journals Hydraulic properties of dune sand–bentonite mixtures of insulation barriers for hazardous waste facilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Gueddouda ◽  
I. Goual ◽  
B. Benabed ◽  
S. Taibi ◽  
N. Aboubekr
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Dune Sand ◽  
Hazardous Waste Facilities

A review of polymeric geosynthetics used in hazardous waste facilities

1995 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Dale Ortego ◽  
Tejraj M. Aminabhavi ◽  
Sujata F. Harlapur ◽  
Ramachandra H. Balundgi
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Hazardous Waste Facilities
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