scholarly journals Sources and sinks of carbon in boreal ecosystems of interior Alaska: A review

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Douglas ◽  
Miriam C. Jones ◽  
Christopher A. Hiemstra ◽  
Jeffrey R. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Boreal Ecosystems ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost

Abstract Boreal ecosystems store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region in Alaska and Canada, largely underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing carbon sources and sinks in soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence (or absence) of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in boreal ecosystems for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape and carbon cycle changes over the next 20 to 50 years. To assist land managers in interior Alaska in adapting and managing for potential changes in the carbon cycle we developed this review paper by incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation, and soil regimes. Our objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to guide policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks. We surveyed estimates of aboveground and belowground carbon stocks for interior Alaska boreal ecosystems and summarized methane and carbon dioxide fluxes. These data have been converted into similar units to facilitate comparison across ecosystem compartments. We identify potential changes in the carbon cycle with climate change and human disturbance. A novel research question is how compounding disturbances affect carbon sources and sinks associated with boreal ecosystem processes. Finally, we provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompasses a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.

scholarly journals Sources and Sinks of Carbon in Boreal Ecosystems of Interior Alaska : A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Douglas ◽  
Christopher A. Hiemstra ◽  
Miriam C. Jones ◽  
Jeffrey R. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Boreal Ecosystems ◽  
Hydrologic Processes ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost ◽  
In Fire

Boreal ecosystems store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region in Alaska and Canada, largely underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing carbon sources and sinks in soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence/absence of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in boreal ecosystems for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape and carbon cycle changes over the next 20 to 50 years. To assist land managers in interior Alaska in adapting and managing for potential changes in the carbon cycle, this paper was developed incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation, and soil regimes. The objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to guide policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks. We provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompasses a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.

Animals and the zoogeochemistry of the carbon cycle

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 362 (6419) ◽  
pp. eaar3213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswald J. Schmitz ◽  
Christopher C. Wilmers ◽  
Shawn J. Leroux ◽  
Christopher E. Doughty ◽  
Trisha B. Atwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Scientific Challenge ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Global Carbon

Predicting and managing the global carbon cycle requires scientific understanding of ecosystem processes that control carbon uptake and storage. It is generally assumed that carbon cycling is sufficiently characterized in terms of uptake and exchange between ecosystem plant and soil pools and the atmosphere. We show that animals also play an important role by mediating carbon exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere, at times turning ecosystem carbon sources into sinks, or vice versa. Animals also move across landscapes, creating a dynamism that shapes landscape-scale variation in carbon exchange and storage. Predicting and measuring carbon cycling under such dynamism is an important scientific challenge. We explain how to link analyses of spatial ecosystem functioning, animal movement, and remote sensing of animal habitats with carbon dynamics across landscapes.

Integration analysis of the carbon sources and sinks in terrestrial ecosystems, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
赵宁，周蕾，庄杰，王永琳，周稳，陈集景，宋珺，丁键浠，迟永刚 ZHAO Ning
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Integration Analysis

scholarly journals Above-Ground Net Primary Production, Leaf Area Index, and Nitrogen Dynamics in Early Post-Fire Vegetation, Yellowstone National Park

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Monica Turner ◽  
Rebecca Reed ◽  
William Romme ◽  
Mary Finley ◽  
Dennis Knight
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Area Index

The 1988 fires in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, affected >250,000 ha, creating a striking mosaic of burn severities across the landscape which is likely to influence ecological processes for decades to come (Christensen et al. 1989, Knight and Wallace 1989, Turner et al.1994). Substantial spatial heterogeneity in early post-fire succession has been observed in the decade since the fires, resulting largely from spatial variation in fire severity and in the availability of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) seeds in or near the burned area (Anderson and Romme 1991, Tinker et al. 1994, Turner et al. 1997). Post­fire vegetation now includes pine stands ranging from relatively low to extremely high pine sapling density (ca 10,000 to nearly 100,000 stems ha-1) as well as non-forest or marginally forested vegetation across the Yellowstone landscape may influence ecosystem processes related to energy flow and biogeochemisty. We also are interested in how quickly these processes may return to their pre­ disturbance characteristics. In this pilot study, we began to address these general questions by examining the variation in above-ground net primary production (ANPP), leaf area index (LAI) of tree (lodgepole pine) and herbaceous components, and rates of nitrogen mineralization and loss in successional stands 9 years after the fires. ANPP measures the cumulative new biomass generated over a given period of time, and is a fundamental ecosystem property often used to compare ecosystems (Carpenter 1998). Leaf area (typically expressed as leaf area index [LAI], i.e., leaf area per unit ground surface area) influences rates of two fundamental ecosystem processes -­ primary productivity and transpiration -- and is communities (

scholarly journals The Plio-Pleistocene climatic evolution as a consequence of orbital forcing on the carbon cycle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Paillard
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Climatic Evolution ◽  
Astronomical Forcing ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Simple Dynamical Model

Abstract. Since the discovery of ice ages in the XIXth century, a central question of climate science has been to understand the respective role of the astronomical forcing and of greenhouse gases, in particular changes in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. Glacial-interglacial cycles have been shown to be paced by the astronomy with a dominant periodicity of 100 ka over the last million years, and a periodicity of 41 ka between roughly 1 and 3 million years before present (MyrBP). But the role and dynamics of the carbon cycle over the last 4 million years remain poorly understood. In particular, the transition into the Pleistocene about 2.8 MyrBP or the transition towards larger glaciations about 0.8 MyrBP (sometimes refered as the mid-pleistocene transition, or MPT) are not easily explained as direct consequences of the astronomical forcing. Some recent atmospheric CO2 reconstructions suggest slightly higher pCO2 levels before 1 MyrBP and a slow decrease over the last few million years (Bartoli et al., 2011; Seki et al., 2010). But the dynamics and the climatic role of the carbon cycle during the Plio-Pleistocene period remain unclear. Interestingly, the d13C marine records provide some critical information on the evolution of sources and sinks of carbon. In particular, a clear 400-kyr oscillation has been found at many different time periods and appears to be a robust feature of the carbon cycle throughout at least the last 100 Myr (eg. Paillard and Donnadieu, 2014). This oscillation is also visible over the last 4 Myr but its relationship with the eccentricity appears less obvious, with the occurrence of longer cycles at the end of the record, and a periodicity which therefore appears shifted towards 500-kyr (cf. Wang et al., 2004). In the following we present a simple dynamical model that provides an explanation for these carbon cycle variations, and how they relate to the climatic evolution over the last 4 Myr. It also gives an explanation for the lowest pCO2 values observed in the Antarctic ice core around 600–700 kyrBP. More generally, the model predicts a two-step decrease in pCO2 levels associated with the 2.4 Myr modulation of the eccentricity forcing. These two steps occur respectively at the Plio-Pleistocene transition and at the MPT, which strongly suggests that these transitions are astronomicaly forced through the dynamics of the carbon cycle.

scholarly journals Thermal and hydrological observations near Twelvemile Lake in discontinuous permafrost, Yukon Flats, interior Alaska, September 2010-August 2011

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Jepsen ◽  
Joshua C. Koch ◽  
Joshua R. Rose ◽  
Clifford I. Voss ◽  
Michelle Ann Walvoord
Keyword(s):  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost

Global carbon sources and sinks: 2007 update

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 082001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pep Canadell ◽  
C Lequre ◽  
M Raupach ◽  
P Ciais ◽  
T Conway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Global Carbon

scholarly journals Transcom 3 inversion intercomparison: Model mean results for the estimation of seasonal carbon sources and sinks

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Robert Gurney ◽  
Rachel M. Law ◽  
A. Scott Denning ◽  
Peter J. Rayner ◽  
Bernard C. Pak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Sources And Sinks

The Carbon Effects of the Urban Ecological Recreational System Based on Systems Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-147
Author(s):  
Hua Li ◽  
Helong Tong ◽  
Xiaoxiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
System Dynamics Model ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Management Ability ◽  
Systems Simulation

Abstract As a major component of urban ecological systems, the urban ecological space is an important carbon pool in the urban carbon circulation. Meanwhile, its special recreational function adds to the complexity of its carbon effects. According to the carbon process and effects of the urban ecological recreational system, the Source-Leakage-Sink-Order (SLSO) framework is proposed as the basis of the four subsystems of the system model. Consisting of 63 parameters, the system dynamics model of urban ecological recreational system is constructed by using VENSIM PLE. Then the urban ecological recreational system in Shanghai under different scenarios is simulated, and the carbon sources and sinks of the system as well as the process of carbon effects such as carbon footprints are analyzed and predicted. Research shows that due to the imbalance of the spatial pattern of ecological recreational space, the carbon sink effects of the system are quite limited. The human carbon source is the main contributor of the system’s carbon sources and the carbon footprint deficit is striking. The management ability of ecological recreational space influences the carbon sink potentials of the system. In addition, the maintenance mode of ecological green space plays a non-trivial role in the composition of carbon sources.

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