scholarly journals The effects of horseback riding participation on the muscle tone and range of motion for children with spastic cerebral palsy

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Baik ◽  
Jung-Kyun Byeun ◽  
Jae-Keun Baek
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Horseback Riding

Why is joint range of motion limited in patients with cerebral palsy?

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. de Bruin ◽  
M. J. C. Smeulders ◽  
M. Kreulen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Joint Range ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

Patients with spastic cerebral palsy of the upper limb typically present with various problems including an impaired range of motion that affects the positioning of the upper extremity. This impaired range of motion often develops into contractures that further limit functioning of the spastic hand and arm. Understanding why these contractures develop in cerebral palsy will affect the selection of patients suitable for surgical treatment as well as the choice for specific surgical procedures. The generally accepted hypothesis in patients with spastic cerebral palsy is that the hyper-excitability of the stretch reflex combined with increased muscle tone result in extreme angles of the involved joints at rest. Ultimately, these extreme joint angles are thought to result in fixed joint postures. There is no consensus in the literature concerning the pathophysiology of this process. Several hypotheses associated with inactivity and overactivity have been tested by examining the secondary changes in spastic muscle and its surrounding tissue. All hypotheses implicate different secondary changes that consequently require different clinical approaches. In this review, the different hypotheses concerning the development of limited joint range of motion in cerebral palsy are discussed in relation to their secondary changes on the musculoskeletal system.

Functional outcomes following selective posterior rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warwick J. Peacock ◽  
Loretta A. Staudt
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Selective Posterior Rhizotomy

✓ The recent increase in popularity of selective posterior rhizotomy demands objective documentation of surgical outcome. For this reason, the authors have analyzed the status of 25 children with spastic cerebral palsy before and after rhizotomy to determine the effects of this therapy on muscle tone, range of movement, and motor function. Postoperative tests showed a reduction in muscle tone compared with preoperative assessments. Range of motion in the lower extremities was significantly increased and improvements in functional gross motor skills were noted. An increase in range of motion in the knees and thighs during gait was detected in 18 ambulatory patients studied with computerized two-dimensional motion analysis. Preliminary findings indicate that selective posterior rhizotomy reduced spasticity, thereby increasing range of motion and contributing to improvements in active functional mobility.

scholarly journals The effects of kinesio taping of lower limbs on functional mobility, spasticity, and range of motion of children with spastic cerebral palsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjavad Tabatabaee ◽  
Moslem Cheraghifard ◽  
Alireza Shamsoddini
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kinesio Taping

Abstract Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive neurological disease in a growing brain. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effects of kinesio taping (KT) of the lower limbs on functional mobility, spasticity, and range of motion (ROM) of children with cerebral palsy. Methods Thirty children with spastic cerebral palsy aged 3 to 10 years old were selected from pediatric rehabilitation clinics. Subjects were divided randomly into intervention and control groups. Each group contains 15 subjects. Both groups received kinesio taping along with occupational therapy for 2 weeks. In the intervention group, kinesio taping was applied in a treatment mode with suitable tension; however, taping was applied in the control group in a sham mode. Timed get up and go (TUG), Modified Modified Ashworth (MMA), and goniometer tests were used prior to the intervention and 2 days and 2 weeks after the intervention. Results Short-term application of kinesio taping in the intervention group did not lead to significant changes in ROM (P = 0.582), muscle tone (P = 0.317), and functional mobility (P = 0.320). However, long-term application of kinesio taping improved the range of motion, muscle tone, and functional mobility (P < 0.05). No significant change has been observed in the control group in different intervals. Conclusion The findings indicated that kinesio taping can increase ROM of the knee and reduce spasticity. It also can improve the functional mobility. Therefore, it seems that kinesio taping is efficient for rehabilitation of spastic CP as a reliable treatment method. Trial registration IRCT, IRCT2017082135822N1, Registered 19 September 2017, https://fa.irct.ir/IRCT2017082135822N1.

The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Horseback Riding in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Ju Cherng ◽  
Hua-Fang Liao ◽  
Henry W.C. Leung ◽  
Ai-Wen Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Horseback Riding ◽  
Therapeutic Horseback Riding ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Gross Motor Function

This study investigated the effectiveness of a16-week therapeutic horseback riding (THR) program on the gross motor function measures (GMFM) and the muscle tone of hip adductors in 14 children with spastic cerebral palsy (age: 3 years, one month to 11 years, 5 months). In the first phase of 16 weeks, nine of the children received the THR in addition to their regular treatment, while the rest received their regular treatment only. In the second phase (also 16 weeks), the arrangements were reversed. After THR, some of the children improved significantly in the GMFM E (walk/run/jump) score and the total score. The effect appears to be sustained for at least 16 weeks. No effect of THR on muscle tone was noted. We conclude that THR may be beneficial for some children with spastic cerebral palsy.

The effect of adding homeopathic treatment to rehabilitation on muscle tone of children with spastic cerebral palsy

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoozeh Sajedi ◽  
Vida Alizad ◽  
Farshid Alaeddini ◽  
Rozita Fatemi ◽  
Ali Mazaherinezhad
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Homeopathic Treatment

scholarly journals Changes in Ankle Range of Motion, Gait Function and Standing Balance in Children with Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy after Ankle Mobilization by Manual Therapy

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Pong Sub Youn ◽  
Kyun Hee Cho ◽  
Shin Jun Park
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Joint Mobilization ◽  
Gait Function

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ankle joint mobilization in children with cerebral palsy (CP) to ankle range of motion (ROM), gait, and standing balance. We recruited 32 children (spastic diplegia) diagnosed with CP and categorized them in two groups: the ankle joint mobilization (n = 16) group and sham joint mobilization (n = 16) group. Thus, following a six-week ankle joint mobilization, we examined measures such as passive ROM in ankle dorsiflexion in the sitting and supine position, center of pressure (COP) displacements (sway length, area) with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC), and a gait function test (timed up and go test (TUG) and 10-m walk test). The dorsiflexion ROM, TUG, and 10-m walk test significantly increased in the mobilization group compared to the control group. Ankle joint mobilization can be regarded as a promising method to increase dorsiflexion and improve gait in CP-suffering children.

Cerebral palsy and rhizotomy: A 3-year follow-up evaluation with gait analysis

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Vaughan ◽  
Barbara Berman ◽  
Warwick J. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Early Functional Outcome ◽  
Selective Posterior Rhizotomy

✓ A recent increase in the popularity of selective posterior rhizotomy for reduction of spasticity in cerebral palsy has led to a demand for more objective studies of outcome and long-term follow-up results. The authors present the results of gait analysis on 14 children with spastic cerebral palsy, who underwent selective posterior rhizotomy in 1985. Sagittal plane gait patterns were studied before surgery and at 1 and 3 years after surgery using a digital camera system. The parameters measured included the range of motion at the knee and thigh, stride length, speed of walking, and cadence. The range of motion at the knee was significantly increased at 1 year after surgery and further improved to a nearly normal range at 3 years after surgery. In contrast, postoperative measurements of thigh range exceeded normal values at 1 year, but decreased toward normal range at 3 years. While improvements in range of motion continued between Years 1 and 3, the children developed a more extended thigh and knee position, which indicated a more upright walking posture. Stride length and speed of walking also improved, while cadence remained essentially unchanged. This 3-year follow-up study, the first to examine rhizotomy using an objective approach, has provided some encouraging results regarding early functional outcome.

A Study of Effects of Intervention of Botulinum Toxin- A on Lower Limb in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
U Singh ◽  
Raj Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Wadhwa ◽  
SL Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Base Of Support

Abstract Objective Analysis of clinical gait pattern, change in spasticity and range of motion (ROM) in cerebral palsy patient (CP) with spastic lower limb muscle after injecting botulinum toxin- A. Study Design Prospective study Methods 28 children (18 male and 10 female) with spastic CP had problems in normal walking, aged 2–9 years (mean age 4.65 years), consecutively treated in the PMR department over a 2-year period, were prospectively followed-up and clinically assessed pre- and post-treatment (at 2 weeks and 2 months) both objectively and subjectively. Objective assessment included gait parameters -- stride length, cadence, velocity, step length, base of support; active and passive range of motion (ROM), (measured by goniometry) and spasticity on modified Ashworth scale. Subjective assessment was done by asking questionnaire in terms of comfort, ease of care, perineal hygiene, walking. Injections were given using clinical palpatory method on OPD basis. All patients received botulinum toxin-A injections, followed with exercises and activities and orthosis as needed. Results Significant improvement was achieved for spasticity reduction in gastrocnemius (p< 0.001), hamstring and adductor (p=0.050), ankle AROM & PROM (p< 0.001), active knee extension (p=0.009), popliteal angle (p=0.015) and percentage left and right foot contact (p< 0.001), whereas non-significant change was observed in step length, cadence, velocity, stride length, and base of support. Parents felt subjective improvement in most of the cases (>90%). Conclusions Botulinum toxin- A injection is effective in the treatment of spastic lower limb muscles for equinus/ crouching/scissoring gait in cerebral palsy children. The treatment was feasible and easily implemented. Botulinum toxin- A injections were well tolerated, yielded no serious treatment-related adverse events.

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