Transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves

Livestock ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Ian Glover
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons

Colostrum intake is vital for the transfer of immunoglobulins from dam to calf, enabling a functional immune response when required during early life. Colostrum management is therefore a key part of preventing disease and mortality in young dairy calves. Additional benefits of adequate colostrum provision include improved growth and future milk yield. Research indicates the need for more stringent targets with respect to both colostrum provision for calves and when monitoring calves for transfer of passive immunity (TPI). The extent of TPI in calves is reflected in the concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum, and is under the influence of a multitude of factors, many of which may be managed by farmers and veterinary surgeons in order to improve TPI on farms.

Passive immunity and serological immune response in dairy calves associated with natural Giardia duodenalis infections

2003 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. O’Handley ◽  
Howard Ceri ◽  
Colleen Anette ◽  
Merle E. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Passive Immunity

Determination of neonatal serum immunoglobulin G concentrations associated with mortality during the first 4 months of life in dairy heifer calves

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munashe Chigerwe ◽  
Jill V Hagey ◽  
Sharif S Aly
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Dairy Heifer

Colostral administration practices on dairy farms have significantly improved over the last 15–20 years resulting in prevalence of calves ingesting insufficient colostrum decreasing from 35–40% to 19%. Despite these improvements, the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration of ≥1000 g/dl and serum total protein (TP) concentrations of ≥5·2 g/dl are considered indicative of adequate transfer of immunity. We hypothesised that the current serum IgG concentrations of ≥1000 mg/dl is too low to indicate adequate transfer of colostral immunity on modern dairies. The objective of this study was to determine the serum IgG and TP concentrations indicating adequate transfer of passive immunity in dairy heifer calves. A cohort study of 1290 heifers from a calf raising facility for 48 dairy farms was performed. Heifers were assigned into strata based on serum IgG and TP concentrations. Mortality events were recorded for the heifers for 4 months. Interval likelihood ratios for mortality were calculated for heifers in each stratum of serum IgG or TP concentrations. Logistic regression to predict probability of mortality events was performed. Estimates of probability of survival were evaluated using survival analysis. Serum strata of ≤1500, 1501–2000 or >2500 were not significant predictors of mortality during the 120 d of rearing. Serum IgG concentration was not a significant predictor of hazard for mortality. In contrast to previous studies, serum IgG and TP concentrations of 2001–2500 mg/dl and 5·8–6·3 g/dl respectively, were considered optimum for indicating adequate passive transfer of colostral immunity in dairy calves based on the likelihood ratios. On dairies with optimum colostral feeding practices, serum IgG and TP concentrations of 2001–2500 mg/dl and 5·8–6·3 g/dl are recommended as endpoints to indicate adequate passive immunity in dairy calves.

Ultrastructural evidence of transplacental transport of immunoglobulin G in bitches

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Stoffel ◽  
AE Friess ◽  
SH Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Cytotrophoblast Cells ◽  
Fetal Vessels

In dogs, passive immunity is conferred to fetuses and neonates by the transfer of maternal immunoglobulin G through the placenta during the last trimester of pregnancy and via the mammary gland after parturition, respectively. However, morphological evidence of transplacental transport is still lacking. The aim of the present study was to localize maternal immunoglobulin G in the labyrinthine zone and in the haemophagous zone of the canine placenta by means of immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry. In the labyrinthine zone, immunoglobulin G was detected in all the layers of the materno-fetal barrier including the fetal capillaries. Immunoreactivity was particularly prominent in maternal basement membrane material as well as in the syncytiotrophoblast. However, this evidence of transplacental transport of immunoglobulin G originated from a limited number of unevenly distributed maternal vessels only. In the cytotrophoblast of the haemophagous zone, immunoglobulin G was localized to phagolysosomes at various stages but was never detected within fetal vessels. The results indicate that maternal immunoglobulin G is degraded in cytotrophoblast cells of the hemophagous zone and, therefore, that transplacental transport is restricted to a subpopulation of maternal vessels in the labyrinthine zone.

scholarly journals Addition of gut active carbohydrates to colostrum replacer does not improve passive transfer of immunoglobulin G in Holstein dairy calves

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 5700-5708 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Villettaz Robichaud ◽  
S.M. Godden ◽  
D.M. Haines ◽  
D.B. Haley ◽  
D.L. Pearl
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Dairy Calves

Abstract 008: Early Life Stress Induces Renal Pro-inflammatory Immune Responses

Hypertension ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen De Miguel ◽  
Dao H Ho ◽  
Analia S Loria ◽  
Ijeoma Obi ◽  
Jennifer S Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Inflammatory Status

We previously reported that maternal separation (MatSep), an animal model of early life stress, sensitizes rats to pro-hypertensive stimuli in adulthood. We hypothesized that MatSep induces a renal pro-inflammatory immune response. Immune cell populations and expression of cytokines were assessed by magnetic bead isolation, FACS analysis, ELISA and RT-PCR in adult male MatSep and normally-reared littermate control rats. Circulating and renal mononuclear or T cell numbers were similar between control and MatSep rats (n=4-11/group, p>0.05). Both groups presented similar percentages of circulating macrophages and T H , T C , and T reg cells (n=4, p>0.05). However, the percentage of circulating B cells was significantly decreased in MatSep rats (23.7±1.2% vs. 20.1±0.7%; n=4, p<0.05). Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1Beta was significantly elevated in kidneys from MatSep rats (4.4±0.5 vs. 7.9±1.0 pg/mg prot; n=7-8/group; p<0.05). However, IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-4 were not different between control and MatSep rats. To further assess the immune system in MatSep and control rats, we acutely challenged adult rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2 mg/kg; i.v., 14 h). LPS significantly elevated renal expression of pro-inflammatory chemokine receptors (CCR3, CCR4, CXCR4), cytokines (IFN-gamma, CCL3, CCL4, IL-16), and activation markers (CD40, CD40lg) in MatSep rats (4 to 6 fold increase; n=5/group, p<0.05), suggesting that MatSep induces an exaggerated pro-inflammatory renal immune response to LPS. In conclusion, early life stress induces a renal pro-inflammatory status in adulthood that leads to sensitization to further immune challenges. Funded by P01 HL 69999 to JSP, NIH T32 DK007545 to CDM, F32 HL 116145 to DHH and K99/R00 HL 111354 to ASL.

Systems analysis of plasma IgG intact N-glycopeptides from patients with chronic kidney diseases via EThcD-sceHCD-MS/MS

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Shanshan Zheng ◽  
Yonghong Mao ◽  
Wei Cao ◽  
Lijun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules modulate an immune response. However, site-specific N-glycosylation signatures of plasma IgG in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain unclear. This study aimed to propose a...

scholarly journals Airway epithelial ITGB4 deficiency in early life mediates pulmonary spontaneous inflammation and enhanced allergic immune response

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 2761-2771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Tang ◽  
Xizi Du ◽  
Lin Yuan ◽  
Gelei Xiao ◽  
Mengping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Allergic Immune Response
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