Equine asthma: managing the environment

UK-Vet Equine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel William Hotchkiss
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Organic Dust ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease ◽  
Equine Asthma ◽  
Environmental Challenge

Equine asthma is an umbrella term defined by nonseptic lower airway inflammation. Currently there are two broad categories, namely mild to moderate equine asthma (formerly known as inflammatory airway disease) and severe equine asthma (formerly known as recurrent airway obstruction or heaves). Environmental challenge is involved in the aetiopathogenesis of both these subcategories. Much of this challenge, and the part that we can control, is provided by the organic dust associated with the stabling of horses. This article reviews the available evidence relating to the environmental management of equine asthma and tries to relate this to practical options for providing a low-dust environment.

scholarly journals Spi2 gene polymorphism is not associated with recurrent airway obstruction and inflammatory airway disease in thoroughbred horses

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-458
Author(s):  
Aline Correa da Silva ◽  
Karin Erica Brass ◽  
Elgion da Silva Loreto ◽  
Myriam Elizabeth Vinocur ◽  
Ricardo Pozzobon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease

scholarly journals Equine astma: huidige kennis van zaken

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-208
Author(s):  
L. M. Verhaeghe ◽  
L. Lefère ◽  
A. Dufourni ◽  
E. Paulussen ◽  
G. Van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Gevolgd Door ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease

Equine astma is de overkoepelende term voor een inflammatoir proces ter hoogte van de diepere luchtwegen. Deze aandoening wordt verder onderverdeeld in lichte tot matige astma, beter bekend als “inflammatory airway disease” (IAD), en ernstige astma, beter bekend als “recurrent airway obstruction” (RAO). RAO veroorzaakt inflammatie en obstructie van de diepe luchtwegen, wat leidt tot chronische hoest, verhoogde ademhalingsinspanning in rust en inspanningsintolerantie, meestal bij paarden ouder dan zeven jaar. IAD daarentegen kan op elke leeftijd voorkomen en de klinische tekenen zijn vaak veel subtieler, namelijk verminderd presteren en occasioneel hoesten. Equine astma wordt voornamelijk getriggerd door een hoge concentratie aan stof en schimmelsporen in de stalomgeving of pollen tijdens de zomermaanden in het geval van “summer pasture associated” RAO (SPARAO). De gouden standaard om equine astma te diagnosticeren is het uitvoeren van een endoscopie, gevolgd door een broncho-alveolaire lavage (BAL). Het aanpassen van de omgeving is en blijft de belangrijkste behandelingsmethode, vaak in combinatie met het tijdelijk toedienen van corticosteroïden en bronchodilatatoren.

Usefulness of the assessment of discharge accumulation in the lower airways and tracheal septum thickening in the differential diagnosis of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in the horse

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wysocka ◽  
W. Kluciński
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Tracheal Lumen ◽  
Endoscopic Evaluation ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease ◽  
Lower Airways ◽  
Tracheal Bifurcation

Abstract The aim of the present study was to use endoscopic evaluation to compare the grade of accumulation of discharge in the lower airways of horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and inflammatory airway disease (IAD), and to estimate the usefulness of endoscopic evaluation in differential diagnosis of these diseases. Endoscopic evaluation consists of: the amount of discharge in the lower part of the trachea and tracheal bifurcation, and the assessment of tracheal septum thickness. This study was performed on 248 horses, 10 were healthy, 97 were diagnosed as RAO, and 141 were diagnosed as IAD. In all animals both a clinical and endoscopic examination were performed. During endoscopy, a score of mucus accumulation was estimated in 3/4 lower of the trachea and in the tracheal bifurcation. In addition to this, thickening of the tracheal septum was also assessed. According to the results of this study, it was estimated that the accumulation of mucus in the lower airways was much more advanced in RAO horses compared to horses with IAD. In horses with RAO there was a marked thickening of the tracheal septum compared to IAD horses. The results indicate the efficacy of scoring the amount of mucus in the tracheal lumen and tracheal bifurcation, as well as the efficacy of the assessment of tracheal septum thickness in the diagnosis of these diseases

Equine astma: huidige kennis van zaken

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-208
Author(s):  
L.M. Verhaeghe ◽  
L. Lefère ◽  
A. Dufourni ◽  
E. Paulussen ◽  
G. Van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Gevolgd Door ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease

Equine astma is de overkoepelende term voor een inflammatoir proces ter hoogte van de diepere luchtwegen. Deze aandoening wordt verder onderverdeeld in lichte tot matige astma, beter bekend als “inflammatory airway disease” (IAD), en ernstige astma, beter bekend als “recurrent airway obstruction” (RAO). RAO veroorzaakt inflammatie en obstructie van de diepe luchtwegen, wat leidt tot chronische hoest, verhoogde ademhalingsinspanning in rust en inspanningsintolerantie, meestal bij paarden ouder dan zeven jaar. IAD daarentegen kan op elke leeftijd voorkomen en de klinische tekenen zijn vaak veel subtieler, namelijk verminderd presteren en occasioneel hoesten. Equine astma wordt voornamelijk getriggerd door een hoge concentratie aan stof en schimmelsporen in de stalomgeving of pollen tijdens de zomermaanden in het geval van “summer pasture associated” RAO (SPARAO). De gouden standaard om equine astma te diagnosticeren is het uitvoeren van een endoscopie, gevolgd door een broncho-alveolaire lavage (BAL). Het aanpassen van de omgeving is en blijft de belangrijkste behandelingsmethode, vaak in combinatie met het tijdelijk toedienen van corticosteroïden en bronchodilatatoren.

scholarly journals In an Adult Horse With Severe Asthma (Previously Recurrent Airway Obstruction) Does Using Inhaled Corticosteroids Result in an Equal Improvement in Clinical Signs When Compared to Systemic Corticosteroids?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha A Jocelyn
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroids ◽  
Equine Asthma

<strong>PICO question</strong><br /><p>In an adult horse with severe asthma (previously recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)) does using inhaled corticosteroids result in an equal improvement in clinical signs when compared to systemic corticosteroids?</p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong><br /><p>The level of confidence in the outcomes from the body of evidence in the 4 papers identified is high. This suggests inhaled corticosteroids (fluticasone and beclomethasone) when used at an appropriate dose can have equivalent effects on severe equine asthma as systemic intravenous dexamethasone. Inhaled corticosteroids can take longer to have the desired effects. </p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

scholarly journals Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Niedźwiedź
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Organic Dust ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Neutrophilic Inflammation

AbstractEquine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO), also known as heaves or broken wind, is one of the most common disease in middle-aged horses. Inflammation of the airway is inducted by organic dust exposure. This disease is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, bronchospasm, excessive mucus production and pathologic changes in the bronchiolar walls. Clinical signs are resolved in 3-4 weeks after environmental changes. Horses suffering from RAO are susceptible to allergens throughout their lives, therefore they should be properly managed. In therapy the most importanthing is to eliminate dust exposure, administration of corticosteroids and use bronchodilators to improve pulmonary function.

scholarly journals Airway responsiveness in CD38-deficient mice in allergic airway disease: studies with bone marrow chimeras

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (5) ◽  
pp. L485-L493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alonso G. P. Guedes ◽  
Joseph A. Jude ◽  
Jaime Paulin ◽  
Laura Rivero-Nava ◽  
Hirohito Kita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
Allergic Airway Disease ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Bone Marrow Chimeras

CD38 is a cell-surface protein involved in calcium signaling and contractility of airway smooth muscle. It has a role in normal airway responsiveness and in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) developed following airway exposure to IL-13 and TNF-α but appears not to be critical to airway inflammation in response to the cytokines. CD38 is also involved in T cell-mediated immune response to protein antigens. In this study, we assessed the contribution of CD38 to AHR and inflammation to two distinct allergens, ovalbumin and the epidemiologically relevant environmental fungus Alternaria. We also generated bone marrow chimeras to assess whether Cd38+/+inflammatory cells would restore AHR in the CD38-deficient ( Cd38−/−) hosts following ovalbumin challenge. Results show that wild-type (WT) mice develop greater AHR to inhaled methacholine than Cd38−/−mice following challenge with either allergen, with comparable airway inflammation. Reciprocal bone marrow transfers did not change the native airway phenotypic differences between WT and Cd38−/−mice, indicating that the lower airway reactivity of Cd38−/−mice stems from Cd38−/−lung parenchymal cells. Following bone marrow transfer from either source and ovalbumin challenge, the phenotype of Cd38−/−hosts was partially reversed, whereas the airway phenotype of the WT hosts was preserved. Airway inflammation was similar in Cd38−/−and WT chimeras. These results indicate that loss of CD38 on hematopoietic cells is not sufficient to prevent AHR and that the magnitude of airway inflammation is not the predominant underlying determinant of AHR in mice.

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