scholarly journals Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Niedźwiedź

AbstractEquine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO), also known as heaves or broken wind, is one of the most common disease in middle-aged horses. Inflammation of the airway is inducted by organic dust exposure. This disease is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, bronchospasm, excessive mucus production and pathologic changes in the bronchiolar walls. Clinical signs are resolved in 3-4 weeks after environmental changes. Horses suffering from RAO are susceptible to allergens throughout their lives, therefore they should be properly managed. In therapy the most importanthing is to eliminate dust exposure, administration of corticosteroids and use bronchodilators to improve pulmonary function.

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha A Jocelyn

<strong>PICO question</strong><br /><p>In an adult horse with severe asthma (previously recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)) does using inhaled corticosteroids result in an equal improvement in clinical signs when compared to systemic corticosteroids?</p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong><br /><p>The level of confidence in the outcomes from the body of evidence in the 4 papers identified is high. This suggests inhaled corticosteroids (fluticasone and beclomethasone) when used at an appropriate dose can have equivalent effects on severe equine asthma as systemic intravenous dexamethasone. Inhaled corticosteroids can take longer to have the desired effects. </p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />


2011 ◽  
Vol 169 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sandersen ◽  
D. Olejnik ◽  
T. Franck ◽  
P. Neven ◽  
D. Serteyn ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Robinson ◽  
M. A. Olszewski ◽  
D. Boehler ◽  
C. Berney ◽  
J. Hakala ◽  
...  

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa R. Mazan ◽  
Edward F. Deveney ◽  
Shane DeWitt ◽  
Daniela Bedenice ◽  
Andrew Hoffman

This study was conducted to determine whether horses with naturally occurring, severe chronic recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) 1) have a greater resting energy expenditure (REE) than control horses, 2) suffer body mass depletion, and 3) have significantly decreased REE after bronchodilation and, therefore, also 4) whether increased work of breathing contributes to the cachexia seen in some horses with RAO. Six RAO horses and six control horses underwent indirect calorimetric measures of REE and pulmonary function testing using the esophageal balloon-pneumotachograph method before and after treatment with ipratropium bromide, a parasympatholytic bronchodilator agent, at 4-h intervals for a 24-h period. Body condition scoring was performed, and an estimate of fat mass was determined via B-mode ultrasonography. O2 and CO2 fractions, respiratory airflow, respiratory rate, and pleural pressure changes were recorded, and O2 consumption, CO2 production, REE, pulmonary resistance, dynamic elastance, and tidal volume were calculated. In addition, we performed lung function testing and calorimetry both before and after sedation in two control horses. RAO horses had significantly lower body condition scores (2.8 ± 1.0 vs. 6.4 ± 1.2) and significantly greater O2 consumption than controls (4.93 ± 1.30 vs. 2.93 ± 0.70 ml·kg−1·min−1). After bronchodilation, there was no significant difference in O2 consumption between RAO horses and controls, although there remained evidence of residual airway obstruction. There was a strong correlation between O2 consumption and indexes of airway obstruction. Xylazine sedation was not associated with changes in pulmonary function but did result in markedly decreased REE in controls.


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Fernand Zettel Bastos ◽  
Fernanda Cristina Mendes Barussi ◽  
Cláudia Turra Pimpão ◽  
Pedro Vicente Michelotto Jr

Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is an inflammatory and obstructive disease that is more prevalent in horses stabled for long periods. The most common clinical signs include cough, exercise intolerance, dyspnea, nasal secretion and absence of fever. The pathophysiological effects of RAO in the lungs include goblet cell metaplasia, alveolar fibrosis, neovascularization, airway wall thickening affecting all tissue layers, and bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy. The alveolar macrophage is the main effector of particle elimination in the inflammatory process of RAO, with the ability to increase or suppress inflammatory responses. Activation of macrophages increases the release of cytokines that enhance the inflammatory reaction, such as interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-8, resulting in the attraction of neutrophils to the alveolar environment, which becomes the predominant cell type during periods of crisis. Although the clinical signs of RAO are well-defined, the underlying immunologic mechanisms are still being investigated. This review provides information about this disease, the understanding of which has changedover time.


2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Herholz ◽  
R. Straub ◽  
S. Lüthi ◽  
Y. Moens ◽  
A. Imhof ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Moran ◽  
H. Folch

Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), also known as heaves, is a debilitating and incurable disease of the equine airway. Affected horses develop bronchoconstriction and neutrophilic airway inflammation as a result of exposure to specific airborne irritants and allergens such as hay mould and barn dust. Clinical signs of RAO include exercise intolerance, coughing, nostril flare and abdominal push related to respiratory effort. Evidence suggests that both the innate and acquired immune response contribute to the activation of inflammatory cells resulting in type I hypersensitivity and type III hypersensitivity reactions with an increased expression of Th1- and Th2-cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, receptors and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The regulation of inflammatory gene expression in RAO-affected horses is dependent on the binding of transcription factors such as Nuclear factor-(kappa)B (NF-kB), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and the cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) to the promoter region of target genes. In chronic disease an increased number of mucous-producing cells and increased amounts of stored mucins are observed in conjunction with other characteristics of airway tissue remodelling. In this review the findings related to the inflammatory and immunologic response in RAO-affected horses will be presented, and this information will be integrated into existing concepts of immunopathologic mechanisms.


UK-Vet Equine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel William Hotchkiss

Equine asthma is an umbrella term defined by nonseptic lower airway inflammation. Currently there are two broad categories, namely mild to moderate equine asthma (formerly known as inflammatory airway disease) and severe equine asthma (formerly known as recurrent airway obstruction or heaves). Environmental challenge is involved in the aetiopathogenesis of both these subcategories. Much of this challenge, and the part that we can control, is provided by the organic dust associated with the stabling of horses. This article reviews the available evidence relating to the environmental management of equine asthma and tries to relate this to practical options for providing a low-dust environment.


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