scholarly journals Analysis of the interspecific association between larvae of Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus, the common and medically important mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Hail Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 788-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Amin Kenawy ◽  
◽  
Hamdy Al Hossiny Al Ashry ◽  
Mohammed Yaslam Shobrak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Interspecific Association ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
The Common

Daily and seasonal variation in the activity of potential vector mosquitoes

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldřich Šebesta ◽  
Ivan Gelbič ◽  
Juraj Peško
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Major Species ◽  
The Common ◽  
South Moravia

AbstractIn the course of season 2010 (May–September), three 2-day trappings of female mosquitoes were carried out at two sites in order to determine the daily activity of the common mosquito species (e.g. species from genus Culex, Aedes, Ochlerotatus, Anopheles, etc.) in the area. CDC light traps filled with CO2 and placed at a height of 1 m were used to trap individuals, and were sampled every 2 h. A total of 19,604 female mosquitoes from 20 identifiable species were trapped: 7,549 at Sedlec and 12,055 at Kančí obora. The activity of the major species of mosquitoes in South Moravia differed throughout the course of the day. Calamity species of the genus Aedes and Ochlerotatus remained active throughout the day and night, but with different course. Aedes vexans, Ae. cinereus, and Ae. rossicus were most active in the late afternoon and highly active for most of the night. Ochlerotatus sticticus was captured most often in the afternoon, and its abundance decreased rapidly before sunset. The activity of Oc. cantans s.l. (Oc. cantans + Oc. annulipes) females varied little during the day and night. The daily activity for the main vectors of West Nile virus, Culex pipiens and Cx. modestus, were totally different from that of other species. Cx. pipiens females showed significant night activity, while Cx. modestus was most active in the evening. Nighttime activity was also observed in female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles.

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of targeted insecticide resistance gene mutations in field Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito vectors of arboviruses from Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Tambo Ernest ◽  
Jing-Bo Xue ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Nong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
The Status

Abstract Background: Gene mutations on target sites can be a valuable reference to the status of insecticide resistance. Jeddah, a global commercial and major port-of-entry city, is bearing the most (>70%) dengue disease burden and the population of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) in Saudi Arabia. Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 is a second example as one of the major arboviral vectors in the region. However, the status of insecticide resistance and targeted site mutations on the responsible genes are not fully characterized.Methods: We randomly sampled both mosquito species, Ae. aegypti (25 individuals) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (24 individuals) across Jeddah by daily mosquito surveillance in 2016 to detect the resistance-associated target site mutations on the voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) and acetylcholinesterase 1 (ace-1) genes by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. Results: Our findings showed that Ae. aegypti resistance-associated VGSC gene mutations revealed polymorphic mutations on the 989, 1016, and 1534 sites. Additionally, we documented two types of introns between exons 20 and 21, however, the I1011M point mutation was undetected. Linkage disequilibrium associations were shown between V1016G with S989P, V1016G with F1534, and V1016G with type A intron. Furthermore, no mutation on ace-1 was identified in Ae. aegypti. In Cx. quinquefasciatus, homozygous L1014F/L1014F (95.23%) on the VGSC and heterozygous G119/G119S (100%) on ace-1 were widely distributed in the samples studied. Analysis of intron sequences obtained in our study and homologous sequences retrieved from GenBank showed that the intron type was significantly associated with 1016 (P = 0.000) allele type, and may reflect the history of insecticide treatment in different continents.Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of the intron types between exons 20 and 21 on VGSC of Ae. aegypti populations. It can serve as a reference marker to evaluate the local insecticide resistance status. In addition, the first report of insecticide resistance gene mutation being present in field caught Cx. quinquefasciatus in Saudi Arabia. High prevalence of insecticide resistance gene mutations in local primary mosquito vector species alert the urgent need to carry out a comprehensive insecticide resistance surveillance.

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of targeted insecticide resistance gene mutations in field Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito vectors of arboviruses from Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Tambo Ernest ◽  
Jing-Bo Xue ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Hany A. Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
The Status

Abstract Background: Gene mutations on target sites can be a valuable reference to the status of insecticide resistance. Jeddah, a global commercial and major port-of-entry city, is bearing the most (>70%) dengue disease burden and the population of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in Saudi Arabia. Culex quinquefasciatus is a second example as one of the major arboviral vectors in the region. However, the status of insecticide resistance and targeted site mutations on the responsible genes are not fully characterized.Methods: We randomly sampled both mosquito species, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus across Jeddah by daily mosquito surveillance in 2016 to detect the resistance-associated target site mutations on the voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) and acetylcholinesterase 1 (ace-1) genes. Results: Our findings showed that Ae. aegypti resistance-associated VGSC gene mutations revealed polymorphic mutations on the 989, 1016, and 1534 sites. Additionally, we documented two types of introns between exons 20 and 21, however, the I1011M point mutation was undetected. Linkage disequilibrium associations were shown between V1016G with S989P, V1016G with F1534, and V1016G with type A intron. Furthermore, no mutation on ace-1 was identified in Ae. aegypti. In Cx. quinquefasciatus, homozygous L1014F/L1014F (95.23%) on the VGSC and heterozygous G119/G119S (100%) on ace-1 were widely distributed in the samples studied. Analysis of intron sequences obtained in our study and homologous sequences retrieved from GenBank showed that the intron type was significantly associated with 1016 (P = 0.000) allele type, and may reflect the history of insecticide treatment in different continents.Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of the intron types between exons 20 and 21 on VGSC of Ae. aegypti populations, and the first report of insecticide resistance gene mutation being present in field caught Cx. quinquefasciatus in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. High prevalence of insecticide resistance gene mutations in local primary mosquito vector species alert the urgent need to carry out a comprehensive insecticide resistance gene mutation surveillance and monitoring to guide sustained and effective integrated vector management planning and innovative guidelines in local predominate mosquito populations and mosquito-borne disease control and elimination in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Influence of climatic factors on the abundance of Culex pipiens and Cx. quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) adults in the Western Coast of Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Hassan ◽  
M.A. Kenawy ◽  
H.A. Al Ashry ◽  
M. Shobrak
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Weather Factors

This study aims to examine the effect of weather factors, temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and wind velocity (WV) on the abundance of <em>Cx</em>. (<em>Cux</em>.) <em>pipiens</em> L. and <em>Cx</em>. (<em>Cux</em>.) <em>quinquefasciatus</em>. Say, the two common and important mosquito species in the western coast of Saudi Arabia. The two species had the same ranges of T (15.00-30.00°C), RH (8.00-72.00%) and WV (0.10- 8.06 Km/h). <em>Cx. quinquefasciatus</em> had insignificantly (P˃0.05) lower means of the three factors than those of<em> Cx. pipiens.</em> Regression analysis indicated that abundance of <em>Cx. pipiens</em> and <em>Cx</em>. <em>quinquefasciatus</em> negatively related to T (regression coefficient, b=-0.06 and -0.01 for the two species, respectively) and WV (b=-0.40 and -0.16 for the two species, respectively) and positively related to RH (b=0.05 for both species). Such factors accounted for 81% and 76% of the variance in abundance of <em>Cx. pipiens</em> and <em>Cx. quinquefasciatus</em>, respectively while the remaining parts (19% and 24% for the two species, respectively) may be attributed to other factors mainly rainfall.

Pediatrics’ Total Parenteral Nutrition: Initiative and implementation of standardized formulation in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-496
Author(s):  
Yousef Ahmed Alomi ◽  
Hussam Saad Almalki ◽  
Aisha Omar Fallatah ◽  
Awatif Faraj Alshammari ◽  
Nesreen Al-Shubbar
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Drug Related Problems ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parental Nutrition ◽  
Management Project ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
New System

The national total parental nutrition program with an emphasis on pediatrics started before several ago at Ministry of health hospitals In Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The program covered several regions and consisted from the foundation of Intravenous Admixture and preparation of pediatric parenteral nutrition to administration and follow up of patients outcomes. In addition to the prior system, the new initiative project with the standardized formulation of pediatric’s parenteral nutrition is the complementary project of the parental nutrition for pediatrics. The project initiated to prevent drug-related problems of parental nutrition, improve patient clinical outcome and reduce the unnecessary economic burden on the healthcare system. It is the new system in the Middle East and Gulf counties in additional to Saudi Arabia. The initiatives are the systemic implementation of standardized pediatrics formulation using management project tools of starting new idea until finding in the ground.

Adult’s Total Parenteral Nutrition: Initiative and Implementation of Standardized Formulation in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
Yousef Ahmed Alomi ◽  
Hussam Saad Almalki ◽  
Aisha Omar Fallatah ◽  
Awatif Faraj Alshammari ◽  
Nahedh Rashed Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parental Nutrition ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
One Year ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
New System

The general administration of pharmaceutical care started potential pharmacy practice program. The program is part of accreditation professional’s process of national and international regulations. The adult’s parenteral nutrition was one of the critical programs. The most healthcare professionals are not familiar with the new system. The new initiatives system adult’s standardized concentration formulation of total parental nutrition as complementary to the previous one. The new formulation consisted of all parental nutrition requirements based on national and international standards. The new system can be converted as computerized physician orders. The new initiatives may implement as project management model over one year or less than that’s. The new system prevents nutrition-related problems, and medication errors, and improve clinical outcomes of the adults’ population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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