F-0844 Three Dimensional Drive of Ball Joint Mechanism Similar to Human Shoulder Mechanism

2001 ◽  
Vol VI.01.1 (0) ◽  
pp. 149-150
Author(s):  
Nobuo Sakai ◽  
Teruo Murakami ◽  
Yoshinori Sawae
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ball Joint ◽  
Joint Mechanism

Stereoscopic Drawings Made by Analog Computer of Three-Dimensional Surfaces Generated by Spatial Mechanism

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
L. E. Torfason ◽  
F. R. E. Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Analog Computer ◽  
Ball Joint ◽  
Spatial Mechanism ◽  
Transmission Properties ◽  
Spatial Mechanisms ◽  
As If

Spatial mechanisms with up to five links and containing at least one ball joint can be solved by considering the intersection of the three dimensional surfaces which can be generated by portions of the mechanism. This paper presents a method whereby stereoscopic pairs of the surfaces can be drawn using an electronic analog computer and the figures viewed as if they were three dimensional. This results in a far better visualization of the surfaces. In many cases it can be seen what the type of intersection between surfaces is. This determines the gross motion of the mechanism, the limits of its motion, and an estimate of its transmission properties.

Simplified Three-Dimensional Thermomechanical Applications of Ball Grid Array Package

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 256-265
Author(s):  
Jia Mao ◽  
Wei Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Solder Ball ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Ball Grid Array ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Ball Joint ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Improved Model

Three dimensional finite element models were created utilizing APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language) for typical multi-chip BGAP (Ball Grid Array Packages) with different sizes to analyze the structure stress and strain when loading steady thermal loads upon them. Subsequently an improved modeling approach including equivalent beam and critical solder ball joint for simplification was studied and introduced. The Darveaux method based on plastic deformation energy accumulation for predicting fatigue life of solder ball joint under thermal cyclic loading was applied to the improved model for calculation, and effects of main design parameters upon fatigue life were studied accordingly. The numerical results reflected the stress distribution and varying traits of the package, compare of results between improved model and detailed model indicates that the simplified modeling method is quite effective and available for different types of analysis. Methods and results of this paper are of certain reference value for the design and optimization for similar kind of packages.

Position Determination in Three Dimensional Structural Testing System

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 4478-4481
Author(s):  
Xian Feng Wang ◽  
Feng Xing ◽  
Makoto Obata ◽  
Yoshiaki Goto
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Structural Testing ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Ball Joint ◽  
Initial Error ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Set Up

A three dimensional structural testing system for static and pseudo dynamic test is developed, in which a coordinate system has been used in the measurement. The center of the ball joint hinge in an almost neutral position for the displacements of three actuators was the origin. However n process since the initial error cannot be controlled. This makes it difficult to exactly compare the results for different coordinate systems though the error is small. In this paper, to eliminate this difference, we set up a new coordinate system with the origin being the point of absolute zero of the actuator displacements. Since the origin usually cannot be measured directly, the new coordinate system is determined by appending three unknowns and a set of equations at the origin. The transformation between the new coordinate system and the previous one is obtained using a shift and Eulerian angles.

Steerable Surgical Instrument for Conventional and Single-Site Minimally Invasive Surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 155335062110370
Author(s):  
Victor Gabriel Hernández-Valderrama ◽  
Ricardo Manuel Ordorica-Flores ◽  
Salvador Montoya-Alvarez ◽  
Daniel Haro-Mendoza ◽  
Luis Ochoa-Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Ball Joint ◽  
Surgical Instrument ◽  
Joint Mechanism ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
The Right

Background. This article aims to present an innovative design of a steerable surgical instrument for conventional and single-site minimally invasive surgery (MIS), which improves the dexterity and maneuverability of the surgeon while offering a solution to the limitations of current tools. Methods. The steerable MIS instrument consists of a deflection structure with a curved sliding joints design that articulates the distal tip in two additional degrees of freedom (DoFs), relative to the instrument shaft, using transmission by cables. A passive ball-joint mechanism articulates the handle relative to the instrument shaft, improves wrist posture, and prevents collision of instrument handles during single-site MIS procedures. The two additional DoFs of the articulating tip are activated by a thumb-controlled device, using a joystick design mounted on the handle. This steerable MIS instrument was developed by additive manufacturing in a 3D printer using PLA polymer. Results. Prototype testing showed a maximum tip deflection of 60° in the left and right directions, with a total deflection of 120°. With the passive ball-joint fully offset, the steerable tip achieved a deflection of 90° for the right and 40° for the left direction, with a total deflection of 130°. Furthermore, the passive ball-joint mechanism in the handle obtained a maximum range of motion of 60°. Conclusions. This steerable MIS instrument concept offers an alternative to enhance the application fields of conventional and single-site MIS, increasing manual dexterity of the surgeon and the ability to reach narrow anatomies from other directions.

scholarly journals The Controllable Ball Joint Mechanism

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1151-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung Cheng TUNG ◽  
Wei-Hua CHIENG ◽  
ShrWai HO
Keyword(s):  
Ball Joint ◽  
Joint Mechanism

The orbit of Pluto over a long interval of time

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Orbit ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Restricted Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Circular Restricted Problem ◽  
Resonance Relation

The paper presents a summary of the results obtained by C. J. Cohen and E. C. Hubbard, who established by numerical integration that a resonance relation exists between the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. The problem may be explored further by approximating the motion of Pluto by that of a particle with negligible mass in the three-dimensional (circular) restricted problem. The mass of Pluto and the eccentricity of Neptune's orbit are ignored in this approximation. Significant features of the problem appear to be the presence of two critical arguments and the possibility that the orbit may be related to a periodic orbit of the third kind.

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