Diatomite Modified With Alkyl Ketene Dimer For Hydrophobicity of Cellulosic Paper

Multi-functionalization of papermaking chemicals is one of its main developing strategies. Fillers and internal sizing agents are often mutually restricted in practice. Therefore, it is feasible to prepare a new papermaking chemical by combining its functions. A process of diatomite modified with Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) was developed in this study. The modified diatomite (AD) can concurrently play the role of mineral filler and sizing agent in the papermaking process. With the equal dosage of AKD, the AD had better sizing and retention performance than the commercial AKD emulsion in the case of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and the CPAM/ bentonite retention system. The sizing mechanism of the AD can be interpreted as numerous hydrophobic sites and micro-surface structure of the paper sheet caused by the AD. Since the ester linkages were not detected in FT-IR spectra of the paper sheet filled by the AD, the chemical reaction may not be indispensable for its sizing performance. What’s more, an interesting “sticky” hydrophobicity phenomenon was observed when filling with AD. The approach in this study to prepare the “sticky” hydrophobic paper sheet can find its applications in some non-traditional application fields of cellulosic paper.

A Sensing Method of Network Security Situation Based on Markov Game Model

The sensing of network security situation (NSS) has become a hot issue. This paper first describes the basic principle of Markov model and then the necessary and sufficient conditions for the application of Markov game model. And finally, taking fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model as the theoretical basis, this paper analyzes the application fields of the sensing method of NSS with Markov game model from the aspects of network randomness, non-cooperative and dynamic evolution. Evaluation results show that the sensing method of NSS with Markov game model is best for financial field, followed by educational field. In addition, the model can also be used in the applicability evaluation of the sensing methods of different industries’ network security situation. Certainly, in different categories, and under the premise of different sensing methods of network security situation, the proportions of various influencing factors are different, and once the proportion is unreasonable, it will cause false calculation process and thus affect the results.

Modulation of the electrical double layer in metals and conducting polymers

The electrical double layer (EDL) formed at the interface between various materials and an electrolyte has been studied for a long time. In particular, the EDL formed at metal/electrolyte interfaces is central in electrochemistry, with a plethora of applications ranging from corrosion to batteries to sensors. The discovery of highly conductive conjugated polymers has opened a new area of electronics, involving solution-based or solution-interfaced devices, and in particular in bioelectronics, namely for use in deep-brain stimulation electrodes and devices to measure and condition cells activity, as these materials offer new opportunities to interface cells and living tissues. Here, it is shown that the potential associated to the double layer formed at the interface between either metals or conducting polymers and electrolytes is modified by the application of an electric field along the conductive substrate. The EDL acts as a transducer of the electric field applied to the conductive substrate. This observation has profound implications in the modelling and operation of devices relying on interfaces between conductive materials (metals and conjugated polymers) and electrolytes, which encompasses various application fields ranging from medicine to electronics.

History, philosophy, and value of mechanical models in sports science and engineering

This article is giving an introduction to JSET’s special section on mechanical models. It explains why mechanical models represent essential tools in sports engineering, defines their potential application fields and proposes a possible categorization. Further two short examples of mechanical models with corresponding literature and an overview of the manuscripts included in this special section are given.

A Triangle Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide with Long Propagation Length for Ultradeep Subwavelength Confinement

Facing the problems of ohmic loss and short propagation length, the application of plasmonic waveguides is limited. Here, a triangle hybrid plasmonic waveguide is introduced, where a cylinder silicon waveguide is separated from the triangle prism silver waveguide by a nanoscale silica gap. The process of constant optimization of waveguide structure is completed and simulation results indicate that the propagation length could reach a length of 510 μm, and the normalized mode area could reach 0.03 along with a high figure of merit 3150. This implies that longer propagation length could be simultaneously achieved along with relatively ultra-deep subwavelength mode confinement due to the hybridization between metallic plasmon polarization mode and silicon waveguide mode, compared with previous study. By an analysis of fabrication errors, it is confirmed that this waveguide is fairly stable over a wide error range. Additionally, the excellent performance of this is further proved by the comparison with other hybrid plasmonic waveguides. Our work is significant to manipulate light waves at sub-wavelength dimensions and enlarge the application fields, such as light detection and photoelectric sensors, which also benefit the improvement of the integration of optical devices.

A Survey of Recommendation Systems: Recommendation Models, Techniques, and Application Fields

This paper reviews the research trends that link the advanced technical aspects of recommendation systems that are used in various service areas and the business aspects of these services. First, for a reliable analysis of recommendation models for recommendation systems, data mining technology, and related research by application service, more than 135 top-ranking articles and top-tier conferences published in Google Scholar between 2010 and 2021 were collected and reviewed. Based on this, studies on recommendation system models and the technology used in recommendation systems were systematized, and research trends by year were analyzed. In addition, the application service fields where recommendation systems were used were classified, and research on the recommendation system model and recommendation technique used in each field was analyzed. Furthermore, vast amounts of application service-related data used by recommendation systems were collected from 2010 to 2021 without taking the journal ranking into consideration and reviewed along with various recommendation system studies, as well as applied service field industry data. As a result of this study, it was found that the flow and quantitative growth of various detailed studies of recommendation systems interact with the business growth of the actual applied service field. While providing a comprehensive summary of recommendation systems, this study provides insight to many researchers interested in recommendation systems through the analysis of its various technologies and trends in the service field to which recommendation systems are applied.

Double hydrophilic copolymers – synthetic approaches, architectural variety, and current application fields

Double hydrophilic copolymers consist of two chemically different but water-soluble segments. We present synthetic approaches and both established as well as emerging applications such as photocatalysis or sensing.

Applications of X-Ray Holography

X-ray holography is widely used in material, biology, and industry fields due to its potential to measure the microstructure and dynamic change of objects. In this review, the principle of X-ray holography and the development of this technology in different application fields are systematically summarized and discussed. Through analyzing the advancement of X-ray sources and recording medium, the research and development direction of X-ray holography are prospected and the overview on current strategies of novel X-ray holography is presented. It is proved that X-ray holography, as a powerful nondestructive measurement method, can be applied to a wide range of objects.

The impact of big data on innovation and value generation in pharmaceutical sales and marketing

Using Big Data in the pharmaceutical industry is a relatively new technology, and the benefits and applications are yet to be understood. There are some cases currently being piloted, but others have already been adopted by some pharmaceutical organizations, proving the unmet need in a field that is still in its infancy. This paper aims to understand how and if Big Data can contribute to commercial innovation, as well as future trends, investment opportunities. Participants from 26 pharmaceutical companies participated in different focus groups where topics were grouped by individuals and evaluation areas were discussed to discover any potential connections between Big Data and Innovation in commercial pharmaceutical environments. This study used the collected data to analyze and draw conclusions about how many life sciences leaders and professionals already know about Big Data and are identifying examples and processes where Big data is supporting and generating innovation. In addition, we were able to understand that the industry is already comfortable with Big Data, and there were some very accurate research results regarding the most pertinent application fields and key considerations moving forward. Using the network analysis findings and the relationships and connections explained by respondents, we can reveal how Big Data and innovation are interconnected.

Additive Manufactured Waveguide for E-Band Using Ceramic Materials

Ceramic materials are chemical- and temperature-resistant and, therefore, enable novel application fields ranging from automotive to aerospace. With this in mind, this contribution focuses on developing an additive manufacturing approach for 3D-printed waveguides made of ceramic materials. In particular, a special design approach for ceramic waveguides, which introduces non-radiating slots into the waveguides sidewalls, and a customized metallization process, are presented. The developed process allows for using conventional stereolithographic desktop-grade 3D-printers. The proposed approach has, therefore, benefits such as low-cost fabrication, moderate handling effort and independence of the concrete waveguide geometry. The performance of a manufactured ceramic WR12 waveguide is compared to a commercial waveguide and a conventionally printed counterpart. For that reason, relevant properties, such as surface roughness and waveguide geometry, are characterized. Parsing the electrical measurements, the ceramic waveguide specimen features an attenuation coefficient of 30–60 dB/m within the E-Band. The measured attenuation coefficient is 200% and 300% higher compared to the epoxy resin and the commercial waveguide and is attributed to the increased surface roughness of the ceramic substrate.